This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag(CS)to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect.The experimental results indicate that,u...This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag(CS)to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect.The experimental results indicate that,under suitable conditions,the NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)contents in EMR decrease notably with the increasing CS content,accompanied by an increase in pH value.Furthermore,the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)in EMR considerably decreases with the increasing liquid-to-solid ratio,eventually stabilizing.Similarly,the pH value first increases and then decreases,ultimately stabilizing.At a CS content of 12%and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7,the leaching concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)in EMR(127.7 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/L,respectively)fall below the standard detection limit(2 mg/L),with the pH measuring 8.26,meeting the conditions outlined in the GB 8978.NH_(4)^(+)is converted to NH_(3),while Mn^(2+)is transformed into solid precipitates such as Mn(OH)_(2),Mn_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2),Ca_(3)Mn_(2)O_(7),and Ca_(2)MnO_(4).The majority of manganese ions exist in trivalent or tetravalent states and remain stable over time.The cost of using CS as a reagent for treating 1 ton of EMR is merely$1.01.The high OH^(-)concentration provided by CS enables the effective removal of NH_(4)^(+)from EMR and the solidification of Mn^(2+)during thermal reactions.展开更多
The flux agents in common mould fluxes were fluoride and sodium oxide, which would do great harm to environments. B2O3 was selected as flux. The physical properties of B2O3-containing mould fluxes were studied. The co...The flux agents in common mould fluxes were fluoride and sodium oxide, which would do great harm to environments. B2O3 was selected as flux. The physical properties of B2O3-containing mould fluxes were studied. The corresponding physical properties of 37. 91% CAO-43.09% SiO2-5% Al2O3-5% MgO-2% Li20-7% B2O3 mould fluxes were as follows： the melting point was 909℃, the flowing temperature was 1 160℃, the viscosity and surface tension at 1300 ℃ were 0. 4 Pa · s and 0.32 N/m respectively, which could meet the demands for certain kinds of steels for mould fluxes in continuous casting.展开更多
In order to reduce the negative effect of gross Al-rich inclusions on high aluminum steel, both thermodynamic calculations and designed deoxidization experiments were performed in condition of different silicon and al...In order to reduce the negative effect of gross Al-rich inclusions on high aluminum steel, both thermodynamic calculations and designed deoxidization experiments were performed in condition of different silicon and aluminum deoxidization sequences. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that the complex inclusions with low melting point （harmless inclusions） are more favorable to be formed in condition that the melt was deoxidized using ferrosilicon first and then pure aluminum （Si/A1 deoxidization） than that deoxidized using pure aluminum first and then ferrosilicon （AI/Si deoxidization）. Al-rich inclusion decreases 83% from A1/Si deoxidization to Si/A1 deoxidization. The experimental results showed that the total quantity of inclusions decreases by 24% and the proportion of harmless inclusions is doubled when comparing Si/Al deoxidization with Al/Si deoxidization. The morphology of complex inclusion tends to be spherical, and the mean size is less than 5μm in condition of Si/Al deoxidization. The formation mechanism of harmless inclusions was discussed, and it is believed that the inclusions can be controlled reasonably in high aluminum steel using Si/Al deoxidization.展开更多
Three-phase centrifuge was used to process oily sludge,and the requirement of mud,oil and water three-phase separation was satisfied through the optimization of parameters. The results showed that when the input quant...Three-phase centrifuge was used to process oily sludge,and the requirement of mud,oil and water three-phase separation was satisfied through the optimization of parameters. The results showed that when the input quantity was lower than 5 m^3/h,the optimal operation parameters of the three-phase centrifuge are shown as follows: the frequency of the main motor and vice motor was 33 and 30 Hz respectively,and the flocculant flow was 0. 7 m^3/h,while the oily sludge temperature was 55 ℃. Water content in the separated sludge decreased from 98% to lower than 70%,and the goal of reduction and harmless treatment of oily sludge could be achieved,which could provide essential conditions for subsequent resource utilization and could be used to guide industrial production.展开更多
With the development of large-scale and intensive pig breeding,the harmless disposal of dead pigs has become increasingly prominent.The method to process dead pigs by biogas engineering can realize resource utilizatio...With the development of large-scale and intensive pig breeding,the harmless disposal of dead pigs has become increasingly prominent.The method to process dead pigs by biogas engineering can realize resource utilization of dead pigs and and obtain high economic benefit. In this paper,through a batch of experiments,the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of dead pigs and pig manure was verified,and effects of addition proportion of dead pigs and reaction temperature on biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion were analyzed. The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 35 ℃ and the adding proportion of the dead pig was 12%,the fermentation could get the best effect,and the maximum of methane content could reach 64. 72%,while the total biogas yield was up to 5 310 ml,which was 26% higher than single fermentation of pig manure. Meanwhile,the unit TS and VS biogas yield could rise by 30% and 22% respectively.展开更多
According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fo...According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor （L.） Moench.展开更多
Three treatment measures for raising seedlings by sowing, Le. covering seeds with two layers of forest soil, culturing seedlings under full sunshine and timely sowing in late autumn, were adopted in this study. The re...Three treatment measures for raising seedlings by sowing, Le. covering seeds with two layers of forest soil, culturing seedlings under full sunshine and timely sowing in late autumn, were adopted in this study. The results indicated that the three treatments were of good prevention effects on sheath blight or seedling blight, sunscald and rat damage in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, could avoid the pollution of agrochemicals to soil and environment as well as decrease cost for raising seedlings, and thus could promote the development of bio-agrochemicals or bio-fungicides with high efficiency and no pollution for resisting the pathogens of sheath blight.展开更多
China＇s animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly and the inventory of swine, poultry, and sheep has been in the first place in the world of late years. For several consecutive years, the annual slaughter swine...China＇s animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly and the inventory of swine, poultry, and sheep has been in the first place in the world of late years. For several consecutive years, the annual slaughter swine has reached to more than 700 million head, 70 million head of carcasses, about 2 million tons. The number will be even more if cattle, sheep and poultry had been considered. If handled improperly, the large number of carcasses of livestock and poultry will seriously pollute environment and even bring food safety issues and harm to public health security. More and more concern has been attracted on harmless disposal of dead animals. Of all the harmless disposal methods on carcasses of livestock and poultry, the application and research of alkalizalion hydrolysisar （ AH ） are less and only restricted in the higher-level security laboratory field in China. The method of alkalization hydrolysis has the advantages of completely inactivating pathogenic microorganisms （including prions）, no harmful gas, simple operation, low cost, etc, which has the value of research and application. This paper summarized the characteristics and the sterilization effect of alkaline hydrolysis, and discussed the processing and application of AH products of animal carcasses ,meanwhile, introduced the types, research and application state of AH in China, finally, briefly discussed the application prospect of AH in China.展开更多
A serial of management and support policy for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry had been formulated in Fujian Province, and the effect was remarkable. But there were still some problems in the implement...A serial of management and support policy for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry had been formulated in Fujian Province, and the effect was remarkable. But there were still some problems in the implementation of the policy, the technique of harmless treatment, livestock insurance and invcstigation and punishment of illegal behavior. Therefore, the following countermeasures were put forward： strengthen the responsibility system for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry; adjust harmless treatment mode to local conditions; build centralized treatment plant; punish illegal and criminal activities strictly; improve linkage policy of insurance and harmless treatment of livestock and poultry.展开更多
This paper introduced the difficulties in the handling of infected pig carcasses,such as difficulty in finding,difficulty in collection and transportation,difficulty in facility construction,and difficulty in monitori...This paper introduced the difficulties in the handling of infected pig carcasses,such as difficulty in finding,difficulty in collection and transportation,difficulty in facility construction,and difficulty in monitoring and supervision,etc.The reasons for these difficulties are shortcomings in the top-level design of the policy to the specific measures at the grassroots level.In view of these shortcomings,the author came up with some pertinent recommendations,including improving relevant regulations and policy measures,establishing a sound system and network for the collection,transportation and processing of infected pig carcasses,reinforcing punishment and strengthening linkage and cooperation between departments.展开更多
The harmless treatment of livestock and poultry reduces the risk of water and soil pollution caused by untreated discard of sick and dead livestock.Chemical fertilizer increases crop yield,while its over-application w...The harmless treatment of livestock and poultry reduces the risk of water and soil pollution caused by untreated discard of sick and dead livestock.Chemical fertilizer increases crop yield,while its over-application will lead to serious problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution as well as land acidification and soil compaction.It is of great significance to explore the utilization potential of bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock to improve the soil environment and enhance agricultural productivity.This study investigated the effects of different application rates of bio-organic matter(0,1285,1928,2571 kg/hm^(2))and biochar addition(0,10000 kg/hm^(2))on soil properties and crop yield under 20%reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.The results indicated that the application of bio-organic matter combined with biochar improved soil physical structure under fertilizer reduction by decreasing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity and soil aggregate stability.Compared to that under CK,the soil bulk density was reduced by 1.42%-6.38%,and the soil porosity was increased by 1.17%-7.05%.Compared to conventional fertilization,applying bio-organic matter(1928 kg/hm^(2))ensured sufficient soil nutrients for crop growth under 20%of fertilizer reduction.The soil fertility was further boosted by the addition of biochar.The alkaline nitrogen content peaked under BM3 with 42.08 mg/kg,and the total nitrogen content and soil organic matter content reached their peak values under NM4 treatment,which were 0.97 g/kg and 21.23 g/kg,respectively.The higher the amount of bio-organic matter applied,the higher the grain yield and crop water productivity.The yield gained with bio-organic matter application alone at the rate of 2571 kg/hm^(2)under fertilizer reduction(NM4)was 7504 kg/hm^(2),which can reach equal yield level with CK,while medium to high addition of bio-organic matter combining biochar(BM3 and BM4 treatments)produced higher grain yield than that under CK.The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between total nitrogen and maize yield and between soil organic matter and maize yield.Overall,under 20%fertilizer reduction,applying bio-organic matter at the rate of 1928 kg/hm^(2)and combining biochar at the rate of 10000 kg/hm^(2)would be an economical plan to enhance soil physicochemical properties and ensure stable maize yield,and would also supply a scientific way to reuse bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock carcasses.展开更多
Hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease （CVD） in diabetics. However, it has been shown by a series of large scale international studies that intensive lowering of blood glucose level...Hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease （CVD） in diabetics. However, it has been shown by a series of large scale international studies that intensive lowering of blood glucose levels not only has very limited benefits against cardiovascular problems in patients, but may even be harmful to patients at a high risk for CVD and/or poor long-term control of blood glucose levels. Therefore, Western medicine is faced with a paradox. One way to solve this may be administration of Chinese herbal medicines that not only regulate blood glucose, blood fat levels and blood pressure, but also act on multiple targets. These medicines can eliminate cytotoxicity of high glucose through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant methods, regulation of cytokines and multiple signaling molecules, and maintenance of cell vitality and the cell cycle, etc. This allows hyperglycemic conditions to exist in a healthy manner, which is called ＂harmless hyperglycemia＂ Furthermore, these cardiovascular benefits go beyond lowering blood glucose leve^s. The mechanisms of action not only avoid cardiovascular injury caused by intensive lowering of blood glucose levels, but also decrease the cardiovascular dangers posed by hyperglycemia.展开更多
基金Funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Guike AB23026071 and Guike AB24010020)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Project(Guike AD24010062)the Guangxi Beibu Gulf Engineering Research Center for Green Marine Materials。
文摘This study introduced a low-temperature thermochemical method for the treatment of EMR in the presence of carbide slag(CS)to achieve an economical and efficient harmless effect.The experimental results indicate that,under suitable conditions,the NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)contents in EMR decrease notably with the increasing CS content,accompanied by an increase in pH value.Furthermore,the concentration of NH_(4)^(+)in EMR considerably decreases with the increasing liquid-to-solid ratio,eventually stabilizing.Similarly,the pH value first increases and then decreases,ultimately stabilizing.At a CS content of 12%and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7,the leaching concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)and Mn^(2+)in EMR(127.7 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/L,respectively)fall below the standard detection limit(2 mg/L),with the pH measuring 8.26,meeting the conditions outlined in the GB 8978.NH_(4)^(+)is converted to NH_(3),while Mn^(2+)is transformed into solid precipitates such as Mn(OH)_(2),Mn_(2)O_(3),MnO_(2),Ca_(3)Mn_(2)O_(7),and Ca_(2)MnO_(4).The majority of manganese ions exist in trivalent or tetravalent states and remain stable over time.The cost of using CS as a reagent for treating 1 ton of EMR is merely$1.01.The high OH^(-)concentration provided by CS enables the effective removal of NH_(4)^(+)from EMR and the solidification of Mn^(2+)during thermal reactions.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50474037) Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation forUniversity of China (04BJK430022)
文摘The flux agents in common mould fluxes were fluoride and sodium oxide, which would do great harm to environments. B2O3 was selected as flux. The physical properties of B2O3-containing mould fluxes were studied. The corresponding physical properties of 37. 91% CAO-43.09% SiO2-5% Al2O3-5% MgO-2% Li20-7% B2O3 mould fluxes were as follows： the melting point was 909℃, the flowing temperature was 1 160℃, the viscosity and surface tension at 1300 ℃ were 0. 4 Pa · s and 0.32 N/m respectively, which could meet the demands for certain kinds of steels for mould fluxes in continuous casting.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. U1460103）. Support was also provided by the Instrumental Analysis ＆ Research Center in Shanghai University.
文摘In order to reduce the negative effect of gross Al-rich inclusions on high aluminum steel, both thermodynamic calculations and designed deoxidization experiments were performed in condition of different silicon and aluminum deoxidization sequences. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that the complex inclusions with low melting point （harmless inclusions） are more favorable to be formed in condition that the melt was deoxidized using ferrosilicon first and then pure aluminum （Si/A1 deoxidization） than that deoxidized using pure aluminum first and then ferrosilicon （AI/Si deoxidization）. Al-rich inclusion decreases 83% from A1/Si deoxidization to Si/A1 deoxidization. The experimental results showed that the total quantity of inclusions decreases by 24% and the proportion of harmless inclusions is doubled when comparing Si/Al deoxidization with Al/Si deoxidization. The morphology of complex inclusion tends to be spherical, and the mean size is less than 5μm in condition of Si/Al deoxidization. The formation mechanism of harmless inclusions was discussed, and it is believed that the inclusions can be controlled reasonably in high aluminum steel using Si/Al deoxidization.
文摘Three-phase centrifuge was used to process oily sludge,and the requirement of mud,oil and water three-phase separation was satisfied through the optimization of parameters. The results showed that when the input quantity was lower than 5 m^3/h,the optimal operation parameters of the three-phase centrifuge are shown as follows: the frequency of the main motor and vice motor was 33 and 30 Hz respectively,and the flocculant flow was 0. 7 m^3/h,while the oily sludge temperature was 55 ℃. Water content in the separated sludge decreased from 98% to lower than 70%,and the goal of reduction and harmless treatment of oily sludge could be achieved,which could provide essential conditions for subsequent resource utilization and could be used to guide industrial production.
基金Supported by Project of Applying Science and Technology in Agriculture in Shanghai City((2014)No.5-4)National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAD21B04)
文摘With the development of large-scale and intensive pig breeding,the harmless disposal of dead pigs has become increasingly prominent.The method to process dead pigs by biogas engineering can realize resource utilization of dead pigs and and obtain high economic benefit. In this paper,through a batch of experiments,the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of dead pigs and pig manure was verified,and effects of addition proportion of dead pigs and reaction temperature on biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion were analyzed. The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 35 ℃ and the adding proportion of the dead pig was 12%,the fermentation could get the best effect,and the maximum of methane content could reach 64. 72%,while the total biogas yield was up to 5 310 ml,which was 26% higher than single fermentation of pig manure. Meanwhile,the unit TS and VS biogas yield could rise by 30% and 22% respectively.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)~~
文摘According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor （L.） Moench.
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Business Expense Project for Public-interest Scientific Institute of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region"Collection of Introduced Tree Species of Populus fro Afforestation in Aroboretum of Xinjiang Academy of Forestry"~~
文摘Three treatment measures for raising seedlings by sowing, Le. covering seeds with two layers of forest soil, culturing seedlings under full sunshine and timely sowing in late autumn, were adopted in this study. The results indicated that the three treatments were of good prevention effects on sheath blight or seedling blight, sunscald and rat damage in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, could avoid the pollution of agrochemicals to soil and environment as well as decrease cost for raising seedlings, and thus could promote the development of bio-agrochemicals or bio-fungicides with high efficiency and no pollution for resisting the pathogens of sheath blight.
基金Surported by Jiangsu Vocational Colleges Young Teachers Enterprise Practice Training Funding Project(2016QYSJ058)Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering 2017 Science and Technology Project-A Preliminary Study on Farm Animal Welfare(2017KY07)Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Brand Profession Construction Fund
文摘China＇s animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly and the inventory of swine, poultry, and sheep has been in the first place in the world of late years. For several consecutive years, the annual slaughter swine has reached to more than 700 million head, 70 million head of carcasses, about 2 million tons. The number will be even more if cattle, sheep and poultry had been considered. If handled improperly, the large number of carcasses of livestock and poultry will seriously pollute environment and even bring food safety issues and harm to public health security. More and more concern has been attracted on harmless disposal of dead animals. Of all the harmless disposal methods on carcasses of livestock and poultry, the application and research of alkalizalion hydrolysisar （ AH ） are less and only restricted in the higher-level security laboratory field in China. The method of alkalization hydrolysis has the advantages of completely inactivating pathogenic microorganisms （including prions）, no harmful gas, simple operation, low cost, etc, which has the value of research and application. This paper summarized the characteristics and the sterilization effect of alkaline hydrolysis, and discussed the processing and application of AH products of animal carcasses ,meanwhile, introduced the types, research and application state of AH in China, finally, briefly discussed the application prospect of AH in China.
基金Basal Research Fund for Provincial Public Research Institutes in Fujian(2014R1016-12)
文摘A serial of management and support policy for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry had been formulated in Fujian Province, and the effect was remarkable. But there were still some problems in the implementation of the policy, the technique of harmless treatment, livestock insurance and invcstigation and punishment of illegal behavior. Therefore, the following countermeasures were put forward： strengthen the responsibility system for harmless treatment of dead livestock and poultry; adjust harmless treatment mode to local conditions; build centralized treatment plant; punish illegal and criminal activities strictly; improve linkage policy of insurance and harmless treatment of livestock and poultry.
文摘This paper introduced the difficulties in the handling of infected pig carcasses,such as difficulty in finding,difficulty in collection and transportation,difficulty in facility construction,and difficulty in monitoring and supervision,etc.The reasons for these difficulties are shortcomings in the top-level design of the policy to the specific measures at the grassroots level.In view of these shortcomings,the author came up with some pertinent recommendations,including improving relevant regulations and policy measures,establishing a sound system and network for the collection,transportation and processing of infected pig carcasses,reinforcing punishment and strengthening linkage and cooperation between departments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51609209)the Key Laboratory Program of the Shangqiu Station of National Field Agro-ecosystem(Grant No.SQZ-2023-01).
文摘The harmless treatment of livestock and poultry reduces the risk of water and soil pollution caused by untreated discard of sick and dead livestock.Chemical fertilizer increases crop yield,while its over-application will lead to serious problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution as well as land acidification and soil compaction.It is of great significance to explore the utilization potential of bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock to improve the soil environment and enhance agricultural productivity.This study investigated the effects of different application rates of bio-organic matter(0,1285,1928,2571 kg/hm^(2))and biochar addition(0,10000 kg/hm^(2))on soil properties and crop yield under 20%reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.The results indicated that the application of bio-organic matter combined with biochar improved soil physical structure under fertilizer reduction by decreasing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity and soil aggregate stability.Compared to that under CK,the soil bulk density was reduced by 1.42%-6.38%,and the soil porosity was increased by 1.17%-7.05%.Compared to conventional fertilization,applying bio-organic matter(1928 kg/hm^(2))ensured sufficient soil nutrients for crop growth under 20%of fertilizer reduction.The soil fertility was further boosted by the addition of biochar.The alkaline nitrogen content peaked under BM3 with 42.08 mg/kg,and the total nitrogen content and soil organic matter content reached their peak values under NM4 treatment,which were 0.97 g/kg and 21.23 g/kg,respectively.The higher the amount of bio-organic matter applied,the higher the grain yield and crop water productivity.The yield gained with bio-organic matter application alone at the rate of 2571 kg/hm^(2)under fertilizer reduction(NM4)was 7504 kg/hm^(2),which can reach equal yield level with CK,while medium to high addition of bio-organic matter combining biochar(BM3 and BM4 treatments)produced higher grain yield than that under CK.The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between total nitrogen and maize yield and between soil organic matter and maize yield.Overall,under 20%fertilizer reduction,applying bio-organic matter at the rate of 1928 kg/hm^(2)and combining biochar at the rate of 10000 kg/hm^(2)would be an economical plan to enhance soil physicochemical properties and ensure stable maize yield,and would also supply a scientific way to reuse bio-organic matter originating from harmless treatment of livestock carcasses.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173179,81473550,81403329)Focal Point Project of Fujian Province in China(No.2012Y0037)+2 种基金Research Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Focus Lab of Fujian Provincial Department of Health(No.Wztn 201304)CHEN Keji Development Fund of Integrative Medicine(No.CKJ2009004)Special Fund for Key Subject of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.X2014037)
文摘Hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease （CVD） in diabetics. However, it has been shown by a series of large scale international studies that intensive lowering of blood glucose levels not only has very limited benefits against cardiovascular problems in patients, but may even be harmful to patients at a high risk for CVD and/or poor long-term control of blood glucose levels. Therefore, Western medicine is faced with a paradox. One way to solve this may be administration of Chinese herbal medicines that not only regulate blood glucose, blood fat levels and blood pressure, but also act on multiple targets. These medicines can eliminate cytotoxicity of high glucose through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant methods, regulation of cytokines and multiple signaling molecules, and maintenance of cell vitality and the cell cycle, etc. This allows hyperglycemic conditions to exist in a healthy manner, which is called ＂harmless hyperglycemia＂ Furthermore, these cardiovascular benefits go beyond lowering blood glucose leve^s. The mechanisms of action not only avoid cardiovascular injury caused by intensive lowering of blood glucose levels, but also decrease the cardiovascular dangers posed by hyperglycemia.
