Radiation detectors, such as survey meters, are essential for ensuring radiation safety in various sectors, including healthcare, industrial processing, emergency response, etc. However, regular calibration and proper...Radiation detectors, such as survey meters, are essential for ensuring radiation safety in various sectors, including healthcare, industrial processing, emergency response, etc. However, regular calibration and proper maintenance of survey meters are important in order to ascertain their accuracy and reliability. This study provides a comprehensive retrospective assessment of the calibration behaviour, durability, and fault trends of 160 survey meters, spanning ten different models. They were calibrated at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria over a decade (2012-2023) using an X-Ray Beam Irradiator Model X80-225K and Cs-137 irradiator (OB6) with a PTW reference spherical chamber traceable to the IAEA SSDL in Seibersdorf, Austria. The calibration stability of each model was evaluated, revealing that models like Instrument A and Instrument B demonstrated high reliability with calibration factors close to the ideal value of 1, while models like Instrument C exhibited higher variability, suggesting less consistent performance for dose rate monitoring. Fault analysis showed that the most common issues were related to the battery compartment, indicating a need for improved handling practices. Correlation analysis reveals no statistically significant correlation between calibration factor and age of survey meter across the analysed models. The study concludes that regular calibration, proper handling, and user training are crucial for maintaining the accuracy and longevity of radiation detectors.展开更多
Training and dissemination of good handling practices are key points in reducing animal abuse. Three aspects are considered in the development of education in animal welfare （AW）： （1） introduction of AW in curric...Training and dissemination of good handling practices are key points in reducing animal abuse. Three aspects are considered in the development of education in animal welfare （AW）： （1） introduction of AW in curricular education, nevertheless it has not been applied in the Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Repfiblica de Uruguay, up to now; （2） promotion of permanent education for graduates; （3） development of plans for dissemination, follow up, assessment and continuous improvement on AW affairs. Aiming to obtain information about the knowledge of veterinarians on AW during the practice of their professional duties, in September 2016, an on-line questionnaire was sent to the veterinarians who were in the Educaci6n Continua database. The questionnaire had four sections： a general gathering information and three additional sections, one for each veterinarian professional field （large animal＇s health and production, small animal＇s health and food industry）. From 1,804 questionnaires sent, 388 answers were obtained. There were 69% attended at least one AW course, and 89.9% were willing to attend another AW course. And 63.5% considered the information received to be very useful for their daily activities, 95% considered that AW should be included in the veterinary studies curriculum, while 53.3% declared not having knowledge about the regional animal welfare strategy （RAWS）. The majority of the veterinarians considered the acquired knowledge very useful and are eager to obtain more information. It is necessary to keep working to include AW in the veterinary studies curriculum as well as continuing with the diffusion of good practices and AW principles, based on the national and international norms.展开更多
文摘Radiation detectors, such as survey meters, are essential for ensuring radiation safety in various sectors, including healthcare, industrial processing, emergency response, etc. However, regular calibration and proper maintenance of survey meters are important in order to ascertain their accuracy and reliability. This study provides a comprehensive retrospective assessment of the calibration behaviour, durability, and fault trends of 160 survey meters, spanning ten different models. They were calibrated at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria over a decade (2012-2023) using an X-Ray Beam Irradiator Model X80-225K and Cs-137 irradiator (OB6) with a PTW reference spherical chamber traceable to the IAEA SSDL in Seibersdorf, Austria. The calibration stability of each model was evaluated, revealing that models like Instrument A and Instrument B demonstrated high reliability with calibration factors close to the ideal value of 1, while models like Instrument C exhibited higher variability, suggesting less consistent performance for dose rate monitoring. Fault analysis showed that the most common issues were related to the battery compartment, indicating a need for improved handling practices. Correlation analysis reveals no statistically significant correlation between calibration factor and age of survey meter across the analysed models. The study concludes that regular calibration, proper handling, and user training are crucial for maintaining the accuracy and longevity of radiation detectors.
文摘Training and dissemination of good handling practices are key points in reducing animal abuse. Three aspects are considered in the development of education in animal welfare （AW）： （1） introduction of AW in curricular education, nevertheless it has not been applied in the Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Repfiblica de Uruguay, up to now; （2） promotion of permanent education for graduates; （3） development of plans for dissemination, follow up, assessment and continuous improvement on AW affairs. Aiming to obtain information about the knowledge of veterinarians on AW during the practice of their professional duties, in September 2016, an on-line questionnaire was sent to the veterinarians who were in the Educaci6n Continua database. The questionnaire had four sections： a general gathering information and three additional sections, one for each veterinarian professional field （large animal＇s health and production, small animal＇s health and food industry）. From 1,804 questionnaires sent, 388 answers were obtained. There were 69% attended at least one AW course, and 89.9% were willing to attend another AW course. And 63.5% considered the information received to be very useful for their daily activities, 95% considered that AW should be included in the veterinary studies curriculum, while 53.3% declared not having knowledge about the regional animal welfare strategy （RAWS）. The majority of the veterinarians considered the acquired knowledge very useful and are eager to obtain more information. It is necessary to keep working to include AW in the veterinary studies curriculum as well as continuing with the diffusion of good practices and AW principles, based on the national and international norms.
