During calcining the aluminum hydroxide according to the Bayer process in a rotary kiln,the process of incomplete conversion to alpha alumina by soft calcination leads to a special intermediate alumina product contain...During calcining the aluminum hydroxide according to the Bayer process in a rotary kiln,the process of incomplete conversion to alpha alumina by soft calcination leads to a special intermediate alumina product containing microcrystalline of primary crystal alpha alumina particles less than 0.4μm,and other alumina phases with finer microcrystalline of less than 0.2μm particles.This special alumina powder has similar properties to silica fume or clay,such as high surface area and reactivity,fast wetting,low water demand and high stick-ability.It can partially or completely replace silica fume and clay in dry gunning mixes.It works towards improving the high temperature resistance of the gunning material matrix as well as the corrosion resistance and service life of the gunning materials.The application results show that:the ladle cementfree alumina-magnesia dry gunning mix with this special alumina sub-micro powder,compared with traditional dry gunning materials,has lower rebound loss(<10%),better adhesion rate,higher corrosion resistance and peeling resistance;and it can replace the veneering casting repair to achieve the similar performance.A further improvement goal is to replace the initial casting linings,thus this concept will give a new revolution to the monolithic steel ladles.展开更多
The lining of blast furnace may be damaged partly, so that gunning repair is needed. The bonding strength of boundary surface between the repairing layer and remained lining of blast furnace has been studied by therma...The lining of blast furnace may be damaged partly, so that gunning repair is needed. The bonding strength of boundary surface between the repairing layer and remained lining of blast furnace has been studied by thermal simulation. The factors influencing the bonding strength are the ingredient gunning repair temperature, remained lining condition and water content of gunning refractory. The bonding strength decreases with the increases of remained lining temperature.展开更多
The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the Theological and adhesive performance of gunning mix suspensions. The results of rheological tests indicate that: the rheological curve of gunning mix bonded by ...The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the Theological and adhesive performance of gunning mix suspensions. The results of rheological tests indicate that: the rheological curve of gunning mix bonded by high-alumina cement (HACG) is Bingham type ; the rheological curve of low cement gunning mix (LCG) bonded by mi-crosilica is characterized by pseudo-plasticity fluid with yielding stress ; and the rheological property of low-cement gunning mix bonded by microsilica is proved to be better than that of gunning mix bonded by cement. Meanwhile as indicated by the adhesive tests: the better the rheological properties of gunning mix suspension , the better the repair effect would be.展开更多
This paper describes the resisting ability of gunning material for blast furnace to carbon monoxide corrosion under the mixed gas condition through inletting hydrogen into pure CO . A standard for testing ike resistin...This paper describes the resisting ability of gunning material for blast furnace to carbon monoxide corrosion under the mixed gas condition through inletting hydrogen into pure CO . A standard for testing ike resisting ability of refractory to CO corrosion with mixed gas instead of pure CO has also been discussed. The results show : the addition of hydrogen accelerates the CO corrosion on gunning material ; the same results has been reached with the CO , 200 hours and CO 95 % + H2 5 % , 24 hours. It is reasonable to use CO 95% + H25% , 24 hours instead of pure CO, 200 hours to lest the resisting ability of refractory to carbon monoxide corrosion.展开更多
Basing on the study of the equilibrium relationship of interfacial tension among gunning particles, repaired surface and atmosphere, this test is in a position to draw a conclusion concerning the adhesion mechanism of...Basing on the study of the equilibrium relationship of interfacial tension among gunning particles, repaired surface and atmosphere, this test is in a position to draw a conclusion concerning the adhesion mechanism of the grinning refractory and the repaired surface, which illustrates the formation of the bottom gunning layer by moist fine gunning particles on the repaired surface. Also involved within the scope of discussion and probe are the patterns formed under this contacting effect and the formation mechanism of gunning layer. The analytic research regarding the behavior of gunning interface has ascribed the influence upon adhesion intensity to the quality of furnace gunning refractory, the state of the repaired surface and the gunning techniques.展开更多
Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) based gunning mixes were prepared with electric porcelain waste,silica fume,bauxite,quartz powder,and calcium aluminate cement(CAC)of different additions as raw materials firing at different temper...Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) based gunning mixes were prepared with electric porcelain waste,silica fume,bauxite,quartz powder,and calcium aluminate cement(CAC)of different additions as raw materials firing at different temperatures to research the effect of the CAC addition on their phase change and properties.The results show that:from theoretical analysis of the phase diagram,with the CAC addition increasing from 8%to 14%,anorthite increases from 40.0%to 77.7%,by mass.With the rising CAC addition,the permanent linear change on heating of specimens increases;for the specimens dried at 110℃or hot-treated at 1000℃,the bulk density and the mechanical properties increase,and the apparent porosity decreases;and for those hottreated at 1300℃,the bulk density and the mechanical properties firstly increase,and then decrease,while the apparent porosity shows an opposite trend.Taking into account the phases at high temperatures and the properties,the optimal CAC addition of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) based gunning mixes is 12%.展开更多
The magnesia - alumina based wet gunning mix was prepared using tabular corundum aggregates,fused mag- nesia aggregates, tabular corundum micropowder, silica mieropowder and pure calcium ahuninate cement as the main s...The magnesia - alumina based wet gunning mix was prepared using tabular corundum aggregates,fused mag- nesia aggregates, tabular corundum micropowder, silica mieropowder and pure calcium ahuninate cement as the main starting materials. Effects of silica micropowder ad- ditions （0, 0. 2% , 0. 5% , 1.0% , 1.5% , 2. 0% , and 2.5%, by mass, the same hewinafier） on properties oJ the gunning mix were researched. The results show that when ttze silica micropowder addition is i. 0% -2. 0% , the gunning mix has good .flou,ability and pumpability. Adding 2.5% silica micropowder, the nepheline forms at 1 600 ℃, which will reduce the high. temperature proper- ties of ntagnesia -ahtmina wet gunning mix. The intro- duction qf silica micropowder has obvious effects on cold mechanical properties of the gunning mix. For the speci- tnens dried at 110 ℃ , the strength increases slightly with the silica micropowder addition increasing. For the specimens heat-treated at 1 600 ℃ for 3 h, the strength in- creases nutrkedlv with the silica micropowder addition in- creasing. When keeping the water addition and particle size di, stribution constant, the residual linear expansion rate qf the specimen with 1.5% of silica micropowder is the lowest, ltot modulus tf rupture at 1 450 ℃ .for 0. 5 h oJ the specimens decreases gradually with the increase of silica fame addition. A small amount of silica micropow- der is beneficial for the slag penetration resistance.展开更多
Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO and Al_(2)O_(3)-spinel low cement castables(LCC-AM and LCC-AS)have been extensively used in steel ladles as working linings.Nevertheless,the use of alumina-magnesia gunning mixes has been mainly kept f...Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO and Al_(2)O_(3)-spinel low cement castables(LCC-AM and LCC-AS)have been extensively used in steel ladles as working linings.Nevertheless,the use of alumina-magnesia gunning mixes has been mainly kept for maintaining these castable linings,because of high rebound loss,poor green strength,high porosity and short life-span.Thanks to a high BET alumina(MC-G),it is now possible to develop a series of high-performance no-cement or low-cement Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO gunning mixes(NCG-AM or LCG-AM).The paper focuses on the BOF slag resistance of NCG-AM,LCG-AM,LCC-AM and LCC-AS.The corrosion mechanisms of rotary slag samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM/EDS).The results reveal different microstructures around MgO particles,depending on the four used compositions.Continuous and thicker spinel phases were formed in NCG-AM,which was proved to have the best corrosion resistance after the dynamic slag test.MC-G can provide a high diffusion flux of Al^(3+)in terms of kinetics and hence inhibits Kirkendall porosity around MgO particles.In addition,a continuous spinel phase acts like a pinning nail to reinforce the matrix and thus decreases erosion by slag.In contrast to NCG-AM,the porous spinel phase was found around unreacted MgO particles and some particles were carried away near the interface of LCC-AM and slag.The NCG-AM containing MC-G had been tested in two steel plants,and it extended the service life of the ladles up to 50%.In addition,this study suggests the potential application of NCG-AM as steel ladle linings.展开更多
YB/T 4194-2009 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the term and definition,classification,technical requirements,test methods,quality appraisal procedures,packing,marking,transportation,storage,
Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide.In today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable...Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide.In today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable to society.Consequently,there is a pressing need for swift identification of potential threats to preemptively alert law enforcement and security forces,thereby preventing potential attacks or violent incidents.Recent advancements in big data analytics and deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of computer vision in object detection,particularly in identifying firearms.This paper introduces a novel automatic firearm detection surveillance system,utilizing a one-stage detection approach named MARIE(Mechanism for Realtime Identification of Firearms).MARIE incorporates the Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD)model,which has been specifically optimized to balance the speed-accuracy trade-off critical in firearm detection applications.The SSD model was further refined by integrating MobileNetV2 and InceptionV2 architectures for superior feature extraction capabilities.The experimental results demonstrate that this modified SSD configuration provides highly satisfactory performance,surpassing existing methods trained on the same dataset in terms of the critical speedaccuracy trade-off.Through these innovations,MARIE sets a new standard in surveillance technology,offering a robust solution to enhance public safety effectively.展开更多
Based on simplified calculations of one-dimensional wave systems,loading pressure platform curves of Al-Cu gradient materials(GMs)impactor were designed.The Al-Cu GMs were prepared using tape-pressing sintering,and th...Based on simplified calculations of one-dimensional wave systems,loading pressure platform curves of Al-Cu gradient materials(GMs)impactor were designed.The Al-Cu GMs were prepared using tape-pressing sintering,and their acoustic properties were characterized to match the design path.The parallelism of the Al-Cu GM was confirmed using a three-dimensional surface profilometry machine.A one-stage light-gas gun was used to launch the Al-Cu GM,impacting an Al-LiF target at a velocity of 400 m/s.The results of the experimental strain rate demonstrate that the Al-Cu GMs can realize the precise control of the strain rate within the range of 10^(4)‒10^(5)/s in the high-speed impact experiments.展开更多
Low dark current photocathode guns are highly desired for high-brightness continuous-wave operations.Direct-current superconducting radio-frequency(DC-SRF)gun,a hybrid photocathode gun combining a DC gap and an SRF ca...Low dark current photocathode guns are highly desired for high-brightness continuous-wave operations.Direct-current superconducting radio-frequency(DC-SRF)gun,a hybrid photocathode gun combining a DC gap and an SRF cavity,effectively isolates the photocathode from the SRF cavity and offers significant advantages in terms of minimizing dark current levels.This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the dark current of a newly developed high-brightness DC-SRF photocathode gun(DC-SRF-Ⅱ gun).Particularly,a systematic experimental investigation of the dark current was conducted,and a comprehensive understanding of its formation was achieved through compliant simulations and measurements.Additionally,measures for attaining sub-nanoampere dark currents in the DC-SRF-Ⅱ gun are presented,including design considerations,cavity processing,assembly,and conditioning.The findings of this study establish a strong foundation for achieving high-performance operation of the DC-SRF-Ⅱ gun and provide a valuable reference for other photocathode guns.展开更多
Many researchers have focused on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete(FRC)in the construction of various defensive structures to resist against impact forces resulting from explosions and projectiles.However,the ...Many researchers have focused on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete(FRC)in the construction of various defensive structures to resist against impact forces resulting from explosions and projectiles.However,the lack of sufficient research regarding the resistance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts has resulted in a limited understanding of the performance of this concrete type,which is necessary for the design and construction of structures requiring great resistance against external threats.Here,the performance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts was investigated experimentally using a(two-stage light)gas gun and a drop weight testing machine.For this objective,12 mix designs,with which 35 cylindrical specimens and 30 slab specimens were made,were prepared,and the main variables were the magnetite aggregate vol%(55%)replacing natural coarse aggregate,steel fiber vol%,and steel fiber type(3D and 5D).The fibers were added at six vol%of 0%,0.5%,0.75%,1%,1.25%,and 1.5%in 10 specimen series(three identical specimens per each series)with dimensions of 40×40×7.5 cm and functional grading(three layers),and the manufactured specimens were subjected to the drop weight impact and projectile penetration tests by the drop weight testing machine and gas gun,respectively,to assess their performance.Parameters under study included the compressive strength,destruction level,and penetration depth.The experimental results demonstrate that using the magnetite aggregate instead of the natural coarse aggregate elevated the compressive strength of the concrete by 61%.In the tests by the drop weight machine,it was observed that by increasing the total vol%of the fibers,especially by increasing the fiber content in the outer layers(impact surface),the cracking resistance and energy absorption increased by around 100%.Note that the fiber geometry had little effect on the energy absorption in the drop weight test.Investigating the optimum specimens showed that using 3D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of a layered grading of 1.5 vol%,0 vol%,and 1.5 vol%,improved the penetration depth by 76%and lowered the destruction level by 85%.In addition,incorporating the 5D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of the layered fiber contents of 1.5%,0%,and 1.5%,improved the projectile penetration depth by 50%and lowered the damage level by 61%compared with the case of using the 3D fibers.展开更多
Electron beam fluorescence technology is an advanced non-contact measurement in rarefied flow fields,and the fluorescence signal intensity is positively correlated with the electron beam current.The ion bombardment se...Electron beam fluorescence technology is an advanced non-contact measurement in rarefied flow fields,and the fluorescence signal intensity is positively correlated with the electron beam current.The ion bombardment secondary emission electron gun is suitable for the technology.To enhance the beam current,COMSOL simulations and analyses were conducted to examine plasma density distribution in the discharge chamber under the effects of various conditions and the electric field distribution between the cathode and the spacer gap.The anode shape and discharge pressure conditions were optimized to increase plasma density.Additionally,an improved spacer structure was designed with the dual purpose of enhancing the electric field distribution between the cathode-spacer gaps and improving vacuum differential effects.This design modification aims to increase the pass rate of secondary electrons.Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the performance of the optimized electron gun was effectively enhanced.When the electrode voltage remains constant and the discharge gas pressure is adjusted to around 8 Pa,the maximum beam current was increased from 0.9 mA to 1.6 mA.展开更多
Deep hole gun drilling is in a closed and semi-closed state,and the machining process is complex.The unstable drilling force,severe tool wear,and poor processing quality have always been difficulties in deep hole gun ...Deep hole gun drilling is in a closed and semi-closed state,and the machining process is complex.The unstable drilling force,severe tool wear,and poor processing quality have always been difficulties in deep hole gun drilling.304 stainless steel has good corrosion and heat resistance,and is widely used in various industries.However,high hardness,poor plasticity,and characteristics of sticking knives have always restricted its development in engineering applications.Therefore,this paper uses 304 stainless steel as the research object and performs process parameter optimization and tool wear experiments.Firstly,based on the optimization experiment of process parameters,the influence of cutting speed and feed rate on drlling force and hole wall roughness is analyzed.The process parameters of the subsequent experiment are optimized as follows:spindle speed is 1270r/mm,feed rate is 0.02 mm/r,and oil pressure is 3 MPa.Secondly,based on the tool wear experiment,the variation law of tool wear and tool wear form is studied.With the help of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),the tool wear mechanism of deep hole gun drilling 304 stainless steel is expounded.Finally,the influence of tool wearon the processing quality isrevealed,and the suggestion of tool regrinding is put forward.展开更多
A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear acce...A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.展开更多
To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore damage.In this paper,a three-dime...To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore damage.In this paper,a three-dimensional numerical model of the augmented railgun with four parallel unconventional rails is introduced to simulate the internal ballistic process and realize the multi-physics field coupling calculation of the rail gun,and a test experiment of a medium-caliber electromagnetic launcher powered by pulse formation network(PFN)is carried out.Various test methods such as spectrometer,fiber grating and high-speed camera are used to test several parameters such as muzzle initial velocity,transient magnetic field strength and stress-strain of rail.Combining the simulation results and experimental data,the damage condition of the contact surface is analyzed.展开更多
The severe erosion and inadequate mechanical strength are prominent challenges for high-energy gun propellants.To address it,novel PTW@PDA composites was prepared by polydopamine(PDA)-modifying onto potassium titanate...The severe erosion and inadequate mechanical strength are prominent challenges for high-energy gun propellants.To address it,novel PTW@PDA composites was prepared by polydopamine(PDA)-modifying onto potassium titanate whisker(PTW,K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)),and after was incorporated into gun propellant as erosion-reducing and mechanical-reinforcing fillers.The interfacial characterizations results indicated that as-prepared PTW@PDA composites exhibits an enhanced surface compatible with propellant matrix,thereby facilitating their dispersion into propellants more effectively than raw PTW materials.Compared to original propellants,PTW@PDA-modified propellants exhibited significant less erosion,with a Ti-Kbased protective coating being detected on the eroded steel.And 0.5 wt%and 1.0 wt%addition of PTW@PDA significantly improved impact,compressive and tensile strength of propellants.Despite the inevitably reduction in relative force,PTW@PDA slightly increase propellant burning rate while exerting little adverse impact on propellant dynamic activity.This strategy can provide a promising alternative to develop high-energy gun propellant with less erosion and more mechanical strength.展开更多
文摘During calcining the aluminum hydroxide according to the Bayer process in a rotary kiln,the process of incomplete conversion to alpha alumina by soft calcination leads to a special intermediate alumina product containing microcrystalline of primary crystal alpha alumina particles less than 0.4μm,and other alumina phases with finer microcrystalline of less than 0.2μm particles.This special alumina powder has similar properties to silica fume or clay,such as high surface area and reactivity,fast wetting,low water demand and high stick-ability.It can partially or completely replace silica fume and clay in dry gunning mixes.It works towards improving the high temperature resistance of the gunning material matrix as well as the corrosion resistance and service life of the gunning materials.The application results show that:the ladle cementfree alumina-magnesia dry gunning mix with this special alumina sub-micro powder,compared with traditional dry gunning materials,has lower rebound loss(<10%),better adhesion rate,higher corrosion resistance and peeling resistance;and it can replace the veneering casting repair to achieve the similar performance.A further improvement goal is to replace the initial casting linings,thus this concept will give a new revolution to the monolithic steel ladles.
文摘The lining of blast furnace may be damaged partly, so that gunning repair is needed. The bonding strength of boundary surface between the repairing layer and remained lining of blast furnace has been studied by thermal simulation. The factors influencing the bonding strength are the ingredient gunning repair temperature, remained lining condition and water content of gunning refractory. The bonding strength decreases with the increases of remained lining temperature.
文摘The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the Theological and adhesive performance of gunning mix suspensions. The results of rheological tests indicate that: the rheological curve of gunning mix bonded by high-alumina cement (HACG) is Bingham type ; the rheological curve of low cement gunning mix (LCG) bonded by mi-crosilica is characterized by pseudo-plasticity fluid with yielding stress ; and the rheological property of low-cement gunning mix bonded by microsilica is proved to be better than that of gunning mix bonded by cement. Meanwhile as indicated by the adhesive tests: the better the rheological properties of gunning mix suspension , the better the repair effect would be.
文摘This paper describes the resisting ability of gunning material for blast furnace to carbon monoxide corrosion under the mixed gas condition through inletting hydrogen into pure CO . A standard for testing ike resisting ability of refractory to CO corrosion with mixed gas instead of pure CO has also been discussed. The results show : the addition of hydrogen accelerates the CO corrosion on gunning material ; the same results has been reached with the CO , 200 hours and CO 95 % + H2 5 % , 24 hours. It is reasonable to use CO 95% + H25% , 24 hours instead of pure CO, 200 hours to lest the resisting ability of refractory to carbon monoxide corrosion.
文摘Basing on the study of the equilibrium relationship of interfacial tension among gunning particles, repaired surface and atmosphere, this test is in a position to draw a conclusion concerning the adhesion mechanism of the grinning refractory and the repaired surface, which illustrates the formation of the bottom gunning layer by moist fine gunning particles on the repaired surface. Also involved within the scope of discussion and probe are the patterns formed under this contacting effect and the formation mechanism of gunning layer. The analytic research regarding the behavior of gunning interface has ascribed the influence upon adhesion intensity to the quality of furnace gunning refractory, the state of the repaired surface and the gunning techniques.
文摘Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) based gunning mixes were prepared with electric porcelain waste,silica fume,bauxite,quartz powder,and calcium aluminate cement(CAC)of different additions as raw materials firing at different temperatures to research the effect of the CAC addition on their phase change and properties.The results show that:from theoretical analysis of the phase diagram,with the CAC addition increasing from 8%to 14%,anorthite increases from 40.0%to 77.7%,by mass.With the rising CAC addition,the permanent linear change on heating of specimens increases;for the specimens dried at 110℃or hot-treated at 1000℃,the bulk density and the mechanical properties increase,and the apparent porosity decreases;and for those hottreated at 1300℃,the bulk density and the mechanical properties firstly increase,and then decrease,while the apparent porosity shows an opposite trend.Taking into account the phases at high temperatures and the properties,the optimal CAC addition of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) based gunning mixes is 12%.
文摘The magnesia - alumina based wet gunning mix was prepared using tabular corundum aggregates,fused mag- nesia aggregates, tabular corundum micropowder, silica mieropowder and pure calcium ahuninate cement as the main starting materials. Effects of silica micropowder ad- ditions （0, 0. 2% , 0. 5% , 1.0% , 1.5% , 2. 0% , and 2.5%, by mass, the same hewinafier） on properties oJ the gunning mix were researched. The results show that when ttze silica micropowder addition is i. 0% -2. 0% , the gunning mix has good .flou,ability and pumpability. Adding 2.5% silica micropowder, the nepheline forms at 1 600 ℃, which will reduce the high. temperature proper- ties of ntagnesia -ahtmina wet gunning mix. The intro- duction qf silica micropowder has obvious effects on cold mechanical properties of the gunning mix. For the speci- tnens dried at 110 ℃ , the strength increases slightly with the silica micropowder addition increasing. For the specimens heat-treated at 1 600 ℃ for 3 h, the strength in- creases nutrkedlv with the silica micropowder addition in- creasing. When keeping the water addition and particle size di, stribution constant, the residual linear expansion rate qf the specimen with 1.5% of silica micropowder is the lowest, ltot modulus tf rupture at 1 450 ℃ .for 0. 5 h oJ the specimens decreases gradually with the increase of silica fame addition. A small amount of silica micropow- der is beneficial for the slag penetration resistance.
文摘Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO and Al_(2)O_(3)-spinel low cement castables(LCC-AM and LCC-AS)have been extensively used in steel ladles as working linings.Nevertheless,the use of alumina-magnesia gunning mixes has been mainly kept for maintaining these castable linings,because of high rebound loss,poor green strength,high porosity and short life-span.Thanks to a high BET alumina(MC-G),it is now possible to develop a series of high-performance no-cement or low-cement Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO gunning mixes(NCG-AM or LCG-AM).The paper focuses on the BOF slag resistance of NCG-AM,LCG-AM,LCC-AM and LCC-AS.The corrosion mechanisms of rotary slag samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM/EDS).The results reveal different microstructures around MgO particles,depending on the four used compositions.Continuous and thicker spinel phases were formed in NCG-AM,which was proved to have the best corrosion resistance after the dynamic slag test.MC-G can provide a high diffusion flux of Al^(3+)in terms of kinetics and hence inhibits Kirkendall porosity around MgO particles.In addition,a continuous spinel phase acts like a pinning nail to reinforce the matrix and thus decreases erosion by slag.In contrast to NCG-AM,the porous spinel phase was found around unreacted MgO particles and some particles were carried away near the interface of LCC-AM and slag.The NCG-AM containing MC-G had been tested in two steel plants,and it extended the service life of the ladles up to 50%.In addition,this study suggests the potential application of NCG-AM as steel ladle linings.
文摘YB/T 4194-2009 1 ScopeThis standard specifies the term and definition,classification,technical requirements,test methods,quality appraisal procedures,packing,marking,transportation,storage,
文摘Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide.In today’s context,the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing,becoming increasingly intolerable to society.Consequently,there is a pressing need for swift identification of potential threats to preemptively alert law enforcement and security forces,thereby preventing potential attacks or violent incidents.Recent advancements in big data analytics and deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of computer vision in object detection,particularly in identifying firearms.This paper introduces a novel automatic firearm detection surveillance system,utilizing a one-stage detection approach named MARIE(Mechanism for Realtime Identification of Firearms).MARIE incorporates the Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD)model,which has been specifically optimized to balance the speed-accuracy trade-off critical in firearm detection applications.The SSD model was further refined by integrating MobileNetV2 and InceptionV2 architectures for superior feature extraction capabilities.The experimental results demonstrate that this modified SSD configuration provides highly satisfactory performance,surpassing existing methods trained on the same dataset in terms of the critical speedaccuracy trade-off.Through these innovations,MARIE sets a new standard in surveillance technology,offering a robust solution to enhance public safety effectively.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFB432)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171045,12302436,52302095)Research Fund of Jianghan University(2023JCYJ05)。
文摘Based on simplified calculations of one-dimensional wave systems,loading pressure platform curves of Al-Cu gradient materials(GMs)impactor were designed.The Al-Cu GMs were prepared using tape-pressing sintering,and their acoustic properties were characterized to match the design path.The parallelism of the Al-Cu GM was confirmed using a three-dimensional surface profilometry machine.A one-stage light-gas gun was used to launch the Al-Cu GM,impacting an Al-LiF target at a velocity of 400 m/s.The results of the experimental strain rate demonstrate that the Al-Cu GMs can realize the precise control of the strain rate within the range of 10^(4)‒10^(5)/s in the high-speed impact experiments.
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0401904 and 2017YFA0701001)the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University(Nos.NPT2022ZZ01).
文摘Low dark current photocathode guns are highly desired for high-brightness continuous-wave operations.Direct-current superconducting radio-frequency(DC-SRF)gun,a hybrid photocathode gun combining a DC gap and an SRF cavity,effectively isolates the photocathode from the SRF cavity and offers significant advantages in terms of minimizing dark current levels.This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the dark current of a newly developed high-brightness DC-SRF photocathode gun(DC-SRF-Ⅱ gun).Particularly,a systematic experimental investigation of the dark current was conducted,and a comprehensive understanding of its formation was achieved through compliant simulations and measurements.Additionally,measures for attaining sub-nanoampere dark currents in the DC-SRF-Ⅱ gun are presented,including design considerations,cavity processing,assembly,and conditioning.The findings of this study establish a strong foundation for achieving high-performance operation of the DC-SRF-Ⅱ gun and provide a valuable reference for other photocathode guns.
文摘Many researchers have focused on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete(FRC)in the construction of various defensive structures to resist against impact forces resulting from explosions and projectiles.However,the lack of sufficient research regarding the resistance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts has resulted in a limited understanding of the performance of this concrete type,which is necessary for the design and construction of structures requiring great resistance against external threats.Here,the performance of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete against projectile impacts was investigated experimentally using a(two-stage light)gas gun and a drop weight testing machine.For this objective,12 mix designs,with which 35 cylindrical specimens and 30 slab specimens were made,were prepared,and the main variables were the magnetite aggregate vol%(55%)replacing natural coarse aggregate,steel fiber vol%,and steel fiber type(3D and 5D).The fibers were added at six vol%of 0%,0.5%,0.75%,1%,1.25%,and 1.5%in 10 specimen series(three identical specimens per each series)with dimensions of 40×40×7.5 cm and functional grading(three layers),and the manufactured specimens were subjected to the drop weight impact and projectile penetration tests by the drop weight testing machine and gas gun,respectively,to assess their performance.Parameters under study included the compressive strength,destruction level,and penetration depth.The experimental results demonstrate that using the magnetite aggregate instead of the natural coarse aggregate elevated the compressive strength of the concrete by 61%.In the tests by the drop weight machine,it was observed that by increasing the total vol%of the fibers,especially by increasing the fiber content in the outer layers(impact surface),the cracking resistance and energy absorption increased by around 100%.Note that the fiber geometry had little effect on the energy absorption in the drop weight test.Investigating the optimum specimens showed that using 3D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of a layered grading of 1.5 vol%,0 vol%,and 1.5 vol%,improved the penetration depth by 76%and lowered the destruction level by 85%.In addition,incorporating the 5D steel fibers at a total fiber content of 1 vol%,consisting of the layered fiber contents of 1.5%,0%,and 1.5%,improved the projectile penetration depth by 50%and lowered the damage level by 61%compared with the case of using the 3D fibers.
文摘Electron beam fluorescence technology is an advanced non-contact measurement in rarefied flow fields,and the fluorescence signal intensity is positively correlated with the electron beam current.The ion bombardment secondary emission electron gun is suitable for the technology.To enhance the beam current,COMSOL simulations and analyses were conducted to examine plasma density distribution in the discharge chamber under the effects of various conditions and the electric field distribution between the cathode and the spacer gap.The anode shape and discharge pressure conditions were optimized to increase plasma density.Additionally,an improved spacer structure was designed with the dual purpose of enhancing the electric field distribution between the cathode-spacer gaps and improving vacuum differential effects.This design modification aims to increase the pass rate of secondary electrons.Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the performance of the optimized electron gun was effectively enhanced.When the electrode voltage remains constant and the discharge gas pressure is adjusted to around 8 Pa,the maximum beam current was increased from 0.9 mA to 1.6 mA.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.20KJA460005)Jiangsu Postgraduate Innovation Program(No.SJCX24_2156)Yancheng Key Research&Development(Industrial Support)Program(No.BE2023028).
文摘Deep hole gun drilling is in a closed and semi-closed state,and the machining process is complex.The unstable drilling force,severe tool wear,and poor processing quality have always been difficulties in deep hole gun drilling.304 stainless steel has good corrosion and heat resistance,and is widely used in various industries.However,high hardness,poor plasticity,and characteristics of sticking knives have always restricted its development in engineering applications.Therefore,this paper uses 304 stainless steel as the research object and performs process parameter optimization and tool wear experiments.Firstly,based on the optimization experiment of process parameters,the influence of cutting speed and feed rate on drlling force and hole wall roughness is analyzed.The process parameters of the subsequent experiment are optimized as follows:spindle speed is 1270r/mm,feed rate is 0.02 mm/r,and oil pressure is 3 MPa.Secondly,based on the tool wear experiment,the variation law of tool wear and tool wear form is studied.With the help of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),the tool wear mechanism of deep hole gun drilling 304 stainless steel is expounded.Finally,the influence of tool wearon the processing quality isrevealed,and the suggestion of tool regrinding is put forward.
基金supported by Chiang Mai University for providing infrastructure and the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation[grant number B05F650022]for the software CST Studio Suite^(■)2023Financial support for the reengineering and commissioning of the accelerator system was provided by the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics(ThEP Center),Science and Technology Park Chiang Mai University(CMU STeP)。
文摘A 4 MeV RF linear accelerator for electron beam irradiation applications has been developed at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory,Thailand.The system has been reengineered using a decommissioned medical linear accelerator.The main components include a thermionic DC electron gun,an RF linear accelerator,a beam diagnostic chamber,and a beam exit window for electron beam irradiation.Therefore,reengineering must be performed based on the characteristics of the electron beam and its dynamics throughout the system.In this study,the electron beam current density emitted from the cathode was calculated based on the thermionic emission theory,and the result was used to produce the electron beam distribution in the gun using CST Studio Suite^(■)software.The properties of the electron beam and its acceleration in the linear accelerator and downstream diagnostic section were studied using the ASTRA electron beam dynamics simulation code,with the aim of producing an electron beam with an average energy of 4 MeV at the linear accelerator exit.The transverse beam profile and electron deposition dose in the ambient environment were calculated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation software to estimate the beam performance for the irradiation experiments.The parameters studied can be used as guidelines for machine operation and future experimental plans.
文摘To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore damage.In this paper,a three-dimensional numerical model of the augmented railgun with four parallel unconventional rails is introduced to simulate the internal ballistic process and realize the multi-physics field coupling calculation of the rail gun,and a test experiment of a medium-caliber electromagnetic launcher powered by pulse formation network(PFN)is carried out.Various test methods such as spectrometer,fiber grating and high-speed camera are used to test several parameters such as muzzle initial velocity,transient magnetic field strength and stress-strain of rail.Combining the simulation results and experimental data,the damage condition of the contact surface is analyzed.
基金the support of the instrument and equipment fund of the Key Laboratory of Special Energy,Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,China.
文摘The severe erosion and inadequate mechanical strength are prominent challenges for high-energy gun propellants.To address it,novel PTW@PDA composites was prepared by polydopamine(PDA)-modifying onto potassium titanate whisker(PTW,K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)),and after was incorporated into gun propellant as erosion-reducing and mechanical-reinforcing fillers.The interfacial characterizations results indicated that as-prepared PTW@PDA composites exhibits an enhanced surface compatible with propellant matrix,thereby facilitating their dispersion into propellants more effectively than raw PTW materials.Compared to original propellants,PTW@PDA-modified propellants exhibited significant less erosion,with a Ti-Kbased protective coating being detected on the eroded steel.And 0.5 wt%and 1.0 wt%addition of PTW@PDA significantly improved impact,compressive and tensile strength of propellants.Despite the inevitably reduction in relative force,PTW@PDA slightly increase propellant burning rate while exerting little adverse impact on propellant dynamic activity.This strategy can provide a promising alternative to develop high-energy gun propellant with less erosion and more mechanical strength.
