The Ou MC decrescendo phenomenon (OuDP) involves the placing of the contralateral hand of the examiner on the acute abdomen of female patients (Ou MC manipulation), which results in an alleviation of pain [1]. Two fro...The Ou MC decrescendo phenomenon (OuDP) involves the placing of the contralateral hand of the examiner on the acute abdomen of female patients (Ou MC manipulation), which results in an alleviation of pain [1]. Two front-end observations showed that placement of the contralateral hand on the acute abdomen of women alleviated pain (78 of 81 women or 96.3%), while placement of the ipsilateral hand did not (0 of 39 women or 0%). This method named as Ou MC handing remedy (HR) was used to observe the immediate and cumulative effects of OuDP on 38 cases, of which 27 were self-administered and 11 were administered by the therapist. The mean age of the patients was 55.8 years (standard deviation, 22.9 years). Five minutes after initial self-administered HR, there was pain alleviation in 14 cases and symptoms or signs beyond pain improved for another 6 cases while 7 cases unevaluated. Final results showed 9 cured, 5 with partial remission and the remaining 13 with complete remission. Five minutes after initial therapist-administered HR, pain alleviation was found with 10 cases while 1 case unevaluated. The final results showed 7 cases cured, 2 with partial remission, and 2 with complete remission. The resolution of non-infectious conditions (23/ 38) with OuDP is consistent with the restoration of normal tissue function, which seems to contribute to pain alleviation and defense against infections and tumors. Interestingly, the OuDP is capable of being invoked by either the patient or the therapist. These findings warrant further investigation.展开更多
Based on an extensive summary of existing literature together with a random sampling of 70 graduate theses at the author’s university and 30 papers submitted to journals,which the author was entrusted to review,the p...Based on an extensive summary of existing literature together with a random sampling of 70 graduate theses at the author’s university and 30 papers submitted to journals,which the author was entrusted to review,the present paper has addressed the novice researchers’common concern of research method application by defining and categorizing research methods and the related terms,combing and discussing the techniques for qualitative,quantitative,and mixed research methods in accordance with different research questions,and finally illustrating and explaining our viewpoints with real-life samples and comments.展开更多
Hands-on inquiry based learning is fundamentally changing the student's study way, from the traditional passive methods such as listening to lectures, taking notes, do exercises to strengthen course learning, chan...Hands-on inquiry based learning is fundamentally changing the student's study way, from the traditional passive methods such as listening to lectures, taking notes, do exercises to strengthen course learning, change for the students initiative by knowledge and life experience to question faced by discipline problems, put forward all kinds of possible speculation, find information or related field to explore, communicate with classmates, then summarize the answers to the selected questions.展开更多
AFTER watching a steady stream of Chinese instructors visit his college to share advanced agricul- tural technology and teaching methods, Tamirat Tesema Senbeta was keen to witness firsthand how these instructors oper...AFTER watching a steady stream of Chinese instructors visit his college to share advanced agricul- tural technology and teaching methods, Tamirat Tesema Senbeta was keen to witness firsthand how these instructors operate in their own country. Tamirat, Dean of the Agarfa Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training （ATVET） College in Ethiopia, got the opportunity this April as part of a 10-person delegation of Ethiopian ATVET deans and state agricultural officials, invited to attend a training program organized by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture.展开更多
Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and management of various diseases,particularly biliopancreatic disorders,as it provides detailed visualization of the gastrointestinal tract and su...Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and management of various diseases,particularly biliopancreatic disorders,as it provides detailed visualization of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures.As the demand for diagnostic and interventional EUS procedures increases,ensuring high-quality training for endoscopists is essential to improve patient outcomes.This mini-review provides an overview of the current state of EUS training and emphasizes the importance of a structured approach that integrates theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience.We discuss different training methods,focusing on the main courses available worldwide,and highlight their advantages and limitations.In addition,we examine the challenges of training for diagnostic and interventional EUS,such as limited access to training centers and the need for personalized feedback.Overall,improving EUS training programs is essential to enhance physician skills and ensure this advanced technique is used safely and efficiently in clinical practice.展开更多
As the construction industry is transitioning into the building information modeling(BIM)era,many construction management(CM)programs are actively integrating BIM into their curriculum.For new CM students who are unfa...As the construction industry is transitioning into the building information modeling(BIM)era,many construction management(CM)programs are actively integrating BIM into their curriculum.For new CM students who are unfamiliar with the BIM concept,a connection is desired to link 2D drawings with 3D models.This paper presents a case study that uses Lego blocks as an innovative instructional tool to introduce BIM to new CM students.The approach employs a physical Lego model house as the connection between the 2D and 3D worlds in an introductory BIM course and aims to demonstrate the benefits of BIM over 2D CAD through a hands-on session.CM students are instructed to build a Lego house first with a set of typical 2D construction drawings,including plan,elevation,and section sheets,and then with a 3D model in a BIM program.Students are guided to navigate the model and then use it as a 3D reference to complete the Lego house.Through the hands-on session,students will naturally establish the connection between 2D drawings and 3D models.In addition,by comparing the efforts needed to complete the Lego house with both methods,students can easily recognize the benefits of using BIM in CM.This case study demonstrates the procedures of using Lego blocks as an instructional tool in a hands-on session of an introductory BIM course.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of hands-on training of gastroenterology fellows in gastric polypectomy using an ex vivo simulator.METHODS:Eight gastroenterology fellows at Mackay Memorial Hospital,Taipei were evaluated in...AIM:To evaluate the effect of hands-on training of gastroenterology fellows in gastric polypectomy using an ex vivo simulator.METHODS:Eight gastroenterology fellows at Mackay Memorial Hospital,Taipei were evaluated in gastricpolypectomy techniques using a pig stomach with artificial polyps created by a rubber band ligation device.The performance of four second year(year-2)fellows who had undergone one year of clinical training was compared with that of four f irst year(year-1)fellows both before and after a 4-h workshop using the ex vivo simulator.The workshop allowed for hands-on train-ing in the removal of multiple artif icial polyps and the placement of hemoclips at the excision site.Evaluation included observation of technical skills,procedure time,and the fellows' conf idence scale.RESULTS:One week after the workshop,the year-1 fellows were re-evaluated and had significantly im-proved mean performance scores(from 17.9 ± 1.8 to 22.5 ± 0.7),conf idence scale(from 4.5 ± 1.0 to 7.8 ± 0.5)and procedure time(from 615.0 ± 57.4 s to 357.5 ± 85.0 s)compared with their baseline performance.After 4 h of training using the ex vivo simulator,the skills of the year-1 fellows were statistically similar to those of the year-2 fellows.CONCLUSION:Use of this ex vivo simulator significantly improved the endoscopic gastric polypectomy skills of gastroenterology fellows who had not had previous clinical training in gastric polypectomy.展开更多
In this paper,we address the need for better hands-on learning materials in computing education and the need for integrating mobile computing education into computing curricular.We propose an innovative learning appro...In this paper,we address the need for better hands-on learning materials in computing education and the need for integrating mobile computing education into computing curricular.We propose an innovative learning approach that uses state-of-the-art mobile computing technologies and devices to design a highly accessible and real-world relevant hands-on labware for computing education.The labware employs a modular design such that the learning materials can both be combined together into a single course of mobile program development and be integrated into the related computing courses as building blocks.The labware will help students understand the concepts,improve their problem solving skills,and prepare them for the mobile computing industrial workforce.The pilot modules of the labware have been presented to undergraduate students and have received positive feedbacks.展开更多
The Polar Regions play an important role in the global processes of our planet, from climate change to sea level rise, protection from UV （ultraviolet） radiation to uptake of carbon dioxide. In addition, their scien...The Polar Regions play an important role in the global processes of our planet, from climate change to sea level rise, protection from UV （ultraviolet） radiation to uptake of carbon dioxide. In addition, their scientific importance, extraordinary beauty and adventurous history provide perfect ingredients for both education and public outreach.Polar examples provide an excellent way to transmit basic concepts about a wide range of STEM （science, technology, engineering and mathematics） disciplines. The IPY （International Polar Year） brought educators and scientists together and provided the incentive for the formation of the PEI （Polar Educators International）, an organization encouraging the exchange of ideas between educators and researchers and enhancement of the profile of polar education on the international scene. Educators must be adequately informed about current scientific polar research and have the confidenceto teach it to students. Scientists have the knowledge and data to explain these complexities, but may lack the communication skills to make the subject accessible to non-technical audiences. The development of this new network between polar educators and scientists has the potential to break down walls that restrict international collaboration and understanding, provide educators with topical and reliable information and share best practices internationally in an effective way.展开更多
Middle Tennessee State University(MTSU)started a Mechatronics Engineering program four years ago.Over those four years,enrollment has grown exponentially and has increased to over 400 students.One major factor that dr...Middle Tennessee State University(MTSU)started a Mechatronics Engineering program four years ago.Over those four years,enrollment has grown exponentially and has increased to over 400 students.One major factor that draws interest to this new program is the university’s Experimental Vehicles Program(EVP),created by Dr.Saeed Foroudastan.The EVP includes different student teams that work to design and build the four projects the EVP has evolved to:human-powered lunar rover(formerly known as The Great Moonbuggy Race),powered off-road Baja,gasoline-powered formula car,and all-electric solar boat.These projects are designed to greatly enhance each student’s classroom experience.The EVP provides students hands-on experience that allows them to apply what they have learned in the classroom to something in real life.The students are responsible for designing and building each project with their team,which also provides them with skills like effective communication,teamwork,project management and more.Each project also has a competition that members of the team normally travel to and are able to compete on an international level.The Mechatronics Engineering program and the EVP at MTSU are both providing truly great opportunities and preparing students well that wish to enter the engineering field after college.展开更多
Genomics and proteomics have emerged as key technologies in biomedical research, resulting in a surge of interest in training by investigators keen to incorporate these technologies into their research. At least two t...Genomics and proteomics have emerged as key technologies in biomedical research, resulting in a surge of interest in training by investigators keen to incorporate these technologies into their research. At least two types of training can be envisioned in order to produce meaningful results, quality publications and successful grant applications： （1） immediate short-term training workshops and （2） long-term graduate education or visiting scientist programs. We aimed to fill the former need by providing a comprehensive hands-on training course in genomics, proteomics and informatics in a coherent, experimentally-based framework. This was accomplished through a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute （NHLBI）-sponsored 10-day Genomics and Proteomics Hands-on Workshop held at National Jewish Health （NJH） and the University of Colorado School of Medicine （UCD）. The course content included comprehensive lectures and laboratories in mass spectrometry and genomics technologies, extensive hands-on experience with instrumentation and software, video demonstrations, optional workshops, online sessions, invited keynote speakers, and local and national vip faculty. Here we describe the detailed curriculum and present the results of short- and long-term evaluations from course attendees. Our educational program consis- tently received positive reviews from participants and had a substantial impact on grant writing and review, manuscript submissions and publications.展开更多
Practice experimentation that integrates the manufacturing processes and cutting-edge technologies of smart manufacturing (SM) is essential for future academic and applied engineering personnel. The broadening efficac...Practice experimentation that integrates the manufacturing processes and cutting-edge technologies of smart manufacturing (SM) is essential for future academic and applied engineering personnel. The broadening efficacy of hands-on experience in SM engineering education has been manifested. In this regard, a reference practical system is proposed in this study for hands-on training in SM crucial advancements. The system constructs a mobile robot-based production line (MRPL) to increase participants’ interest in theoretical learning and professional skills. The MRPL-based reference system includes the comprehensive principles and processes involved in modern SM factories from warehousing to logistics, processing, and testing. With key features of modularity, integrability, customizability, and open architecture, this system has a threefold objective. First, it is an interdisciplinary subject that enables students to translate classroom learning into authentic practices, thus facilitating knowledge synthesis and training involvements. Second, it offers effective support to cultivate the attributions and behavioral competencies of SM talents, such as perseverance, adaptability, and cooperation. Third, it promotes students’ capacities for critical thinking and problem solving so that they can deal with the difficulties that physical systems have and motivates them to pursue careers with new syllabi, functions, and process techno-logies. The received positive evaluations and assessments confirm that this MRPL-based reference system is beneficial for modern SM talent training in higher engineering education.展开更多
The FAIR guiding principles aim to enhance the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources such as data,for both humans and machines.The process of making data FAIR(“FAIRification...The FAIR guiding principles aim to enhance the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources such as data,for both humans and machines.The process of making data FAIR(“FAIRification”)can be described in multiple steps.In this paper,we describe a generic step-by-step FAIRification workflow to be performed in a multidisciplinary team guided by FAIR data stewards.The FAIRification workflow should be applicable to any type of data and has been developed and used for“Bring Your Own Data”(BYOD)workshops,as well as for the FAIRification of e.g.,rare diseases resources.The steps are:1)identify the FAIRification objective,2)analyze data,3)analyze metadata,4)define semantic model for data(4a)and metadata(4b),5)make data(5a)and metadata(5b)linkable,6)host FAIR data,and 7)assess FAIR data.For each step we describe how the data are processed,what expertise is required,which procedures and tools can be used,and which FAIR principles they relate to.展开更多
文摘The Ou MC decrescendo phenomenon (OuDP) involves the placing of the contralateral hand of the examiner on the acute abdomen of female patients (Ou MC manipulation), which results in an alleviation of pain [1]. Two front-end observations showed that placement of the contralateral hand on the acute abdomen of women alleviated pain (78 of 81 women or 96.3%), while placement of the ipsilateral hand did not (0 of 39 women or 0%). This method named as Ou MC handing remedy (HR) was used to observe the immediate and cumulative effects of OuDP on 38 cases, of which 27 were self-administered and 11 were administered by the therapist. The mean age of the patients was 55.8 years (standard deviation, 22.9 years). Five minutes after initial self-administered HR, there was pain alleviation in 14 cases and symptoms or signs beyond pain improved for another 6 cases while 7 cases unevaluated. Final results showed 9 cured, 5 with partial remission and the remaining 13 with complete remission. Five minutes after initial therapist-administered HR, pain alleviation was found with 10 cases while 1 case unevaluated. The final results showed 7 cases cured, 2 with partial remission, and 2 with complete remission. The resolution of non-infectious conditions (23/ 38) with OuDP is consistent with the restoration of normal tissue function, which seems to contribute to pain alleviation and defense against infections and tumors. Interestingly, the OuDP is capable of being invoked by either the patient or the therapist. These findings warrant further investigation.
文摘Based on an extensive summary of existing literature together with a random sampling of 70 graduate theses at the author’s university and 30 papers submitted to journals,which the author was entrusted to review,the present paper has addressed the novice researchers’common concern of research method application by defining and categorizing research methods and the related terms,combing and discussing the techniques for qualitative,quantitative,and mixed research methods in accordance with different research questions,and finally illustrating and explaining our viewpoints with real-life samples and comments.
文摘Hands-on inquiry based learning is fundamentally changing the student's study way, from the traditional passive methods such as listening to lectures, taking notes, do exercises to strengthen course learning, change for the students initiative by knowledge and life experience to question faced by discipline problems, put forward all kinds of possible speculation, find information or related field to explore, communicate with classmates, then summarize the answers to the selected questions.
文摘AFTER watching a steady stream of Chinese instructors visit his college to share advanced agricul- tural technology and teaching methods, Tamirat Tesema Senbeta was keen to witness firsthand how these instructors operate in their own country. Tamirat, Dean of the Agarfa Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training （ATVET） College in Ethiopia, got the opportunity this April as part of a 10-person delegation of Ethiopian ATVET deans and state agricultural officials, invited to attend a training program organized by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture.
文摘Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and management of various diseases,particularly biliopancreatic disorders,as it provides detailed visualization of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures.As the demand for diagnostic and interventional EUS procedures increases,ensuring high-quality training for endoscopists is essential to improve patient outcomes.This mini-review provides an overview of the current state of EUS training and emphasizes the importance of a structured approach that integrates theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience.We discuss different training methods,focusing on the main courses available worldwide,and highlight their advantages and limitations.In addition,we examine the challenges of training for diagnostic and interventional EUS,such as limited access to training centers and the need for personalized feedback.Overall,improving EUS training programs is essential to enhance physician skills and ensure this advanced technique is used safely and efficiently in clinical practice.
文摘As the construction industry is transitioning into the building information modeling(BIM)era,many construction management(CM)programs are actively integrating BIM into their curriculum.For new CM students who are unfamiliar with the BIM concept,a connection is desired to link 2D drawings with 3D models.This paper presents a case study that uses Lego blocks as an innovative instructional tool to introduce BIM to new CM students.The approach employs a physical Lego model house as the connection between the 2D and 3D worlds in an introductory BIM course and aims to demonstrate the benefits of BIM over 2D CAD through a hands-on session.CM students are instructed to build a Lego house first with a set of typical 2D construction drawings,including plan,elevation,and section sheets,and then with a 3D model in a BIM program.Students are guided to navigate the model and then use it as a 3D reference to complete the Lego house.Through the hands-on session,students will naturally establish the connection between 2D drawings and 3D models.In addition,by comparing the efforts needed to complete the Lego house with both methods,students can easily recognize the benefits of using BIM in CM.This case study demonstrates the procedures of using Lego blocks as an instructional tool in a hands-on session of an introductory BIM course.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of hands-on training of gastroenterology fellows in gastric polypectomy using an ex vivo simulator.METHODS:Eight gastroenterology fellows at Mackay Memorial Hospital,Taipei were evaluated in gastricpolypectomy techniques using a pig stomach with artificial polyps created by a rubber band ligation device.The performance of four second year(year-2)fellows who had undergone one year of clinical training was compared with that of four f irst year(year-1)fellows both before and after a 4-h workshop using the ex vivo simulator.The workshop allowed for hands-on train-ing in the removal of multiple artif icial polyps and the placement of hemoclips at the excision site.Evaluation included observation of technical skills,procedure time,and the fellows' conf idence scale.RESULTS:One week after the workshop,the year-1 fellows were re-evaluated and had significantly im-proved mean performance scores(from 17.9 ± 1.8 to 22.5 ± 0.7),conf idence scale(from 4.5 ± 1.0 to 7.8 ± 0.5)and procedure time(from 615.0 ± 57.4 s to 357.5 ± 85.0 s)compared with their baseline performance.After 4 h of training using the ex vivo simulator,the skills of the year-1 fellows were statistically similar to those of the year-2 fellows.CONCLUSION:Use of this ex vivo simulator significantly improved the endoscopic gastric polypectomy skills of gastroenterology fellows who had not had previous clinical training in gastric polypectomy.
文摘In this paper,we address the need for better hands-on learning materials in computing education and the need for integrating mobile computing education into computing curricular.We propose an innovative learning approach that uses state-of-the-art mobile computing technologies and devices to design a highly accessible and real-world relevant hands-on labware for computing education.The labware employs a modular design such that the learning materials can both be combined together into a single course of mobile program development and be integrated into the related computing courses as building blocks.The labware will help students understand the concepts,improve their problem solving skills,and prepare them for the mobile computing industrial workforce.The pilot modules of the labware have been presented to undergraduate students and have received positive feedbacks.
文摘The Polar Regions play an important role in the global processes of our planet, from climate change to sea level rise, protection from UV （ultraviolet） radiation to uptake of carbon dioxide. In addition, their scientific importance, extraordinary beauty and adventurous history provide perfect ingredients for both education and public outreach.Polar examples provide an excellent way to transmit basic concepts about a wide range of STEM （science, technology, engineering and mathematics） disciplines. The IPY （International Polar Year） brought educators and scientists together and provided the incentive for the formation of the PEI （Polar Educators International）, an organization encouraging the exchange of ideas between educators and researchers and enhancement of the profile of polar education on the international scene. Educators must be adequately informed about current scientific polar research and have the confidenceto teach it to students. Scientists have the knowledge and data to explain these complexities, but may lack the communication skills to make the subject accessible to non-technical audiences. The development of this new network between polar educators and scientists has the potential to break down walls that restrict international collaboration and understanding, provide educators with topical and reliable information and share best practices internationally in an effective way.
文摘Middle Tennessee State University(MTSU)started a Mechatronics Engineering program four years ago.Over those four years,enrollment has grown exponentially and has increased to over 400 students.One major factor that draws interest to this new program is the university’s Experimental Vehicles Program(EVP),created by Dr.Saeed Foroudastan.The EVP includes different student teams that work to design and build the four projects the EVP has evolved to:human-powered lunar rover(formerly known as The Great Moonbuggy Race),powered off-road Baja,gasoline-powered formula car,and all-electric solar boat.These projects are designed to greatly enhance each student’s classroom experience.The EVP provides students hands-on experience that allows them to apply what they have learned in the classroom to something in real life.The students are responsible for designing and building each project with their team,which also provides them with skills like effective communication,teamwork,project management and more.Each project also has a competition that members of the team normally travel to and are able to compete on an international level.The Mechatronics Engineering program and the EVP at MTSU are both providing truly great opportunities and preparing students well that wish to enter the engineering field after college.
基金supported by a grant through the National Institutes of Health,National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute to Dr.Nichole Reisdorph(Grant No.T15HL086386)
文摘Genomics and proteomics have emerged as key technologies in biomedical research, resulting in a surge of interest in training by investigators keen to incorporate these technologies into their research. At least two types of training can be envisioned in order to produce meaningful results, quality publications and successful grant applications： （1） immediate short-term training workshops and （2） long-term graduate education or visiting scientist programs. We aimed to fill the former need by providing a comprehensive hands-on training course in genomics, proteomics and informatics in a coherent, experimentally-based framework. This was accomplished through a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute （NHLBI）-sponsored 10-day Genomics and Proteomics Hands-on Workshop held at National Jewish Health （NJH） and the University of Colorado School of Medicine （UCD）. The course content included comprehensive lectures and laboratories in mass spectrometry and genomics technologies, extensive hands-on experience with instrumentation and software, video demonstrations, optional workshops, online sessions, invited keynote speakers, and local and national vip faculty. Here we describe the detailed curriculum and present the results of short- and long-term evaluations from course attendees. Our educational program consis- tently received positive reviews from participants and had a substantial impact on grant writing and review, manuscript submissions and publications.
基金The work was supported by the“New Engineering”Research and Practice Project,China(Grant No.E-ZNZZ20201214)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M650179)+1 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program,China(Grant No.2019ZT08Z780)Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment,China(Grant No.2020B1212060014).
文摘Practice experimentation that integrates the manufacturing processes and cutting-edge technologies of smart manufacturing (SM) is essential for future academic and applied engineering personnel. The broadening efficacy of hands-on experience in SM engineering education has been manifested. In this regard, a reference practical system is proposed in this study for hands-on training in SM crucial advancements. The system constructs a mobile robot-based production line (MRPL) to increase participants’ interest in theoretical learning and professional skills. The MRPL-based reference system includes the comprehensive principles and processes involved in modern SM factories from warehousing to logistics, processing, and testing. With key features of modularity, integrability, customizability, and open architecture, this system has a threefold objective. First, it is an interdisciplinary subject that enables students to translate classroom learning into authentic practices, thus facilitating knowledge synthesis and training involvements. Second, it offers effective support to cultivate the attributions and behavioral competencies of SM talents, such as perseverance, adaptability, and cooperation. Third, it promotes students’ capacities for critical thinking and problem solving so that they can deal with the difficulties that physical systems have and motivates them to pursue careers with new syllabi, functions, and process techno-logies. The received positive evaluations and assessments confirm that this MRPL-based reference system is beneficial for modern SM talent training in higher engineering education.
基金The work of A.Jacobsen,R.Kaliyaperumal,M.Roos and M.Thompson is supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the EJP RD COFUND-EJP N°825575The work of A.Jacobsen,R.Kaliyaperumal,M.Roos and M.Thompson is supported by funding from ELIXIR EXCELERATE,H2020 grant agreement number 676559.M.Roos and M.Thompson received funding from NWO(VWData 400.17.605)H2020-EU 824087.The work of B.Mons and L.O.Bonino da Silva Santos is funded by the H2020-EU 824068 and the GO FAIR ISCO grant of the Dutch Ministry of Science and Culture.
文摘The FAIR guiding principles aim to enhance the Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources such as data,for both humans and machines.The process of making data FAIR(“FAIRification”)can be described in multiple steps.In this paper,we describe a generic step-by-step FAIRification workflow to be performed in a multidisciplinary team guided by FAIR data stewards.The FAIRification workflow should be applicable to any type of data and has been developed and used for“Bring Your Own Data”(BYOD)workshops,as well as for the FAIRification of e.g.,rare diseases resources.The steps are:1)identify the FAIRification objective,2)analyze data,3)analyze metadata,4)define semantic model for data(4a)and metadata(4b),5)make data(5a)and metadata(5b)linkable,6)host FAIR data,and 7)assess FAIR data.For each step we describe how the data are processed,what expertise is required,which procedures and tools can be used,and which FAIR principles they relate to.
