Pitch is an excellent precursor for the production of hard carbon,with pre-oxidation crucial process in the fabrication.The structural changes in the different molecular components of pitch during thermochemical treat...Pitch is an excellent precursor for the production of hard carbon,with pre-oxidation crucial process in the fabrication.The structural changes in the different molecular components of pitch during thermochemical treatment are a key factor in determining the sodium-ion storage of pitchbased hard carbon anodes.We investigated the effects of the different molecular structures in the asphaltene precursor,including aromatic rings and aliphatic chains,on the sodiumion storage behavior of the resulting carbon.We found that polar oxygen functional groups limit the steric hindrance caused by the aromatic rings in pitch,and thus facilitate the introduction of cross-linked structures.During high-temperature carbonization,aromatic rings form a rigid carbon framework that prevents the rearrangement of ordered carbon layers,leading to a short-range disordered carbon structure and promotes the production of closed pores.For example,a material prepared from asphaltene,which contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups and macromolecular aromatic rings,using pre-oxidation at 300℃ and carbonization at 1200℃ had a reversible capacity of 316.7 mAh g^(−1) when used as the anode for sodium ion batteries.Our research provides a theoretical basis for the selection of raw materials for the development of high-quality pitch-based hard carbons.展开更多
The molten CaCl_(2)−CaMoO_(4) system was investigated,and the electrodeposition of protective Mo coatings on Ni plates was demonstrated.The results confirm the high solubility of solid CaMoO_(4) and the electrochemica...The molten CaCl_(2)−CaMoO_(4) system was investigated,and the electrodeposition of protective Mo coatings on Ni plates was demonstrated.The results confirm the high solubility of solid CaMoO_(4) and the electrochemical reactivity of MoO_(4)^(2-)ions in molten CaCl_(2).The eutectic temperature and composition of the system are identified as 1021 K and 4.74 wt.%CaMoO_(4),respectively.Under constant-current electrolysis conditions of−10 mA/cm^(2) at 1123 K,uniform and dense Mo coatings are obtained on Ni plates with up to 90.31%efficiency.Increasing the current density raises the overpotential,leading to refined grains and decreased roughness.The Mo-coated Ni plate exhibits a significant improvement in hardness and corrosion resistance.Microhardness increases from HV 46.00 to HV 215.10 after coating,and the corrosion rate in a 20 wt.%NaCl solution at room temperature decreases to 0.1%that of the bare plate.These findings enhance our understanding of the molten CaCl_(2)–CaMoO_(4) system and emphasize the potential of innovative Mo coating technologies.展开更多
In current research,Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass-ceramics were prepared by conventional meltquenching and subsequent heat treatment method.The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)content on microstructures,thermal properties,cry...In current research,Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass-ceramics were prepared by conventional meltquenching and subsequent heat treatment method.The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)content on microstructures,thermal properties,crystallization behaviours and mechanical properties were investigated.FTIR,Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy microstructure analysis showed that the silico-oxygen network was damaged,while the increase of[AlO_(4)]content repaired the glass network,and finally made the glass network have better connectivity,with the decrease of SiO_(2).The thermal analysis confirmed the increasing glass transition and crystallization temperatures from growing Al_(2)O_(3)content.In addition,different crystal phases can be precipitated in the glass matrix,such as LiAlSi_(4)O_(10),Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) in glass with low Al_(2)O_(3)content,the combination of Li_xAl_xSi_(1-x)O_(2),LiAlSi_(3)O_(8),Li_(2)SiO_(3)in glass with intermediate Al_(2)O_(3)content,and the combination of LiAlSi_(2)O_(6),SiO_(2)in glass with high Al_(2)O_(3)content.The hardness of as-prepared glass gradually increases with the increase of the Al_(2)O_(3)content.The Vickers hardness of the glass-ceramics is highly dependent on the Al_(2)O_(3)content in the glass and the heat treatment temperatures,reaching a maximum of 10.11 GPa.Scanning electron microscope images show that the crystals change from spherical to massive and finally to sheet.The change of glass structure,crystal phase and morphology is the main reason for the different mechanical properties.展开更多
To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and ch...To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and chopper)cutters.Rock mechanics,drillability,and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone:average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa,tensile strength of 7.092 MPa,and drillability of 7.866.We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method(FDIEM)to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone.The simulation results indicated the following:(1)The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter.(2)Compared with the cylindrical cutter,the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy,with reductions of 8.71%and 33.83%,respectively.This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation.Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock,which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings.(3)The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings,thereby achieving high cutting stability.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration(ROP)in deep hard rock formations.展开更多
This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-a...This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-assisted junction termination extension(RA-JTE),multiple floating zone JTE(MFZ-JTE),and field limiting rings(FLR)were fabricated and irradiated with45 Me V protons at fluences ranging from 1×10^(12) to 1×10^(14) cm^(-2).Experimental results,supported by TCAD simulations,show that the RA-JTE structure maintained stable breakdown performance with less than 1%variation due to its effective electric field redistribution by multiple P+rings.In contrast,MFZ-JTE and FLR exhibit breakdown voltage shifts of 6.1%and 15.2%,respectively,under the highest fluence.These results demonstrate the superior radiation tolerance of the RA-JTE structure under TID conditions and provide practical design guidance for radiation-hardened Si C power devices in space and other highradiation environments.展开更多
Coal-derived hard carbon(HC)represents a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness and high carbon yield.However,conventional carbonization induces excessive graphitization,yiel...Coal-derived hard carbon(HC)represents a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness and high carbon yield.However,conventional carbonization induces excessive graphitization,yielding insufficient interlayer spacing(d_(002)<0.37 nm)and underdeveloped closed pores.Herein,we propose a dynamic crystallization control strategy through carbothermal shock treatment(1300°C,30 s)that decouples thermodynamic and kinetic constraints.This method precisely modulates graphite domain ordering kinetics,producing short-range ordered structures with expanded interlayer spacing(d_(002)=0.385 nm)and homogeneously distributed closed nanopores.Through combined in situ characterization and first-principles calculations,we elucidate a three-stage crystallization mechanism:(i)amorphous carbon transformation,(ii)open-pore collapse,and(iii)pseudo-graphitic ordering.The optimized HC achieves record performance with 88.6%initial Coulombic efficiency and 204 mA h g^(−1)plateau capacity,while its optimal interlayer spacing lowers Na+diffusion barriers to enable exceptional rate capability(221 mA h g^(−1)at 0.5C after 300 cycles).Practical pouch cells maintain 85%capacity retention after 100 cycles at−20°C and deliver 284 Wh kg^(−1)energy density.This work establishes a kinetic regulation paradigm for graphitization-prone precursors,advancing the rational design of high-performance HC anodes.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)remains a leading anode candidate for sodium-ion storage,yet its application is hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and limited plateau capacity due to uncontrolled defect density and open ...Hard carbon(HC)remains a leading anode candidate for sodium-ion storage,yet its application is hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and limited plateau capacity due to uncontrolled defect density and open porosity.Here,we propose a scalable dual-regulation strategy that simultaneously tunes pore mouth size and defect chemistry to enhance sodium storage performance.Using phenol-formaldehyde resin as the carbon precursor and phosphorus pentoxide(P_(2)O_(5))as a bifunctional sacrificial template and dopant source,we synthesize phosphorus-functionalized hard carbon(PF-PHC)featuring a high density of closed pores with well-confined sub-nanometer pore entrances.The in-situ sublimation of P_(2)O_(5) during pyrolysis promotes the formation of closed-pore architectures,while residual phosphorus atoms effectively passivate vacancy-type defects,thereby reducing irreversible Na+adsorption and mitigating excessive solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation.As a result,PF-PHC achieves an ICE of 89.3%and a plateau capacity of 289 mAh g^(−1).In-situ characterizations reveal that regulating pore mouth dimensions decouples Na+and solvent access,enabling highly selective ion transport and stable interfacial chemistry.Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs)assembled based on PF-PHC deliver exceptional rate performance and outstanding long-term cycling stability,retaining 98.2%after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).This study establishes pore mouth engineering as a robust and scalable design principle for advancing next-generation HC-based sodium storage materials.展开更多
There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation c...There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation capabilities.The construction of HC cathodes with more available functional groups and ordered carbon nanocrystal structures is essential for improving K^(+)storage efficiency.Herein,a new perspective is proposed for synthesizing hard carbon nanosheets(HCNS)with abundant hydroxyl groups(O-H)/carboxylic groups(O-C=O)and rational carbon nanocrystals by interfacial assembly and carbonization.Systematic in ex-situ observations,dynamic analysis and theory calculations elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability of HCNS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of abundant available functional groups and ordered graphitic microcrystalline.Consequently,the HCNS exhibits outstanding K^(+)storage capabilities in terms of superb energy density(146.2 Wh/kg),high power density(1,7800 Wh/kg),and ultralong lifespan(102.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).It was also found that the HC structure correlates with the discharge/charge plateau,confirming the'adsorption-insertion'charge storage mechanism.Furthermore,the proposed work provides a theoretical basis for making high-performance HC anodes by understanding the effect of their microstructure on K^(+)storage.展开更多
Hard carbon is a vital anode material for sodium-ion batteries;however,the nonuniform growth of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film substantially diminishes its initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycle life.The ch...Hard carbon is a vital anode material for sodium-ion batteries;however,the nonuniform growth of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film substantially diminishes its initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycle life.The chemical and morphological properties of surface highly influence the electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions.In this study,we have tuned orbital hybridization states forming an interface enriched with sp^(2) hybridized carbon(sp^(2)-C),which decreases the binding energy to solvent molecules and inhibits excessive solvent decomposition during SEI formation.Benefiting from successfully constructed inorganic-rich SEI,the ICE increased to 91%and sodium storage capacity reached 346 mAh/g.Besides,the capacity retention rate was 90.7%after 700 cycles at 1 A/g higher than pristine electrode(83.8%).展开更多
Irradiating hard rocks by a high-power laser can reduce localized hardness in the rocks;however,continuous lasers produce a large amount of melt that inhibits further heat absorption.Pulsed lasers allow rocks to absor...Irradiating hard rocks by a high-power laser can reduce localized hardness in the rocks;however,continuous lasers produce a large amount of melt that inhibits further heat absorption.Pulsed lasers allow rocks to absorb and dissipate energy and avoid melt formation.In this study,200 W nanosecond pulsed laser was used to irradiate granite.The effects of laser parameters on the thermal cracking morphology,temperature field,warming pattern,and Leeb hardness of the granite surface were analyzed.The optimal laser parameters for softening granite were determined by performing objective optimization in MATLAB using granite's melting point as the reference.Nanoindentation techniques were employed to assess the softening characteristics of the granite surface along the longitudinal direction.The results showed that three main forms of thermal damage occurred on the granite surface:oxidative decomposition,spalling,and melting.The damage state was affected by the average laser power,with the pulse width and repetition frequency affecting surface damage differently.Appropriate laser parameters effectively controlled the melt damage on the granite surface,and irradiation with nanosecond pulsed lasers effectively reduced surface hardness.However,excessive power can generate large amounts of hard melts and weaken the softening effect.展开更多
Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventi...Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs.Herein,we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures.Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn^(2+)-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species,which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics;meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores,which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity.As a result,the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material(MEC_(3))tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g^(-1)even at 1 C,among the highest reported values.Consequently,the MEC_(3)||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate,maintaining 80.6%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,among the best reports.This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
[目的]探讨Mako机器人辅助经改良Harding入路全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的治疗效果及安全性。[方法]回顾性分析本院2021年4月—2023年5月行THA的48例患者的资料。根据手术前医患沟通结果,24例采用Mako机器人辅助下THA...[目的]探讨Mako机器人辅助经改良Harding入路全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的治疗效果及安全性。[方法]回顾性分析本院2021年4月—2023年5月行THA的48例患者的资料。根据手术前医患沟通结果,24例采用Mako机器人辅助下THA(机器人组),另外24例采用经改良Harding入路常规徒手THA(徒手组)。比较两组患者围手术期、随访结果及影像评估资料。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成改良Harding入路THA,机器人组的手术时间[min,(102.6±15.7)vs(83.7±16.8),P<0.001]和术中出血量[mL,(279.7±35.1)vs(212.5±29.6),P<0.001]均显著大于徒手组,两组患者术后引流量、住院天数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后平均随访(20.8±8.5)个月。随时间推移,两组患者VAS评分、Harris评分、最大伸髋和最大屈髋活动度(range of motion,ROM)、最大内收和最大外展ROM均显著改善(P<0.05)。术后1周机器人组的VAS评分[分,M(P25,P75),2.0(2.0,4.0)vs 3.5(3.0,5.0),P<0.001]、最大屈髋[°,(74.5±9.0)vs(66.5±10.4),P=0.006]、最大内收[°,(18.5±6.2)vs(7.0±1.6),P<0.001]显著优于徒手组;术后1周和术后3个月机器人组的Harris评分[分,(75.1±4.9)vs(68.3±5.1),P<0.001;(84.8±4.9)vs(78.3±4.5),P<0.001]、最大伸髋[°,(20.5±5.3)vs(12.5±5.6),P<0.001;(31.0±3.6)vs(24.1±4.5),P<0.001]、最大外展[°,(26.2±3.3)vs(21.5±4.8),P<0.001;(33.4±3.8)vs(27.8±4.3),P<0.001]显著优于徒手组,但是,末次随访时两组间上述指标的差异均已无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影像方面,机器人组的术后双下肢长度差异(leg length discrepancy,LLD)[mm,(4.9±1.0)vs(8.1±1.4),P<0.001]和双侧联合偏心距(combined offset,CO)差值(■CO)的绝对值[mm,(1.5±0.5)vs(3.5±0.6),P<0.001]、髋臼假体外展角[°,(40.3±1.7)vs(45.3±4.1),P<0.001]和前倾角[°,(15.9±1.2)vs(18.8±3.6),P<0.001]均显著小于徒手组。[结论]与常规徒手THA相比,Mako机器人辅助下改良Harding入路THA假体置放更精准,早期治疗效果更优,但机器人技术的手术时间较长且术中失血量更大。展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy t...Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.展开更多
Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high ...Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high BET and surface defects.Additionally,the sodium storage mechanism predominantly occurs in the slope region.This contradicts practical application requirements because the capacity of the plateau region is crucial for determining the actual capacity of batteries.In our work,we prepared a novel“core-shell”carbon framework(CNA1200).Introducingclosedporesand carboxylgroupsinto coal-basedcarbon materials to enhance its sodium storage performance.The closed pore structure dominates in the“core”structure,which is attributed to the timely removal of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)to prevent further for-mation of active carbon structure.The presence of closed pores is beneficial for increasing sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region.And the“shell”structure originates from coal tar pitch,it not only uniformly connects hard carbon particles together to improve cycling stability,but is also rich in carboxyl groups to enhance the reversible sodium storage performance in slope region.CNA1200 has ex-cellent electrochemical performance,it exhibits a specific capacity of 335.2 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(−1)with ICE=51.53%.In addition,CNA1200 has outstanding cycling stability with a capac-ity retention of 91.8%even when cycling over 200 times.When CNA1200 is used as anode paired with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,it demonstrates a capacity of 109.54 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 94.64%at 0.5 C.This work provides valuable methods for regulating the structure of sodium-ion battery(SIBs)anode and enhances the potential for commercialization.展开更多
Biomass-derived hard carbon is becoming promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)thanks to their resource abundance.Yet,it is a big challenge to improve the charge carrier kinetics of the disordered carbon la...Biomass-derived hard carbon is becoming promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)thanks to their resource abundance.Yet,it is a big challenge to improve the charge carrier kinetics of the disordered carbon lattice in hard carbon.Herein,confined pitch-based soft carbon in pollen-derived hard carbon(PSC/PHC)is synthesized by vapor deposition strategy as anodes for PIBs.The ordered pitch-based soft carbon compensates for the short-range electron conduction in hard carbon to enhance the charge transfer kinetics,and the externally disordered pollen-derived hard carbon alleviates the volume change of soft carbon during cycling.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of soft and hard carbon,as well as the reinforced structure of order-in-disordered carbon,the PSC/PHC obtained with deposition time of 0.5 h(PSC/PHC-0.5)displays an excellent rate capability(148.7 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))and superb cycling stability(70%retention over 2000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)).This work offers a unique insight in tuning the microcrystalline structure of soft-hard carbon anode for advanced PIBs.展开更多
Hard carbon (HC) has been considered as promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).The optimization of hard carbon’s microstructure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) property are demonstrated effect...Hard carbon (HC) has been considered as promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).The optimization of hard carbon’s microstructure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) property are demonstrated effective in enhancing the Na+storage capability,however,a one-step regulation strategy to achieve simultaneous multi-scale structures optimization is highly desirable.Herein,we have systematically investigated the effects of boron doping on hard carbon’s microstructure and interface chemistry.A variety of structure characterizations show that appropriate amount of boron doping can increase the size of closed pores via rearrangement of carbon layers with improved graphitization degree,which provides more Na+storage sites.In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTIR/EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrate the presence of more BC3and less B–C–O structures that result in enhanced ion diffusion kinetics and the formation of inorganic rich and robust SEI,which leads to facilitated charge transfer and excellent rate performance.As a result,the hard carbon anode with optimized boron doping content exhibits enhanced rate and cycling performance.In general,this work unravels the critical role of boron doping in optimizing the pore structure,interface chemistry and diffusion kinetics of hard carbon,which enables rational design of sodium-ion battery anode with enhanced Na+storage performance.展开更多
Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but a...Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but they face challenges in balancing rate capability,specific capacity,and initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Direct pyrolysis of the precursor...Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but they face challenges in balancing rate capability,specific capacity,and initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Direct pyrolysis of the precursor often fails to create a suitable structure for sodium-ion storage.Molecular-level control of graphitization with open channels for Na^(+)ions is crucial for high-performance hard carbon,whereas closed pores play a key role in improving the low-voltage(<0.1 V)plateau capacity of hard carbon anodes for SIBs.However,creation of these closed pores presents significant challenges.This work proposes a zinc gluconate-assisted catalytic carbonization strategy to regulate graphitization and create numerous nanopores simultaneously.As the temperature increases,trace amounts of zinc remain as single atoms in the hard carbon,featuring a uniform coordination structure.This mitigates the risk of electrochemically irreversible sites and enhances sodium-ion transport rates.The resulting hard carbon shows an excellent reversible capacity of 348.5 mAh g^(-1) at 30 mA g^(-1) and a high ICE of 92.84%.Furthermore,a sodium storage mechanism involving“adsorption-intercalation-pore filling”is elucidated,providing insights into the pore structure and dynamic pore-filling process.展开更多
The pore structure and pseudo-graphitic phase(domain size and content)of a hard carbon anode play key roles in improving the plateau capacity of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),while it is hard to regulate them effectively...The pore structure and pseudo-graphitic phase(domain size and content)of a hard carbon anode play key roles in improving the plateau capacity of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),while it is hard to regulate them effectively and simultaneously.This study delves into the synthesis of hard carbons with tailored microstructures from esterified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na).The hard carbon(EHC-500)with maximized pseudo-graphitic content(73%)and abundant uniformly dispersed closed pores was fabricated,which provides sufficient active sites for sodium ion intercalation and pore filling.Furthermore,minimized lateral width(L_(a))of pseudo-graphitic domains in EHC-500 is simultaneously realized to improve the accessibility of sodium ions to the intercalation sites and filling sites.Therefore,the optimized microstructure of EHC-500 contributes to a remarkable reversible capacity of 340 mAh/g with a high plateau capacity of 236.7 mAh/g(below 0.08 V).These findings underscore the pivotal role of microcrystalline structure and pore structure in the electrochemical performance of hard carbons and provide a novel route to guide the design of hard carbons with optimal microstructures towards enhanced sodium storage performance.展开更多
文摘Pitch is an excellent precursor for the production of hard carbon,with pre-oxidation crucial process in the fabrication.The structural changes in the different molecular components of pitch during thermochemical treatment are a key factor in determining the sodium-ion storage of pitchbased hard carbon anodes.We investigated the effects of the different molecular structures in the asphaltene precursor,including aromatic rings and aliphatic chains,on the sodiumion storage behavior of the resulting carbon.We found that polar oxygen functional groups limit the steric hindrance caused by the aromatic rings in pitch,and thus facilitate the introduction of cross-linked structures.During high-temperature carbonization,aromatic rings form a rigid carbon framework that prevents the rearrangement of ordered carbon layers,leading to a short-range disordered carbon structure and promotes the production of closed pores.For example,a material prepared from asphaltene,which contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups and macromolecular aromatic rings,using pre-oxidation at 300℃ and carbonization at 1200℃ had a reversible capacity of 316.7 mAh g^(−1) when used as the anode for sodium ion batteries.Our research provides a theoretical basis for the selection of raw materials for the development of high-quality pitch-based hard carbons.
基金supported by Research Center for Industries of the Future(No.WU2022C034)at Westlake University,China。
文摘The molten CaCl_(2)−CaMoO_(4) system was investigated,and the electrodeposition of protective Mo coatings on Ni plates was demonstrated.The results confirm the high solubility of solid CaMoO_(4) and the electrochemical reactivity of MoO_(4)^(2-)ions in molten CaCl_(2).The eutectic temperature and composition of the system are identified as 1021 K and 4.74 wt.%CaMoO_(4),respectively.Under constant-current electrolysis conditions of−10 mA/cm^(2) at 1123 K,uniform and dense Mo coatings are obtained on Ni plates with up to 90.31%efficiency.Increasing the current density raises the overpotential,leading to refined grains and decreased roughness.The Mo-coated Ni plate exhibits a significant improvement in hardness and corrosion resistance.Microhardness increases from HV 46.00 to HV 215.10 after coating,and the corrosion rate in a 20 wt.%NaCl solution at room temperature decreases to 0.1%that of the bare plate.These findings enhance our understanding of the molten CaCl_(2)–CaMoO_(4) system and emphasize the potential of innovative Mo coating technologies.
基金Funded by the National Key Research Program(No.2024-1129-954-112)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372033)Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA24263054)。
文摘In current research,Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)glass-ceramics were prepared by conventional meltquenching and subsequent heat treatment method.The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)content on microstructures,thermal properties,crystallization behaviours and mechanical properties were investigated.FTIR,Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy microstructure analysis showed that the silico-oxygen network was damaged,while the increase of[AlO_(4)]content repaired the glass network,and finally made the glass network have better connectivity,with the decrease of SiO_(2).The thermal analysis confirmed the increasing glass transition and crystallization temperatures from growing Al_(2)O_(3)content.In addition,different crystal phases can be precipitated in the glass matrix,such as LiAlSi_(4)O_(10),Li_(2)Si_(2)O_(5) in glass with low Al_(2)O_(3)content,the combination of Li_xAl_xSi_(1-x)O_(2),LiAlSi_(3)O_(8),Li_(2)SiO_(3)in glass with intermediate Al_(2)O_(3)content,and the combination of LiAlSi_(2)O_(6),SiO_(2)in glass with high Al_(2)O_(3)content.The hardness of as-prepared glass gradually increases with the increase of the Al_(2)O_(3)content.The Vickers hardness of the glass-ceramics is highly dependent on the Al_(2)O_(3)content in the glass and the heat treatment temperatures,reaching a maximum of 10.11 GPa.Scanning electron microscope images show that the crystals change from spherical to massive and finally to sheet.The change of glass structure,crystal phase and morphology is the main reason for the different mechanical properties.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD1008300)the Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52327803).
文摘To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and chopper)cutters.Rock mechanics,drillability,and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone:average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa,tensile strength of 7.092 MPa,and drillability of 7.866.We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method(FDIEM)to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone.The simulation results indicated the following:(1)The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter.(2)Compared with the cylindrical cutter,the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy,with reductions of 8.71%and 33.83%,respectively.This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation.Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock,which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings.(3)The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings,thereby achieving high cutting stability.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration(ROP)in deep hard rock formations.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2025-RS-2024-00438288)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)+1 种基金National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the MSIT(Aerospace Semiconductor Strategy Research Project No.GTL25051-000)supported by the IC Design Education Center(IDEC),Korea。
文摘This work presents a systematic analysis of proton-induced total ionizing dose(TID)effects in 1.2 k V silicon carbide(SiC)power devices with various edge termination structures.Three edge terminations including ring-assisted junction termination extension(RA-JTE),multiple floating zone JTE(MFZ-JTE),and field limiting rings(FLR)were fabricated and irradiated with45 Me V protons at fluences ranging from 1×10^(12) to 1×10^(14) cm^(-2).Experimental results,supported by TCAD simulations,show that the RA-JTE structure maintained stable breakdown performance with less than 1%variation due to its effective electric field redistribution by multiple P+rings.In contrast,MFZ-JTE and FLR exhibit breakdown voltage shifts of 6.1%and 15.2%,respectively,under the highest fluence.These results demonstrate the superior radiation tolerance of the RA-JTE structure under TID conditions and provide practical design guidance for radiation-hardened Si C power devices in space and other highradiation environments.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Lithium Resources Comprehensive Utilization and New Lithium Based Materials for Advanced Battery Technology(LRMKF202405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402226)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1016).
文摘Coal-derived hard carbon(HC)represents a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness and high carbon yield.However,conventional carbonization induces excessive graphitization,yielding insufficient interlayer spacing(d_(002)<0.37 nm)and underdeveloped closed pores.Herein,we propose a dynamic crystallization control strategy through carbothermal shock treatment(1300°C,30 s)that decouples thermodynamic and kinetic constraints.This method precisely modulates graphite domain ordering kinetics,producing short-range ordered structures with expanded interlayer spacing(d_(002)=0.385 nm)and homogeneously distributed closed nanopores.Through combined in situ characterization and first-principles calculations,we elucidate a three-stage crystallization mechanism:(i)amorphous carbon transformation,(ii)open-pore collapse,and(iii)pseudo-graphitic ordering.The optimized HC achieves record performance with 88.6%initial Coulombic efficiency and 204 mA h g^(−1)plateau capacity,while its optimal interlayer spacing lowers Na+diffusion barriers to enable exceptional rate capability(221 mA h g^(−1)at 0.5C after 300 cycles).Practical pouch cells maintain 85%capacity retention after 100 cycles at−20°C and deliver 284 Wh kg^(−1)energy density.This work establishes a kinetic regulation paradigm for graphitization-prone precursors,advancing the rational design of high-performance HC anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22269020,U23A20582,42167068)the Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project(2023CYZC-17)+1 种基金2024 Major Cultivation Project for University Research and Innovation Platforms(2024CXPT-10)the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(25JRRA004).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)remains a leading anode candidate for sodium-ion storage,yet its application is hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and limited plateau capacity due to uncontrolled defect density and open porosity.Here,we propose a scalable dual-regulation strategy that simultaneously tunes pore mouth size and defect chemistry to enhance sodium storage performance.Using phenol-formaldehyde resin as the carbon precursor and phosphorus pentoxide(P_(2)O_(5))as a bifunctional sacrificial template and dopant source,we synthesize phosphorus-functionalized hard carbon(PF-PHC)featuring a high density of closed pores with well-confined sub-nanometer pore entrances.The in-situ sublimation of P_(2)O_(5) during pyrolysis promotes the formation of closed-pore architectures,while residual phosphorus atoms effectively passivate vacancy-type defects,thereby reducing irreversible Na+adsorption and mitigating excessive solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation.As a result,PF-PHC achieves an ICE of 89.3%and a plateau capacity of 289 mAh g^(−1).In-situ characterizations reveal that regulating pore mouth dimensions decouples Na+and solvent access,enabling highly selective ion transport and stable interfacial chemistry.Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs)assembled based on PF-PHC deliver exceptional rate performance and outstanding long-term cycling stability,retaining 98.2%after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).This study establishes pore mouth engineering as a robust and scalable design principle for advancing next-generation HC-based sodium storage materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22269020,42167068,U23A20582)Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project(No.2023CYZC-17)2024 Major Cultivation Projectfor University Research and Innovation Platforms(No.2024CXPT-10).
文摘There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation capabilities.The construction of HC cathodes with more available functional groups and ordered carbon nanocrystal structures is essential for improving K^(+)storage efficiency.Herein,a new perspective is proposed for synthesizing hard carbon nanosheets(HCNS)with abundant hydroxyl groups(O-H)/carboxylic groups(O-C=O)and rational carbon nanocrystals by interfacial assembly and carbonization.Systematic in ex-situ observations,dynamic analysis and theory calculations elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability of HCNS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of abundant available functional groups and ordered graphitic microcrystalline.Consequently,the HCNS exhibits outstanding K^(+)storage capabilities in terms of superb energy density(146.2 Wh/kg),high power density(1,7800 Wh/kg),and ultralong lifespan(102.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).It was also found that the HC structure correlates with the discharge/charge plateau,confirming the'adsorption-insertion'charge storage mechanism.Furthermore,the proposed work provides a theoretical basis for making high-performance HC anodes by understanding the effect of their microstructure on K^(+)storage.
基金support from the Heilongjiang Province"Double First Class"Discipline Collaborative Innovation Project(No.LJGXCG2023-061).
文摘Hard carbon is a vital anode material for sodium-ion batteries;however,the nonuniform growth of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film substantially diminishes its initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycle life.The chemical and morphological properties of surface highly influence the electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions.In this study,we have tuned orbital hybridization states forming an interface enriched with sp^(2) hybridized carbon(sp^(2)-C),which decreases the binding energy to solvent molecules and inhibits excessive solvent decomposition during SEI formation.Benefiting from successfully constructed inorganic-rich SEI,the ICE increased to 91%and sodium storage capacity reached 346 mAh/g.Besides,the capacity retention rate was 90.7%after 700 cycles at 1 A/g higher than pristine electrode(83.8%).
基金Project(52378425)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1053320221044)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Irradiating hard rocks by a high-power laser can reduce localized hardness in the rocks;however,continuous lasers produce a large amount of melt that inhibits further heat absorption.Pulsed lasers allow rocks to absorb and dissipate energy and avoid melt formation.In this study,200 W nanosecond pulsed laser was used to irradiate granite.The effects of laser parameters on the thermal cracking morphology,temperature field,warming pattern,and Leeb hardness of the granite surface were analyzed.The optimal laser parameters for softening granite were determined by performing objective optimization in MATLAB using granite's melting point as the reference.Nanoindentation techniques were employed to assess the softening characteristics of the granite surface along the longitudinal direction.The results showed that three main forms of thermal damage occurred on the granite surface:oxidative decomposition,spalling,and melting.The damage state was affected by the average laser power,with the pulse width and repetition frequency affecting surface damage differently.Appropriate laser parameters effectively controlled the melt damage on the granite surface,and irradiation with nanosecond pulsed lasers effectively reduced surface hardness.However,excessive power can generate large amounts of hard melts and weaken the softening effect.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2402600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125105,52572282,52472269,52273312,22309200)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010201,2024A1515012379,2024A1515011670,2023A1515011519)Guangdong Special Support Program Outstanding Young Talents in Science and Technology Innovation(2021TQ05L894)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JSGG20220831104004008,SGDX20230116092055008,KCXST20221021111606016)the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation(B49G680115).
文摘Sodium-based dual-ion batteries(SDIBs)have been attracting increasing attention in recent years owing to their low cost,environmental benignancy,and high operating voltage.However,the sluggish ion kinetics of conventional carbon anodes that cannot match the fast capacitive anion intercalation behavior of graphite cathodes constraints on improving power density of SDIBs.Herein,we present an ingenious carbon microdomain engineering strategy to fabricate high-performance carbon anode with ion-mediated high-activity nitrogen species and molecular-scale closed-pore architectures.Experimental characterizations and theoretical investigations demonstrate that Zn^(2+)-mediated structural engineering tailors oxidized nitrogen species,which proficiently accelerate the sodium-ion desolvation kinetics;meanwhile the acetate-mediated pore-forming process modulates closed pores,which synergistically afford abundant sodium storage sites for high plateau-region capacity.As a result,the optimized microdomain engineered carbon material(MEC_(3))tailored with the optimal amount of zinc acetate demonstrates an outstanding plateau-region capacity of 253 mAh g^(-1)even at 1 C,among the highest reported values.Consequently,the MEC_(3)||expanded graphite dual-ion battery exhibits an unprecedented cycling stability at high current rate,maintaining 80.6%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 C,among the best reports.This microdomain engineering strategy provides a new design principle for overcoming kinetic limitations of carbonaceous materials in plateau-dominated sodium storage systems.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
文摘[目的]探讨Mako机器人辅助经改良Harding入路全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的治疗效果及安全性。[方法]回顾性分析本院2021年4月—2023年5月行THA的48例患者的资料。根据手术前医患沟通结果,24例采用Mako机器人辅助下THA(机器人组),另外24例采用经改良Harding入路常规徒手THA(徒手组)。比较两组患者围手术期、随访结果及影像评估资料。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成改良Harding入路THA,机器人组的手术时间[min,(102.6±15.7)vs(83.7±16.8),P<0.001]和术中出血量[mL,(279.7±35.1)vs(212.5±29.6),P<0.001]均显著大于徒手组,两组患者术后引流量、住院天数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后平均随访(20.8±8.5)个月。随时间推移,两组患者VAS评分、Harris评分、最大伸髋和最大屈髋活动度(range of motion,ROM)、最大内收和最大外展ROM均显著改善(P<0.05)。术后1周机器人组的VAS评分[分,M(P25,P75),2.0(2.0,4.0)vs 3.5(3.0,5.0),P<0.001]、最大屈髋[°,(74.5±9.0)vs(66.5±10.4),P=0.006]、最大内收[°,(18.5±6.2)vs(7.0±1.6),P<0.001]显著优于徒手组;术后1周和术后3个月机器人组的Harris评分[分,(75.1±4.9)vs(68.3±5.1),P<0.001;(84.8±4.9)vs(78.3±4.5),P<0.001]、最大伸髋[°,(20.5±5.3)vs(12.5±5.6),P<0.001;(31.0±3.6)vs(24.1±4.5),P<0.001]、最大外展[°,(26.2±3.3)vs(21.5±4.8),P<0.001;(33.4±3.8)vs(27.8±4.3),P<0.001]显著优于徒手组,但是,末次随访时两组间上述指标的差异均已无统计学意义(P>0.05)。影像方面,机器人组的术后双下肢长度差异(leg length discrepancy,LLD)[mm,(4.9±1.0)vs(8.1±1.4),P<0.001]和双侧联合偏心距(combined offset,CO)差值(■CO)的绝对值[mm,(1.5±0.5)vs(3.5±0.6),P<0.001]、髋臼假体外展角[°,(40.3±1.7)vs(45.3±4.1),P<0.001]和前倾角[°,(15.9±1.2)vs(18.8±3.6),P<0.001]均显著小于徒手组。[结论]与常规徒手THA相比,Mako机器人辅助下改良Harding入路THA假体置放更精准,早期治疗效果更优,但机器人技术的手术时间较长且术中失血量更大。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278308 and 22109114)Open Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shaoxing Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Molecular Engineering(Grant number:JDSX2022023).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978164,22078189 and 22105120)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(No.2021JC-046)and the Special Support Program for high level talents of Shaanxi Province+3 种基金the Innovation Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JZY-001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2020GY-243)the Special Research Fund of Education Department of Shaanxi(No.20JK0535)the National High-end Foreign Expert Project(No.GDW20186100428).
文摘Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high BET and surface defects.Additionally,the sodium storage mechanism predominantly occurs in the slope region.This contradicts practical application requirements because the capacity of the plateau region is crucial for determining the actual capacity of batteries.In our work,we prepared a novel“core-shell”carbon framework(CNA1200).Introducingclosedporesand carboxylgroupsinto coal-basedcarbon materials to enhance its sodium storage performance.The closed pore structure dominates in the“core”structure,which is attributed to the timely removal of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)to prevent further for-mation of active carbon structure.The presence of closed pores is beneficial for increasing sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region.And the“shell”structure originates from coal tar pitch,it not only uniformly connects hard carbon particles together to improve cycling stability,but is also rich in carboxyl groups to enhance the reversible sodium storage performance in slope region.CNA1200 has ex-cellent electrochemical performance,it exhibits a specific capacity of 335.2 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(−1)with ICE=51.53%.In addition,CNA1200 has outstanding cycling stability with a capac-ity retention of 91.8%even when cycling over 200 times.When CNA1200 is used as anode paired with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,it demonstrates a capacity of 109.54 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 94.64%at 0.5 C.This work provides valuable methods for regulating the structure of sodium-ion battery(SIBs)anode and enhances the potential for commercialization.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072002,52372037,and 22108003)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230015)+2 种基金the Outstanding Scientific Research and Innovation Team Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2023AH010015)the Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2023AH030026)financial support from the Anhui International Research Center of Energy Materials Green Manufacturing and Biotechnology。
文摘Biomass-derived hard carbon is becoming promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)thanks to their resource abundance.Yet,it is a big challenge to improve the charge carrier kinetics of the disordered carbon lattice in hard carbon.Herein,confined pitch-based soft carbon in pollen-derived hard carbon(PSC/PHC)is synthesized by vapor deposition strategy as anodes for PIBs.The ordered pitch-based soft carbon compensates for the short-range electron conduction in hard carbon to enhance the charge transfer kinetics,and the externally disordered pollen-derived hard carbon alleviates the volume change of soft carbon during cycling.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of soft and hard carbon,as well as the reinforced structure of order-in-disordered carbon,the PSC/PHC obtained with deposition time of 0.5 h(PSC/PHC-0.5)displays an excellent rate capability(148.7 mAh g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))and superb cycling stability(70%retention over 2000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)).This work offers a unique insight in tuning the microcrystalline structure of soft-hard carbon anode for advanced PIBs.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0206300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A2081,22075074, 22209047)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515011620)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024JJ5068)Foundation of Yuelushan Center for Industrial Innovation (2023YCII0119)Student Innovation Training Program (S202410532594,S202410532357)。
文摘Hard carbon (HC) has been considered as promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).The optimization of hard carbon’s microstructure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) property are demonstrated effective in enhancing the Na+storage capability,however,a one-step regulation strategy to achieve simultaneous multi-scale structures optimization is highly desirable.Herein,we have systematically investigated the effects of boron doping on hard carbon’s microstructure and interface chemistry.A variety of structure characterizations show that appropriate amount of boron doping can increase the size of closed pores via rearrangement of carbon layers with improved graphitization degree,which provides more Na+storage sites.In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTIR/EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrate the presence of more BC3and less B–C–O structures that result in enhanced ion diffusion kinetics and the formation of inorganic rich and robust SEI,which leads to facilitated charge transfer and excellent rate performance.As a result,the hard carbon anode with optimized boron doping content exhibits enhanced rate and cycling performance.In general,this work unravels the critical role of boron doping in optimizing the pore structure,interface chemistry and diffusion kinetics of hard carbon,which enables rational design of sodium-ion battery anode with enhanced Na+storage performance.
基金funded with National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2405904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932012,and 32171348).
文摘Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209103)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22010500400)Australian Research Council(FT180100705)。
文摘Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but they face challenges in balancing rate capability,specific capacity,and initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Direct pyrolysis of the precursor often fails to create a suitable structure for sodium-ion storage.Molecular-level control of graphitization with open channels for Na^(+)ions is crucial for high-performance hard carbon,whereas closed pores play a key role in improving the low-voltage(<0.1 V)plateau capacity of hard carbon anodes for SIBs.However,creation of these closed pores presents significant challenges.This work proposes a zinc gluconate-assisted catalytic carbonization strategy to regulate graphitization and create numerous nanopores simultaneously.As the temperature increases,trace amounts of zinc remain as single atoms in the hard carbon,featuring a uniform coordination structure.This mitigates the risk of electrochemically irreversible sites and enhances sodium-ion transport rates.The resulting hard carbon shows an excellent reversible capacity of 348.5 mAh g^(-1) at 30 mA g^(-1) and a high ICE of 92.84%.Furthermore,a sodium storage mechanism involving“adsorption-intercalation-pore filling”is elucidated,providing insights into the pore structure and dynamic pore-filling process.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.21905278)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ30015).
文摘The pore structure and pseudo-graphitic phase(domain size and content)of a hard carbon anode play key roles in improving the plateau capacity of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),while it is hard to regulate them effectively and simultaneously.This study delves into the synthesis of hard carbons with tailored microstructures from esterified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na).The hard carbon(EHC-500)with maximized pseudo-graphitic content(73%)and abundant uniformly dispersed closed pores was fabricated,which provides sufficient active sites for sodium ion intercalation and pore filling.Furthermore,minimized lateral width(L_(a))of pseudo-graphitic domains in EHC-500 is simultaneously realized to improve the accessibility of sodium ions to the intercalation sites and filling sites.Therefore,the optimized microstructure of EHC-500 contributes to a remarkable reversible capacity of 340 mAh/g with a high plateau capacity of 236.7 mAh/g(below 0.08 V).These findings underscore the pivotal role of microcrystalline structure and pore structure in the electrochemical performance of hard carbons and provide a novel route to guide the design of hard carbons with optimal microstructures towards enhanced sodium storage performance.
