The toxicity of seven major HAB （harmful algal bloom） species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense （AT-6, non-PSP producer）, Alexandrium lusitanicum, A...The toxicity of seven major HAB （harmful algal bloom） species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense （AT-6, non-PSP producer）, Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense （ATHK） and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense （AT-6）, or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense （ATHK） has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LCs0 at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P micans, A. tamarense （AT-6） and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense （ATHK） or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae.展开更多
Based on the data of phytoplankton concentration and environmental factors in Bohai Bay from May to September in 2003. the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass was analyzed. By analysis...Based on the data of phytoplankton concentration and environmental factors in Bohai Bay from May to September in 2003. the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass was analyzed. By analysis of variance, the weather condition was found to have no direct relation with phytoplankton biomass. Correlation coefficients showed that temperature, pH value,the concentrations of silicate and nitrate exhibited linear relationship with phytoplankton biomass.With principal component analysis, pollution types which affected the abundance of phytoplankton included point sources such as municipal and industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and earth＇s surface water. Using multivariate stepwise regression method and taking the correlation analysis results into consideration, a multi-step regression equation was developed to predict the concentration of phytoplankton in September 2003. Combined results show that temperature, pH value, the concentrations of silicate and nitrate are the critical ecological factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass in Bohai Bay.展开更多
To assist the researches of toxic and harmful algae and provide government workers with judgment basis for decision-making related events,we established a biological information management system for toxic and harmful...To assist the researches of toxic and harmful algae and provide government workers with judgment basis for decision-making related events,we established a biological information management system for toxic and harmful algae in China’s of fshore to assist relevant research.In this study,Karenia mikimotoi was studied as a typical toxic and harmful algae species,and the basic biological information and biogeographic distribution information of K.mikimotoi were systematically studied and collected.In the part of basic biological information,the name,toxin,and molecular characteristic sequence of K.mikimotoi were sorted out by literature searching and website browsing.Through experimental means,the relevant information of morphological identifi cation,pigment composition,and lipid composition were obtained.In the part of biogeographic distribution information,this study sorted out the information of K.mikimotoi,analyzed the characteristics of its occurrence,and completed the standardized construction of biogeographic distribution information.Through the collation of basic biological information and biogeographic distribution information of K.mikimotoi,the standardization of related information was completed,which provided template and method reference for information collection of other toxic and harmful algae species,which was benefi cial to the database analysis and design.展开更多
The“harmful algae and algal toxins in coastal waters of China:investigation and database”project(HAATC)is funded(US$2.3 million)by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for 60 months starting on the 1st Ja...The“harmful algae and algal toxins in coastal waters of China:investigation and database”project(HAATC)is funded(US$2.3 million)by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for 60 months starting on the 1st Jan 2019.Since the 1990s,national projects and other related work have greatly improved harmful algal bloom(HAB)research in China.However,the existing research on HABs is often limited to specific sea areas or specific algal bloom disasters,which is insufficient for understanding the long-term evolution of HAB occurrence under the influence of intensified human activity and global change.The HAATC project intends to determine the overall distribution of marine harmful microalgae and macroalgae,and marine algal toxins(in phytoplankton and shellfish)through a large-scale investigation in the coastal waters of China and continuous investigation in key sea areas.It also aims to observe biotic and abiotic processes during harmful red tides and green tides,and establish an open database and query platform of HABs in China.The research consortium,led by chief scientist Prof.Tian YAN,includes approximately 100 scientists and students.More than 2 years of work have shown the increased distribution of HAB species(including cysts)and algal toxins in China’s coastal waters,the increased occurrence of macroalgae blooms(mainly by Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri)in the Southern Yellow Sea,increased amount of causative species being identified due to the use of molecular technologies in taxonomy,and new records of algal toxins such as azaspiracid,cycloimines and neurotoxinsβ-N-methylamino-l-alanine have been detected,which complicates the research in algal toxins and toxicology.Eventually,the project will provide systematic basic data and techniques for the rapid and accurate identification of harmful algae species to support the research,monitoring,and control of harmful algal blooms,as well as seafood safety management in China.展开更多
Rapid,high-throughput and reliable methods are urgently required to accurately detect and monitor harmful algae,which are responsible for algal blooms,such as red and green tides. In this study,we successfully develop...Rapid,high-throughput and reliable methods are urgently required to accurately detect and monitor harmful algae,which are responsible for algal blooms,such as red and green tides. In this study,we successfully developed a multiplex PCR-based DNA microarray method capable of detecting nine harmful algal species simultaneously,namely A lexandrium tamarense,Gyrodinium instriatum,Heterosigma akashiwo,Karenia mikimotoi,Prorocentrum donghaiense,Prorocentrum minimum,Ulva compressa,Ulva ohnoi and Ulva prolifera. This method achieved a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.5 ng of genomic DNA(orders of magnitude of the deci-nanogram range) in the tested algae cultures. Altogether,230 field samples from ship ballast waters and seaport waters were used to evaluate the DNA microarray. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the DNA microarray assay in detecting field samples were 96.4% and 90.9%,respectively,relative to conventional morphological methods. This indicated that this high-throughput,automatic,and specific method is well suited for the detection of algae in water samples.展开更多
Mariculture exerts a direct influence on planktonic eukaryotic microorganisms protists.Previous studies have focused on phytoplankton,while the heterotrophic and parasitic protistan groups are unknown.Currently,in Mup...Mariculture exerts a direct influence on planktonic eukaryotic microorganisms protists.Previous studies have focused on phytoplankton,while the heterotrophic and parasitic protistan groups are unknown.Currently,in Muping Marine Ranch(MR)which is along the littoral zone of northern Yellow Sea of China,environmental DNA methods were employed to investigate the diversity and seasonal dynamics of near shore planktonic protists in response to mariculture.Through an integrated analysis of functional groups and a comparison to adjacent sea areas,we found a dominance of harmful algae blooms(HAB)species nearshore MR,and a significant reduction in the diversity of planktonic protists including photosynthetic,heterotrophic and parasitic groups.High nutrient and low salinity were suggested to drive the dominance of HAB species nearshore MR,which in return might inhibit predators,saprophytes and algal parasites.Our investigations revealed an Olisthodiscus luteus outbreak in spring,as well as significant seasonal variations in the planktonic protist community,which might be caused by the changes of temperature.The offshore hypoxia reduced the abundance of phytoplankton but increased mixotrophs and animal parasites of the protistan community nearshore MR.This study highlights the influence of mariculture on the overall community function of planktonic protists,and is helpful to assess the mariculture's impact on water health.展开更多
Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal pro...Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts.In this study,allelopathy tea polyphenols(TPs)andβ-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules,and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed.Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity.When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d,their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99%compared to the control group.Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density,and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules.The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen,pH,and temperature.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.展开更多
The combination effect of light, water temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay is studied in this paper. The order of importance of the influence on phytoplankton growth is de- termined as nu...The combination effect of light, water temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay is studied in this paper. The order of importance of the influence on phytoplankton growth is de- termined as nutrients, water temperature, and light. The influence of these factors unveiled the mechanism of the influence, and revealed the variation process of the nutrients limiting phytoplankton primary production, and of the water temperature influencing the phytoplankton reproduction capacity, and hence influencing the structure of phytoplankton assemblage. Temporal and spatial quantification shows different stages of the influence by wa- ter temperature and nutrients on the phytoplankton growth. Moreover, the authors expatiated the ideal state of the phytoplankton growth and the reason of red tide occurrence. People should consider in their activity the input of nutrient Si first, and then the variation of water temperature, advocating sustainable development manner.展开更多
Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel is one of the common harmful algae species in coastal waters of the southeastern China.In this study,sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay(NPA-SH)was used to qu...Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel is one of the common harmful algae species in coastal waters of the southeastern China.In this study,sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay(NPA-SH)was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect P. globosa.Results showed that this method had good applicability and validity in analyzing the samples from laboratory cultures and from fields.The linear regression equation for P.globosa was obtained,and the lowest detection number of cells was 1.8×104 c...展开更多
The ecological processes and interrelationships between protists,either autotrophic or heterotrophic,and environmental factors in mariculture ponds are largely unknown.This study investigated the temporal dynamics of ...The ecological processes and interrelationships between protists,either autotrophic or heterotrophic,and environmental factors in mariculture ponds are largely unknown.This study investigated the temporal dynamics of potentially harmful dinoflagellate,Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,and its relationship to physico-chemical factors and protozoan grazers over a complete cycle in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao,Northern China.P.minimum occurred frequently in low numbers from June to August,followed by a sharp increase from the middle of August,reaching a single maximum peak value of 2.2×105 cells L-1 in October.Temporal variation in abundance was positively correlated with dissolved nitrogen,but showed a significant inverse relationship to abundance of the dominant ciliates,Tintinnopsis lohmanni and Askenasia stellaris.The results provide statistical evidence that the number of P.minimum increased with increasing nitrogen,and the suppression or shortening of algal bloom may be associated with protozoan grazers,such as Tintinnopsis lohmanni,in mariculture ponds.展开更多
Abstract Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variatio...Abstract Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variations in the physical and nutrient characteristics of the seawater were analyzed following the development of local blooms in 2013. The local environmental characteristics were also compared with those of the Changjiang River estuary, China, and the Long Island estuaries in the USA, which are also prone to blooms of special algal species. In Qinhuangdao the local water temperature varied seasonally and rose above 15~C in 2013 early summer, coincident with the water discoloration. The salinity was more than 28 with a variation range of 〈3 throughout the year. Our results suggest that the physical conditions of the Qinhuangdao coastal area were suitable for the explosive proliferation of certain pico/nanophytoplankton, e.g. Aureococcus anophagefferens. The water supporting the bloom was not in a condition of serious eutrophication, but there were relatively high concentrations of reduced nitrogen （especially ammonium）, which acted as an important nitrogen source for the pico/nanophytoplankton bloom. There was also a large gap between total nitrogen （TN） and dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）. Although the phosphate concentration was relatively low, there was no evidence of phosphorus limitation to the growth of pico/ nanophytoplankton during bloom events.展开更多
Amphidinium species are amongst the most abundant benthic dinoflagellates in marine intertidal sandy ecosystems.Some of them are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds that can have both harmful effects and ...Amphidinium species are amongst the most abundant benthic dinoflagellates in marine intertidal sandy ecosystems.Some of them are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds that can have both harmful effects and pharmaceutical potentials.The diversity of Amphidinium in shallow waters along the Chinese coast was investigated by isolating single cells from sand,coral,and macroalgal samples collected from 2012 to 2020.Their morphologies were subjected to examination using light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A total of 74 Amphidinium strains were morphologically identified,belonging to 11 species:A.carterae,A.gibbosum,A.operculatum,A.massartii,A.cf.massartii,A.fijiensis,A.pseudomassartii,A.steinii,A.thermaeum,A.theodori,A.tomasii,as well as an undefined species.The last seven species have not been previously reported in Chinese waters.Amphidinium carterae subcladesⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅣwere found in the South China Sea,while subcladeⅢwas only found in the Yellow Sea.Threadlike body scales were observed on the surface of subcladesⅢ and Ⅳ,supporting the idea that A.carterae might contain several different species.Large subunit ribosomal RNA(LSU rRNA)sequencesbased phylogeny revealed two groups(GroupsⅠandⅡ)within Amphidinium,which is consistent with the relative position of sulcus(in touch with cingulum or not).In addition,large differences in morphology and molecular phylogeny between A.operculatum(the type species of Amphidinium)and other species,suggest that a subdivision of Amphidinium might be needed.The pigment profiles of all available strains were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Eleven pigments,including peridinin,diadinoxanthin,diatoxanthin,pheophorbide(and pheophorbide a),antheraxanthin,β-carotene,and four different chlorophylls were detected.The high pheophorbide/pheophorbide a ratio in Amphidinium implies that it may be a good candidate as a natural source of photosensitizers,a well-known anticancer drug.展开更多
This article studied nitric oxide (NO) effect on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus in chemistry for the first time. Nitric oxide was added into the media with 4 different nutrient concentrations f/2, f/50, f/100, a...This article studied nitric oxide (NO) effect on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus in chemistry for the first time. Nitric oxide was added into the media with 4 different nutrient concentrations f/2, f/50, f/100, and f/200 when the alga was growing. The growth of C. curvisetus could be obviously promoted or inhibited during the cultivation process in NO enriched media of different concentrations. The growth curve in such media showed a sharp single peak that is the optimal NO concentration for the alga growth, which is consistent with the influence of NO on the growth of high plants. In addition, C. curvisetus can produce NO by itself during the growth. Therefore, using NO could effectively regulate the algae growth, which is important in real tide control and remediation.展开更多
Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos （Prorocentrales） were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan...Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos （Prorocentrales） were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy, 13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape, size, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of apical platelets, apical pore area, marginal pores, and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides, P. arcuatum, P. scutellum, P. donghaiense, P. balticum, P. minimum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, P. faustiae, and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P, balticum （4.5x103 cells/L）, P. micans （1.1~103 cells/L）, P. gracile/P, sigmoides （2.5 x 102 cells/L） and P. donghaiense （6.6 x 103 cells/L） at temperatures of 29-31 ~C and salinities of 35-40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature （R2=0.27） and negative correlations with salinity （R2=-0.32） except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature （R2=-0.24） and positive with salinity （R2=0.08, 0.19）. The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.展开更多
Objective:To identify the potentially harmful epiphytic Oscillatoriales species and follow up their distribution along Alexandria coast.Methods:Samples were collected bimonthly from April 2009 to February 2010 at thre...Objective:To identify the potentially harmful epiphytic Oscillatoriales species and follow up their distribution along Alexandria coast.Methods:Samples were collected bimonthly from April 2009 to February 2010 at three sites along Alexandria coast.Both morphological and molecular analyses were used for identifying the dominant species.Results:Five species belonging to two families were identified;Oscillatoria acutissima,Oscillatoria nigroviridis,Oscillatoria sp.,Lyngbya majuscule and Phormidium formosum.Their cell density ranged from 10^(3)to 126×10^(3)filament g^(-1)fresh weight macroalgae.The morphological study of the dominant species,Oscillatoria sp.(Oscillatoria sp.W1)showed much similarity with Planktothrix agardhii with no heterocysts and akinetes,while molecular ananlysis(16S rDNA)clustered the species in the same group with Anabaena sp.Conclusions:The 16S rDNA genes are not suitable for identifying Oscillatoriales during the present study and another molecular method should be used instead.展开更多
Objective:To study mortality of copepod Artemia franciscana against the occurrence of harmful marine algae and possible toxicological changes exhibited by binary and tertiary combinations of these harmful algae toxins...Objective:To study mortality of copepod Artemia franciscana against the occurrence of harmful marine algae and possible toxicological changes exhibited by binary and tertiary combinations of these harmful algae toxins.Methods:Tweenty four hours acute toxicity assays were performed with selected concentrations of Alexandrium minutum,Prorocentrum lima and Nitzschia N1c1 living cells.Additionally,the results were analyzed using the median-effect/combination index(CI)-isobologram equation to assess possible changes in the toxic effect induced by phytoplankton functional groups.Results:Biotoxin equivalent values obtained by immunodetection were(2.12±0.10),(8.60±1.30)and(4.32±1.67)pg/cell for saxitoxin,okadaic acid and domoic acid,respectively.The 24-h LC_(50) values estimated to saxitoxin and okadaic acid equivalents were 4.06 and 6.27μg/L,significantly below the value obtained for Nitzschia N1c1,which was established at 467.33μg/L.CI analysis applied on phytoplankton assemblages showed that both ternary mixture as the binary combinations exhibited antagonic action on toxic effects in Artemia nauplii,which were significantly lower than the toxic effect exhibited by each species studied.Conclusions:These results show that,although these harmful algae represent a serious risk to estuarine zooplankton community,the presence of phytoplankton functional groups within the same bloom can reduce the potential risk compared to the expected risk when each of the phytoplankton groups are evaluated individually.展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-208)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821004, U0733006)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2001CB409700)
文摘The toxicity of seven major HAB （harmful algal bloom） species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense （AT-6, non-PSP producer）, Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense （ATHK） and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense （AT-6）, or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense （ATHK） has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LCs0 at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P micans, A. tamarense （AT-6） and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense （ATHK） or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10472077).
文摘Based on the data of phytoplankton concentration and environmental factors in Bohai Bay from May to September in 2003. the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton biomass was analyzed. By analysis of variance, the weather condition was found to have no direct relation with phytoplankton biomass. Correlation coefficients showed that temperature, pH value,the concentrations of silicate and nitrate exhibited linear relationship with phytoplankton biomass.With principal component analysis, pollution types which affected the abundance of phytoplankton included point sources such as municipal and industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and earth＇s surface water. Using multivariate stepwise regression method and taking the correlation analysis results into consideration, a multi-step regression equation was developed to predict the concentration of phytoplankton in September 2003. Combined results show that temperature, pH value, the concentrations of silicate and nitrate are the critical ecological factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass in Bohai Bay.
基金Supported by the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(No.2018FY100207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20104)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23050302)。
文摘To assist the researches of toxic and harmful algae and provide government workers with judgment basis for decision-making related events,we established a biological information management system for toxic and harmful algae in China’s of fshore to assist relevant research.In this study,Karenia mikimotoi was studied as a typical toxic and harmful algae species,and the basic biological information and biogeographic distribution information of K.mikimotoi were systematically studied and collected.In the part of basic biological information,the name,toxin,and molecular characteristic sequence of K.mikimotoi were sorted out by literature searching and website browsing.Through experimental means,the relevant information of morphological identifi cation,pigment composition,and lipid composition were obtained.In the part of biogeographic distribution information,this study sorted out the information of K.mikimotoi,analyzed the characteristics of its occurrence,and completed the standardized construction of biogeographic distribution information.Through the collation of basic biological information and biogeographic distribution information of K.mikimotoi,the standardization of related information was completed,which provided template and method reference for information collection of other toxic and harmful algae species,which was benefi cial to the database analysis and design.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)。
文摘The“harmful algae and algal toxins in coastal waters of China:investigation and database”project(HAATC)is funded(US$2.3 million)by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for 60 months starting on the 1st Jan 2019.Since the 1990s,national projects and other related work have greatly improved harmful algal bloom(HAB)research in China.However,the existing research on HABs is often limited to specific sea areas or specific algal bloom disasters,which is insufficient for understanding the long-term evolution of HAB occurrence under the influence of intensified human activity and global change.The HAATC project intends to determine the overall distribution of marine harmful microalgae and macroalgae,and marine algal toxins(in phytoplankton and shellfish)through a large-scale investigation in the coastal waters of China and continuous investigation in key sea areas.It also aims to observe biotic and abiotic processes during harmful red tides and green tides,and establish an open database and query platform of HABs in China.The research consortium,led by chief scientist Prof.Tian YAN,includes approximately 100 scientists and students.More than 2 years of work have shown the increased distribution of HAB species(including cysts)and algal toxins in China’s coastal waters,the increased occurrence of macroalgae blooms(mainly by Ulva prolifera and Sargassum horneri)in the Southern Yellow Sea,increased amount of causative species being identified due to the use of molecular technologies in taxonomy,and new records of algal toxins such as azaspiracid,cycloimines and neurotoxinsβ-N-methylamino-l-alanine have been detected,which complicates the research in algal toxins and toxicology.Eventually,the project will provide systematic basic data and techniques for the rapid and accurate identification of harmful algae species to support the research,monitoring,and control of harmful algal blooms,as well as seafood safety management in China.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA092001)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C03045-1)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Marine Biotechnology Innovation Team(No.2010R50029-12)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City of China(No.2013A610168)the KC Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Rapid,high-throughput and reliable methods are urgently required to accurately detect and monitor harmful algae,which are responsible for algal blooms,such as red and green tides. In this study,we successfully developed a multiplex PCR-based DNA microarray method capable of detecting nine harmful algal species simultaneously,namely A lexandrium tamarense,Gyrodinium instriatum,Heterosigma akashiwo,Karenia mikimotoi,Prorocentrum donghaiense,Prorocentrum minimum,Ulva compressa,Ulva ohnoi and Ulva prolifera. This method achieved a limit of detection(LOD) of 0.5 ng of genomic DNA(orders of magnitude of the deci-nanogram range) in the tested algae cultures. Altogether,230 field samples from ship ballast waters and seaport waters were used to evaluate the DNA microarray. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the DNA microarray assay in detecting field samples were 96.4% and 90.9%,respectively,relative to conventional morphological methods. This indicated that this high-throughput,automatic,and specific method is well suited for the detection of algae in water samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42176163,31970398,and 32370488)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Nos.2019216 and 2022211)。
文摘Mariculture exerts a direct influence on planktonic eukaryotic microorganisms protists.Previous studies have focused on phytoplankton,while the heterotrophic and parasitic protistan groups are unknown.Currently,in Muping Marine Ranch(MR)which is along the littoral zone of northern Yellow Sea of China,environmental DNA methods were employed to investigate the diversity and seasonal dynamics of near shore planktonic protists in response to mariculture.Through an integrated analysis of functional groups and a comparison to adjacent sea areas,we found a dominance of harmful algae blooms(HAB)species nearshore MR,and a significant reduction in the diversity of planktonic protists including photosynthetic,heterotrophic and parasitic groups.High nutrient and low salinity were suggested to drive the dominance of HAB species nearshore MR,which in return might inhibit predators,saprophytes and algal parasites.Our investigations revealed an Olisthodiscus luteus outbreak in spring,as well as significant seasonal variations in the planktonic protist community,which might be caused by the changes of temperature.The offshore hypoxia reduced the abundance of phytoplankton but increased mixotrophs and animal parasites of the protistan community nearshore MR.This study highlights the influence of mariculture on the overall community function of planktonic protists,and is helpful to assess the mariculture's impact on water health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grants No.2023YFC3208900 and 2023YFC3208904)the Jiangsu Water Resources Conservancy Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2022063).
文摘Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts.In this study,allelopathy tea polyphenols(TPs)andβ-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules,and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed.Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity.When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d,their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99%compared to the control group.Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density,and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules.The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen,pH,and temperature.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.
基金This study was funded by the Director’s Foundation of the Beihai Monitoring Center and the State Oceanic Administration and Chinese Academy of Science (KZCX 2-207).
文摘The combination effect of light, water temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay is studied in this paper. The order of importance of the influence on phytoplankton growth is de- termined as nutrients, water temperature, and light. The influence of these factors unveiled the mechanism of the influence, and revealed the variation process of the nutrients limiting phytoplankton primary production, and of the water temperature influencing the phytoplankton reproduction capacity, and hence influencing the structure of phytoplankton assemblage. Temporal and spatial quantification shows different stages of the influence by wa- ter temperature and nutrients on the phytoplankton growth. Moreover, the authors expatiated the ideal state of the phytoplankton growth and the reason of red tide occurrence. People should consider in their activity the input of nutrient Si first, and then the variation of water temperature, advocating sustainable development manner.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2006AA09Z178,2001AA635090)the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.40706044)
文摘Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel is one of the common harmful algae species in coastal waters of the southeastern China.In this study,sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay(NPA-SH)was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect P. globosa.Results showed that this method had good applicability and validity in analyzing the samples from laboratory cultures and from fields.The linear regression equation for P.globosa was obtained,and the lowest detection number of cells was 1.8×104 c...
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40976075)a Post-Doctoral Fellowship of Inha University,a Grant from the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research,King Saud University and 111 project of China (No. B08049)
文摘The ecological processes and interrelationships between protists,either autotrophic or heterotrophic,and environmental factors in mariculture ponds are largely unknown.This study investigated the temporal dynamics of potentially harmful dinoflagellate,Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,and its relationship to physico-chemical factors and protozoan grazers over a complete cycle in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao,Northern China.P.minimum occurred frequently in low numbers from June to August,followed by a sharp increase from the middle of August,reaching a single maximum peak value of 2.2×105 cells L-1 in October.Temporal variation in abundance was positively correlated with dissolved nitrogen,but showed a significant inverse relationship to abundance of the dominant ciliates,Tintinnopsis lohmanni and Askenasia stellaris.The results provide statistical evidence that the number of P.minimum increased with increasing nitrogen,and the suppression or shortening of algal bloom may be associated with protozoan grazers,such as Tintinnopsis lohmanni,in mariculture ponds.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576119)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020302)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(No.201305003-3)
文摘Abstract Blooms of some pico/nanophytoplankton have occurred frequently along the Qinhuangdao coast since 2009, and it is necessary to identify the critical environmental factors inducing them. In this study, variations in the physical and nutrient characteristics of the seawater were analyzed following the development of local blooms in 2013. The local environmental characteristics were also compared with those of the Changjiang River estuary, China, and the Long Island estuaries in the USA, which are also prone to blooms of special algal species. In Qinhuangdao the local water temperature varied seasonally and rose above 15~C in 2013 early summer, coincident with the water discoloration. The salinity was more than 28 with a variation range of 〈3 throughout the year. Our results suggest that the physical conditions of the Qinhuangdao coastal area were suitable for the explosive proliferation of certain pico/nanophytoplankton, e.g. Aureococcus anophagefferens. The water supporting the bloom was not in a condition of serious eutrophication, but there were relatively high concentrations of reduced nitrogen （especially ammonium）, which acted as an important nitrogen source for the pico/nanophytoplankton bloom. There was also a large gap between total nitrogen （TN） and dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）. Although the phosphate concentration was relatively low, there was no evidence of phosphorus limitation to the growth of pico/ nanophytoplankton during bloom events.
基金Supported by the Scientifi c Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,MNR(No.2017023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41806154,41876173,42076144)+1 种基金the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2018FY100200,2018FY100100)the Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(No.311021004)。
文摘Amphidinium species are amongst the most abundant benthic dinoflagellates in marine intertidal sandy ecosystems.Some of them are able to produce a variety of bioactive compounds that can have both harmful effects and pharmaceutical potentials.The diversity of Amphidinium in shallow waters along the Chinese coast was investigated by isolating single cells from sand,coral,and macroalgal samples collected from 2012 to 2020.Their morphologies were subjected to examination using light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).A total of 74 Amphidinium strains were morphologically identified,belonging to 11 species:A.carterae,A.gibbosum,A.operculatum,A.massartii,A.cf.massartii,A.fijiensis,A.pseudomassartii,A.steinii,A.thermaeum,A.theodori,A.tomasii,as well as an undefined species.The last seven species have not been previously reported in Chinese waters.Amphidinium carterae subcladesⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅣwere found in the South China Sea,while subcladeⅢwas only found in the Yellow Sea.Threadlike body scales were observed on the surface of subcladesⅢ and Ⅳ,supporting the idea that A.carterae might contain several different species.Large subunit ribosomal RNA(LSU rRNA)sequencesbased phylogeny revealed two groups(GroupsⅠandⅡ)within Amphidinium,which is consistent with the relative position of sulcus(in touch with cingulum or not).In addition,large differences in morphology and molecular phylogeny between A.operculatum(the type species of Amphidinium)and other species,suggest that a subdivision of Amphidinium might be needed.The pigment profiles of all available strains were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Eleven pigments,including peridinin,diadinoxanthin,diatoxanthin,pheophorbide(and pheophorbide a),antheraxanthin,β-carotene,and four different chlorophylls were detected.The high pheophorbide/pheophorbide a ratio in Amphidinium implies that it may be a good candidate as a natural source of photosensitizers,a well-known anticancer drug.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40076020, 40376022). Major Programs of National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (No.40190263), Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program, No.2001CB409703) and the Research Fund for Doctoral Program for Higher Education (No. 20030423007).
文摘This article studied nitric oxide (NO) effect on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus in chemistry for the first time. Nitric oxide was added into the media with 4 different nutrient concentrations f/2, f/50, f/100, and f/200 when the alga was growing. The growth of C. curvisetus could be obviously promoted or inhibited during the cultivation process in NO enriched media of different concentrations. The growth curve in such media showed a sharp single peak that is the optimal NO concentration for the alga growth, which is consistent with the influence of NO on the growth of high plants. In addition, C. curvisetus can produce NO by itself during the growth. Therefore, using NO could effectively regulate the algae growth, which is important in real tide control and remediation.
基金Supported by Scholarship (IRSIP) of Higher Education Commission,Islamabad,Pakistan for Doctoral student Miss.Sonia Munir
文摘Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos （Prorocentrales） were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy, 13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape, size, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of apical platelets, apical pore area, marginal pores, and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides, P. arcuatum, P. scutellum, P. donghaiense, P. balticum, P. minimum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, P. faustiae, and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P, balticum （4.5x103 cells/L）, P. micans （1.1~103 cells/L）, P. gracile/P, sigmoides （2.5 x 102 cells/L） and P. donghaiense （6.6 x 103 cells/L） at temperatures of 29-31 ~C and salinities of 35-40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature （R2=0.27） and negative correlations with salinity （R2=-0.32） except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature （R2=-0.24） and positive with salinity （R2=0.08, 0.19）. The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region.
基金Supported by University of Tanta(Grant No.2009/2013).
文摘Objective:To identify the potentially harmful epiphytic Oscillatoriales species and follow up their distribution along Alexandria coast.Methods:Samples were collected bimonthly from April 2009 to February 2010 at three sites along Alexandria coast.Both morphological and molecular analyses were used for identifying the dominant species.Results:Five species belonging to two families were identified;Oscillatoria acutissima,Oscillatoria nigroviridis,Oscillatoria sp.,Lyngbya majuscule and Phormidium formosum.Their cell density ranged from 10^(3)to 126×10^(3)filament g^(-1)fresh weight macroalgae.The morphological study of the dominant species,Oscillatoria sp.(Oscillatoria sp.W1)showed much similarity with Planktothrix agardhii with no heterocysts and akinetes,while molecular ananlysis(16S rDNA)clustered the species in the same group with Anabaena sp.Conclusions:The 16S rDNA genes are not suitable for identifying Oscillatoriales during the present study and another molecular method should be used instead.
基金Supported by Spanish Government(CTM2012-34757)the Mexican UMSNH University(CIC/11/301).
文摘Objective:To study mortality of copepod Artemia franciscana against the occurrence of harmful marine algae and possible toxicological changes exhibited by binary and tertiary combinations of these harmful algae toxins.Methods:Tweenty four hours acute toxicity assays were performed with selected concentrations of Alexandrium minutum,Prorocentrum lima and Nitzschia N1c1 living cells.Additionally,the results were analyzed using the median-effect/combination index(CI)-isobologram equation to assess possible changes in the toxic effect induced by phytoplankton functional groups.Results:Biotoxin equivalent values obtained by immunodetection were(2.12±0.10),(8.60±1.30)and(4.32±1.67)pg/cell for saxitoxin,okadaic acid and domoic acid,respectively.The 24-h LC_(50) values estimated to saxitoxin and okadaic acid equivalents were 4.06 and 6.27μg/L,significantly below the value obtained for Nitzschia N1c1,which was established at 467.33μg/L.CI analysis applied on phytoplankton assemblages showed that both ternary mixture as the binary combinations exhibited antagonic action on toxic effects in Artemia nauplii,which were significantly lower than the toxic effect exhibited by each species studied.Conclusions:These results show that,although these harmful algae represent a serious risk to estuarine zooplankton community,the presence of phytoplankton functional groups within the same bloom can reduce the potential risk compared to the expected risk when each of the phytoplankton groups are evaluated individually.
