Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the measurement characteristics and methodological quality of childbirth experience assessment tools,with a view to informing the selection of healthcare professio...Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the measurement characteristics and methodological quality of childbirth experience assessment tools,with a view to informing the selection of healthcare professionals who can provide high-quality assessment tools.Method:A systematic search was performed on specific databases:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and Wanfang,from inception to February 29,2024.The researchers retrieved studies on the measurement attributes of the childbirth experience assessment tool,and traced back the references of the included studies to supplement relevant literature.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,screening and data extraction were independently undertaken by two reviewers.Two researchers individually used the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments(COSMIN)Risk of Bias Checklist to assess the methodological quality of the scale,applied the COSMIN criteria to evaluate the measurement properties of the scale,and used a modified Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system to assess the certainty of evidence.Result:A total of 15 studies were included to evaluate the psychometric properties of 11 childbirth experience assessment tools(including different language versions).Eight studies’methodological quality of content validity was doubtful,and the remaining studies did not report content validity.None of the tools reported measurement error,cross-cultural validity,or responsiveness.In light of the questionable or unreported content validity of the tools,the evidence quality was deemed moderate or below.Consequently,the 11 assessment tools were recommended as grade B.Conclusion:In contrast,the Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience(QACE)is recommended for provisional use,given its relatively good methodological and measurement attributes and appropriate content for evaluation.However,further validation of other measurement properties is needed.展开更多
The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the world.The widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and...The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the world.The widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia has led to a worldwide diffusion of NAFLD.In parallel to the increased availability of effective anti-viral agents,NAFLD is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries,and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries in the next years.This epidemic and its consequences have prompted experts from all over the word in identifying effective strategies for the diagnosis,management,and treatment of NAFLD.Different scientific societies from Europe,America,and Asia-Pacific regions have proposed guidelines based on the most recent evidence about NAFLD.These guidelines are consistent with the key elements in the management of NAFLD,but still,show significant difference about some critical points.We reviewed the current literature in English language to identify the most recent scientific guidelines about NAFLD with the aim to find and critically analyse the main differences.We distinguished guidelines from 5 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognised and who are representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in: the definition of NAFLD,the opportunity of NAFLD screening in high-risk patients,the noninvasive test proposed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis,in the follow-up protocols and,finally,in the treatment strategy(especially in the proposed pharmacological management).These difference have been discussed in the light of the possible evolution of the scenario ofNAFLD in the next years.展开更多
AIM To summarize and compare worldwide colorectal cancer(CRC) screening recommendations in order to identify similarities and disparities.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sco...AIM To summarize and compare worldwide colorectal cancer(CRC) screening recommendations in order to identify similarities and disparities.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and ISI Web of knowledge identifying all average-risk CRC screening guideline publications within the last ten years and/or position statements published in the last 2 years. In addition, a hand-search of the webpages of National Gastroenterology Society websites, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the BMJ Clinical Evidence website,Google and Google Scholar was performed. RESULTS Fifteen guidelines were identified. Six guidelines were published in North America, four in Europe, four in Asia and one from the World Gastroenterology Organization. The majority of guidelines recommend screening average-risk individuals between ages 50 and 75 using colonoscopy(every 10 years), or flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS, every 5 years) or fecal occult blood test(FOBT, mainly the Fecal Immunochemical Test, annually or biennially). Disparities throughout the different guidelines are found relating to the use of colonoscopy, rank order between test, screening intervals and optimal age ranges for screening. CONCLUSION Average risk individuals between 50 and 75 years should undergo CRC screening. Recommendations for optimal surveillance intervals, preferred tests/test cascade as well as the optimal timing when to start and stop screening differ regionally and should be considered for clinical decision making. Furthermore, local resource availability and patient preferences are important to increase CRC screening uptake, as any screening is better than none.展开更多
A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the ...A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population. An electronic search was performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scielo databases, as well as guidelines＇ Web sites until September 2015. Four guidelines were included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the recommendations provided by the CPG/BPS were consistent despite the existence of some gaps across the studies. The guidelines issued by the American Urological Association （AUA） and American Society for Reproductive Medicine （ASRM） did not provide evidence-based levels for the recommendations given. Most of the recommendations given by the European Association of Urology （EAU） and European Society of Pediatric Urology （ESPU） were derived from nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and expert opinion. Among all CPG/BPS, only one was specifically designed for the pediatric population. The studied guidelines did not undertake independent cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit analysis. The main objectives of these guidelines were to translate the best evidence into practice and provide a framework of standardized care while maintaining clinical autonomy and physician judgment. However, the limitations identified in the CPG/BPS for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents indicate ample opportunities for research and future incorporation of higher quality standards in patient care.展开更多
BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing di...BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing diets has rapidly led to a sharp increase in celiac disease prevalence.This condition was thought to be very rare outside Europe and relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media.However,in recent years,the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones has led to the emergence of celiac disease(CD)from obscurity to global prominence.These modifications have prompted experts worldwide to identify effective strategies for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.Different scientific societies,mainly from Europe and America,have proposed guidelines based on CD's most recent evidence.AIM To identify the most recent scientific guidelines on CD,aiming to find and critically analyse the main differences.METHODS We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between January 2010 and January 2021 in the English language.PubMed was lastly accessed on 1 March 2021.RESULTS We distinguished guidelines from 7 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognized and representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis,HLA testing,follow-up protocols,and procedures.CONCLUSION We found a relatively high concordance between the guidelines for CD.Important modifications have occurred in the last years,especially about the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis in children.Other modifications are expected in the next future and will probably involve the extension of the non-invasive diagnosis to the adult population and the follow-up modalities.展开更多
Brazing filler metals are widely applied,which serve as an industrial adhesive in the joining of dissimilar structures.With the continuous emergence of new structures and materials,the demand for novel brazing filler ...Brazing filler metals are widely applied,which serve as an industrial adhesive in the joining of dissimilar structures.With the continuous emergence of new structures and materials,the demand for novel brazing filler metals is ever-increasing.It is of great significance to investigate the optimized composition design methods and to establish systematic design guidelines for brazing filler metals.This study elucidated the fundamental rules for the composition design of brazing filler metals from a three-dimensional perspective encompassing the basic properties of applied brazing filler metals,formability and processability,and overall cost.The basic properties of brazing filler metals refer to their mechanical properties,physicochemical properties,electromagnetic properties,corrosion resistance,and the wettability and fluidity during brazing.The formability and processability of brazing filler metals include the processes of smelting and casting,extrusion,rolling,drawing and ring-making,as well as the processes of granulation,powder production,and the molding of amorphous and microcrystalline structures.The cost of brazing filler metals corresponds to the sum of materials value and manufacturing cost.Improving the comprehensive properties of brazing filler metals requires a comprehensive and systematic consideration of design indicators.Highlighting the unique characteristics of brazing filler metals should focus on relevant technical indicators.Binary or ternary eutectic structures can effectively enhance the flow spreading ability of brazing filler metals,and solid solution structures contribute to the formability.By employing the proposed design guidelines,typical Ag based,Cu based,Zn based brazing filler metals,and Sn based solders were designed and successfully applied in major scientific and engineering projects.展开更多
Colonoscopy represents a safe procedure that is widely used in medical practice either to diagnose or treat various gastrointestinal diseases.During the last few years,the incidence rate of perforations in colonoscopi...Colonoscopy represents a safe procedure that is widely used in medical practice either to diagnose or treat various gastrointestinal diseases.During the last few years,the incidence rate of perforations in colonoscopic procedures has increased,especially in therapeutic colonoscopies.The recent advancements in endoscopic techniques and gastrointestinal tumoral resection procedures such as endoscopic mucosal resection,endoscopic full-thickness resection,and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)could be a risk factor for this increased risk.The incidence rate of mortality of serious colonoscopic perforations is 7.1%.The management plan for these perforations starts with conservative treatment in mild cases,endoscopic closure,and surgical management in severe cases.Recently,endoluminal vacuum therapy was found to be effective in the management of colorectal perforations and this has been reported in multiple case reports.This editorial provides an overview of the current guidelines for the management of iatrogenic colorectal perforations.These insights are from the perspectives of endoscopists and gastroenterologists.We also present a management algorithm based on the guidelines of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,the American Gastroenterological Association,and the World Society of Emergency Surgery.We also discussed in brief the use of endoluminal vacuum therapy in colorectal perforations.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)in the context of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and determine whether any factors affect the quality.METHODS:We searched eight databases along with fi...OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)in the context of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and determine whether any factors affect the quality.METHODS:We searched eight databases along with five international and national organizations to develop or archive guidelines from their inception to July 2023,with an additional search of medlive.cn.And the authoritative organizations related to nephrology.CPGs and consensus statements created using direct differential diagnosis or therapy for DKD were included without language restrictions.Their quality was evaluated by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)instrument.Along with the item and domain scores,the guideline was also allocated an overall quality score,which ranged from 1(lowest possible quality)to 7(highest possible quality).Moreover,an overall recommendation for use was also assigned(“recommended”,“recommended with modifications”or“not recommended”).RESULTS:A total of 16 CPGs were included,of which 14 were from Asia and the remaining two from Europe.These two CPGs were updated in the third version.Six CPGs were recommended for use because their primary domains scored in the medium or high category.Furthermore,five CPGs were recommended with modifications as the stakeholder involvement,applicability,and editorial independence domains were evaluated as low categories.In all domains,the lowest average score was for rigour of development(33%),followed by application(36%),and stakeholder involvement(51%).The highest average score was for scope and purpose(79%),followed by clarity of presentation(75%).None of the CPGs considered the patient's viewpoint,and six of 16 CPGs did not use any grading system to translate the evidence into recommendations.Additionally,only three of 16 CPGs shared search strategy,and eight of 16 CPGs did not declare a funding source.CONCLUSIONS:According to the AGREE II evaluation,more than one in four CPGs for DKD had poor methodological quality.Enhanced efforts are needed to advance the rigour of development,application,and editorial independence of DKD guideline panels for most guidelines.Stakeholders,CPG developers,and CPG users should consider methodological quality while choosing CPGs,and interpret and implement their issued suggestions.展开更多
Facility management and maintenance of the Thermal-Energy-Storage Air-Conditioning(TES-AC)system is a tedious task at a large scale mainly due to the charging load that can increase energy consumption if needed to be ...Facility management and maintenance of the Thermal-Energy-Storage Air-Conditioning(TES-AC)system is a tedious task at a large scale mainly due to the charging load that can increase energy consumption if needed to be charged at peak hours.Besides,maintenance of TES-AC at a large scale gets complex as it contains many sensor data.By utilizing deep learning techniques on the sensor data,charging load prediction can be made possible,so facility managers can prepare in advance.However,a deep learning-based application will be unusable if it is not deployed in a user-friendly manner where facility managers can benefit from this application.Hence,this research focuses on gathering design guidelines for a deep learning-based application and further validates the design considerations with a developed application for efficient human-computer interaction through qualitative analysis.The approach taken to gather design guidelines demonstrated a positive correlation between expert-suggested features and the user-friendly aspect of the application as 67.08%of participants found the features suggested by experts to be most satisfactory.Furthermore,it evaluates user satisfaction with the advanced developed application for TES-AC according to the gathered design guidelines.展开更多
Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related...Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related health outcome measurement tools.Methods:Databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Embase were searched,and the search time frame was established until January 2023.The literature was independently screened by two researchers.The methodological quality and measurement performance of the included scales were evaluated using the health measurement tool selection criteria,and the evaluation results were summarized and analyzed using descriptive analysis.Results:A total of six papers were included,covering six specific scales,with significant differences in the methodological quality and measurement performance of their development studies,none of which evaluated hypothesis testing,the validity of scales,cross-cultural validity,measurement error,or responsiveness.Conclusion:The methodological quality and scale measurement performance of the maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy,the women’s reproductive health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire,and the maternal and infant health literacy scale development studies are relatively high,but the number of studies on maternal and infant health literacy specific scales is relatively insufficient,and more studies should be conducted in the future.展开更多
Objectives:This study employed evidence mapping to systematically evaluate clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for neurogenic bladder(NB)care.We aimed to identify research trends,evidence gaps,and consensus patterns to ...Objectives:This study employed evidence mapping to systematically evaluate clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for neurogenic bladder(NB)care.We aimed to identify research trends,evidence gaps,and consensus patterns to inform evidence-based nursing practices and support the formulation of highquality CPGs.Methods:A systematic search of electronic databases and guideline repositories was conducted,included PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Guidelines International Network(GIN),ect.Eligible NB guidelines underwent dual-researcher screening and extraction,and methodological and recommendation quality were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence(AGREE-REX)instruments.Five researchers independently evaluated recommendation specificity,evidence grading systems,and implementation consistency.Discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussion or third-party arbitration.Results:Analysis of 19 CPGs(2006–2023)from 11 countries/regions revealed that 78.95%(15/19)incorporated evidence grading systems and 68.42%(13/19)specifiedrecommendation strength.The AGREE II evaluation identifiedcritical methodological deficiencies,with three domains scoring below the acceptable thresholds:Rigor of Development(41.70%),Editorial Independence(43.30%),and Applicability(30.00%).The AGREE-REX results showed moderate performance in Clinical Applicability(55.56%)and implantability(41.67%)but severe gaps in Values and Preferences(25.00%).A systematic synthesis identified40 recommendations:90%(36/40)demonstrated consensus and 10%(4/40)contradictions.These studies addressed the following six clinical themes:1)nursing assessment,2)manipulation-assisted voiding,3)behavioral therapy,4)intermittent catheterization,5)indwelling catheterization,and 6)other therapies.Conclusions:The methodologies and recommendations of the CPGs for NB in nursing demonstrated substantial variability.Therefore,there is an urgent need to improve the quality of the NB-related CPGs.More in-depth research and timely updates are required to enhance the practical utility of CPGs and narrow the gap between CPGs and clinical practice.展开更多
Objective:In this study,we evaluated the methodological quality of systematic reviews on acupuncture and moxibustion for the prevention and management of cancer-related conditions,aiming to provide evidence-based supp...Objective:In this study,we evaluated the methodological quality of systematic reviews on acupuncture and moxibustion for the prevention and management of cancer-related conditions,aiming to provide evidence-based support and establish levels of evidence for clinical application.Method:A comprehensive search was conducted to identify systematic reviews on acupuncture and mox-ibustion for the prevention and management of cancer-related conditions,covering databases including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Databases,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and Wanfang Data,from their in-ception to August 1,2024.The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed by using AMSTAR 2,and bubble plots were employed to visualize the evidence.Results:Overall,137 systematic reviews were included,with China being the most prolific country,with 117 reviews.These reviews addressed 21 cancer-related conditions,with the three most frequently stud-ied being cancer-related fatigue(25 reviews),nausea and vomiting(20 reviews),and cancer pain(19 re-views).The three most commonly used acupuncture modalities were manual acupuncture(81 reviews),electroacupuncture(55 reviews),and moxibustion(39 reviews).Quality assessment revealed that one systematic review was rated as“high quality,”eight as“low quality,”and 128 as“critically low quality,”primarily due to the absence of protocol registration and lists of excluded studies.Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion have shown potential efficacy in alleviating cancer-related con-ditions and treatment-related adverse effects,and their clinical use has been widely reported.However,the overall methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was low,limiting the reliability and the strength of the evidence.Future high-quality studies are needed to improve the quality of evidence and support the standardized application and broader promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the digestive system and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(1).In China,CRC ranks as the second most common cancer with inc...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the digestive system and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(1).In China,CRC ranks as the second most common cancer with incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise(2).The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)first introduced its guidelines in 2017,and since then,they have been updated annually to incorporate the latest clinical research findings,drug availability,and expert consensus(3-8).This article presents the key updates in the 2025 edition compared to the 2024 version.展开更多
1.Introduction Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines—which encompass regular physical activity,adequate sleep,and limited sedentary time1—significantly influences long-term health outcomes during adolescence and ...1.Introduction Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines—which encompass regular physical activity,adequate sleep,and limited sedentary time1—significantly influences long-term health outcomes during adolescence and contributes holistically to overall health.2 However,its prospective relationship with midlife mortality remains unknown to date.Our aim was to determine the association between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines during adolescence and premature mortality 26-27 years later.This aim was based on existing evidence3 suggesting a potential link between meeting these guidelines and reduced mortality risk among adults in an 11-year follow-up.展开更多
Purpose:The aim was to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research that identified the most effective educational strategies for nurse-led inhaler technique(IT)education in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(C...Purpose:The aim was to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research that identified the most effective educational strategies for nurse-led inhaler technique(IT)education in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)patients,as perceived by patients,healthcare providers,and nurses.Methods:A systematic literature search in Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CINAHL from 2018 to 30 June 2024 was conducted.In total,327 articles were identified.The results of 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria were synthesized.Data were analyzed with des-criptive and semi-quantitative methods to yield summarizing findings on the effectiveness of different educational strate-gies.All investigations had assessed patient adherence to IT.Results:Data indicated that nurse-led IT teaching strategies are effective in promoting IT adherence and correctness in COPD patients utilizing the personalized Teach-Back method.However,studies in disease control and comparison of patient IT satisfaction and self-efficacy need further investigation.Conclusion:The results of this study may contribute to the understanding of the most effective educational strategies in nurse-led IT education for COPD patients.The synthesized findings can be used for the development of new educational interventions and assessment instruments for IT adherence.展开更多
Background:Preterm birth and neonatal mortality continue to pose significant public health challenges in Ghana.This study explores their temporal trends and associated determinants from 2008 to 2022.Methods:Birth reco...Background:Preterm birth and neonatal mortality continue to pose significant public health challenges in Ghana.This study explores their temporal trends and associated determinants from 2008 to 2022.Methods:Birth record data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys(2008,2014,and 2022)were used to analyse trends and determinants in neonatal mortality and preterm birth aligned with World Health Organization antenatal care(ANC)guidelines using Pearson’s Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression with statistical significance at P<0.05 and 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:Preterm birth rate and neonatal mortality rate decreased from 13.0%to 9.1%and 27.6 to 23.7 per 1000 live births from 2008 to 2022 respectively.Lack of iron supplementation(odds ratio[OR]1.127,95%CI:1.047 to 1.967)a nutritional intervention maternal assessments(moderate/severe anaemia(OR 1.423,95%CI:1.178 to 2.051),preventive measures(Untreated malaria(OR 1.449,95%CI:1.104 to 2.411)or deworming(OR 1.267,95%CI:0.970 to 1.645)were associated with increased preterm birth risk.Attending<8 ANC visits raised the odds of preterm birth(OR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.257)and neonatal mortality(OR 1.583,95%CI:1.120 to 2.480).Conclusion:Despite reductions in preterm birth and neonatal mortality rates,substantial gaps in antenatal care remain.Strengthening the implementation of World Health Organization ANC guidelines is critical to reducing preterm birth and neonatal mortality in Ghana.展开更多
Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases,especially among elderly,surgical and critically ill patients.With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)and Diagnosis-Interve...Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases,especially among elderly,surgical and critically ill patients.With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)in China,accurate diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient prognosis.These guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary experts through a systematic review of evidence-based medical literature.They adopt the new international standard for malnutrition diagnosis from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)proposed by the Global Nutrition Organization and categorize evidence levels,providing recommendations tailored to the Chinese population’s data and characteristics.The guidelines cover the entire process of malnutrition diagnosis in adult patients,including definition,epidemiology,nutrition risk screening,multi-level nutrition assessment,and diagnostic procedures.They also propose individualized diagnostic strategies for specific patient groups,such as obese or critically ill patients,and establish a standardized process for malnutrition diagnosis.At last,the guidelines form 27 questions,38 recommendations,in order to improve the practical capacity of malnutrition diagnosis in China.展开更多
Sham acupuncture,as a control intervention in acupuncture studies,has been widely conducted to eval-uate the specific effect of acupuncture.However,there was no relevant particular reporting guideline,so the reporting...Sham acupuncture,as a control intervention in acupuncture studies,has been widely conducted to eval-uate the specific effect of acupuncture.However,there was no relevant particular reporting guideline,so the reporting quality of sham acupuncture was low,which could hinder the precise understanding and interpretation of details and implementation background of sham acupuncture by researchers.In order to standardize the reporting of sham acupuncture and improve its quality,SHam Acupuncture REporting guidelines and a checklist in clinical trials(SHARE)was developed by a research team from Beijing Univer-sity of Chinese Medicine.The SAHRE standardizes the reporting of sham acupuncture from 10 categories,including brief name,rationales,details of sham acupuncture,treatment regimen of sham acupuncture,the information informed or explained to patients,practitioner information,modifications of protocol,communication between practitioner and patient,practitioner adherence and blinding.This article elab-orates the development process and key content of SHARE in order to facilitate its application by re-searchers.展开更多
In the past year,several advancements have been achieved in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.These achievements have provided ...In the past year,several advancements have been achieved in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.These achievements have provided additional options for improving patient outcomes.The 2024 Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for NSCLC(CSCO NSCLC),a key reference for clinical oncologists in China,have incorporated current global research and adapted recommendations for applicability in real-world scenarios in China.This update covers not only patient selection,efficacy,and safety,but also considers economics,and accessibility,with an aim to provide more precise and comprehensive treatment guidance for Chinese oncologists.展开更多
The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitori...The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitoring,complication observation and management,positioning and mobility away from the bed,and quality assurance.These Guidelines encompass all the phases of intravenous thrombolysis care for patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.This article aims to elucidate the Guidelines by discussing their developmental background,the designation process,usage recommendations,and the interpretation of evolving perspectives,thereby providing valuable insights for clinical practice.展开更多
文摘Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the measurement characteristics and methodological quality of childbirth experience assessment tools,with a view to informing the selection of healthcare professionals who can provide high-quality assessment tools.Method:A systematic search was performed on specific databases:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,SinoMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and Wanfang,from inception to February 29,2024.The researchers retrieved studies on the measurement attributes of the childbirth experience assessment tool,and traced back the references of the included studies to supplement relevant literature.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,screening and data extraction were independently undertaken by two reviewers.Two researchers individually used the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments(COSMIN)Risk of Bias Checklist to assess the methodological quality of the scale,applied the COSMIN criteria to evaluate the measurement properties of the scale,and used a modified Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system to assess the certainty of evidence.Result:A total of 15 studies were included to evaluate the psychometric properties of 11 childbirth experience assessment tools(including different language versions).Eight studies’methodological quality of content validity was doubtful,and the remaining studies did not report content validity.None of the tools reported measurement error,cross-cultural validity,or responsiveness.In light of the questionable or unreported content validity of the tools,the evidence quality was deemed moderate or below.Consequently,the 11 assessment tools were recommended as grade B.Conclusion:In contrast,the Questionnaire for Assessing the Childbirth Experience(QACE)is recommended for provisional use,given its relatively good methodological and measurement attributes and appropriate content for evaluation.However,further validation of other measurement properties is needed.
文摘The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the world.The widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia has led to a worldwide diffusion of NAFLD.In parallel to the increased availability of effective anti-viral agents,NAFLD is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries,and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries in the next years.This epidemic and its consequences have prompted experts from all over the word in identifying effective strategies for the diagnosis,management,and treatment of NAFLD.Different scientific societies from Europe,America,and Asia-Pacific regions have proposed guidelines based on the most recent evidence about NAFLD.These guidelines are consistent with the key elements in the management of NAFLD,but still,show significant difference about some critical points.We reviewed the current literature in English language to identify the most recent scientific guidelines about NAFLD with the aim to find and critically analyse the main differences.We distinguished guidelines from 5 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognised and who are representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in: the definition of NAFLD,the opportunity of NAFLD screening in high-risk patients,the noninvasive test proposed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis,in the follow-up protocols and,finally,in the treatment strategy(especially in the proposed pharmacological management).These difference have been discussed in the light of the possible evolution of the scenario ofNAFLD in the next years.
文摘AIM To summarize and compare worldwide colorectal cancer(CRC) screening recommendations in order to identify similarities and disparities.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and ISI Web of knowledge identifying all average-risk CRC screening guideline publications within the last ten years and/or position statements published in the last 2 years. In addition, a hand-search of the webpages of National Gastroenterology Society websites, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the BMJ Clinical Evidence website,Google and Google Scholar was performed. RESULTS Fifteen guidelines were identified. Six guidelines were published in North America, four in Europe, four in Asia and one from the World Gastroenterology Organization. The majority of guidelines recommend screening average-risk individuals between ages 50 and 75 using colonoscopy(every 10 years), or flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS, every 5 years) or fecal occult blood test(FOBT, mainly the Fecal Immunochemical Test, annually or biennially). Disparities throughout the different guidelines are found relating to the use of colonoscopy, rank order between test, screening intervals and optimal age ranges for screening. CONCLUSION Average risk individuals between 50 and 75 years should undergo CRC screening. Recommendations for optimal surveillance intervals, preferred tests/test cascade as well as the optimal timing when to start and stop screening differ regionally and should be considered for clinical decision making. Furthermore, local resource availability and patient preferences are important to increase CRC screening uptake, as any screening is better than none.
文摘A systematic review was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze the methods as well as recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines （CPG） and Best Practice Statements （BPS） concerning varicocele in the pediatric and adolescent population. An electronic search was performed with the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scielo databases, as well as guidelines＇ Web sites until September 2015. Four guidelines were included in the qualitative synthesis. In general, the recommendations provided by the CPG/BPS were consistent despite the existence of some gaps across the studies. The guidelines issued by the American Urological Association （AUA） and American Society for Reproductive Medicine （ASRM） did not provide evidence-based levels for the recommendations given. Most of the recommendations given by the European Association of Urology （EAU） and European Society of Pediatric Urology （ESPU） were derived from nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and expert opinion. Among all CPG/BPS, only one was specifically designed for the pediatric population. The studied guidelines did not undertake independent cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit analysis. The main objectives of these guidelines were to translate the best evidence into practice and provide a framework of standardized care while maintaining clinical autonomy and physician judgment. However, the limitations identified in the CPG/BPS for the diagnosis and management of varicocele in children and adolescents indicate ample opportunities for research and future incorporation of higher quality standards in patient care.
文摘BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing diets has rapidly led to a sharp increase in celiac disease prevalence.This condition was thought to be very rare outside Europe and relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media.However,in recent years,the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones has led to the emergence of celiac disease(CD)from obscurity to global prominence.These modifications have prompted experts worldwide to identify effective strategies for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.Different scientific societies,mainly from Europe and America,have proposed guidelines based on CD's most recent evidence.AIM To identify the most recent scientific guidelines on CD,aiming to find and critically analyse the main differences.METHODS We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between January 2010 and January 2021 in the English language.PubMed was lastly accessed on 1 March 2021.RESULTS We distinguished guidelines from 7 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognized and representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis,HLA testing,follow-up protocols,and procedures.CONCLUSION We found a relatively high concordance between the guidelines for CD.Important modifications have occurred in the last years,especially about the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis in children.Other modifications are expected in the next future and will probably involve the extension of the non-invasive diagnosis to the adult population and the follow-up modalities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20191)。
文摘Brazing filler metals are widely applied,which serve as an industrial adhesive in the joining of dissimilar structures.With the continuous emergence of new structures and materials,the demand for novel brazing filler metals is ever-increasing.It is of great significance to investigate the optimized composition design methods and to establish systematic design guidelines for brazing filler metals.This study elucidated the fundamental rules for the composition design of brazing filler metals from a three-dimensional perspective encompassing the basic properties of applied brazing filler metals,formability and processability,and overall cost.The basic properties of brazing filler metals refer to their mechanical properties,physicochemical properties,electromagnetic properties,corrosion resistance,and the wettability and fluidity during brazing.The formability and processability of brazing filler metals include the processes of smelting and casting,extrusion,rolling,drawing and ring-making,as well as the processes of granulation,powder production,and the molding of amorphous and microcrystalline structures.The cost of brazing filler metals corresponds to the sum of materials value and manufacturing cost.Improving the comprehensive properties of brazing filler metals requires a comprehensive and systematic consideration of design indicators.Highlighting the unique characteristics of brazing filler metals should focus on relevant technical indicators.Binary or ternary eutectic structures can effectively enhance the flow spreading ability of brazing filler metals,and solid solution structures contribute to the formability.By employing the proposed design guidelines,typical Ag based,Cu based,Zn based brazing filler metals,and Sn based solders were designed and successfully applied in major scientific and engineering projects.
文摘Colonoscopy represents a safe procedure that is widely used in medical practice either to diagnose or treat various gastrointestinal diseases.During the last few years,the incidence rate of perforations in colonoscopic procedures has increased,especially in therapeutic colonoscopies.The recent advancements in endoscopic techniques and gastrointestinal tumoral resection procedures such as endoscopic mucosal resection,endoscopic full-thickness resection,and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)could be a risk factor for this increased risk.The incidence rate of mortality of serious colonoscopic perforations is 7.1%.The management plan for these perforations starts with conservative treatment in mild cases,endoscopic closure,and surgical management in severe cases.Recently,endoluminal vacuum therapy was found to be effective in the management of colorectal perforations and this has been reported in multiple case reports.This editorial provides an overview of the current guidelines for the management of iatrogenic colorectal perforations.These insights are from the perspectives of endoscopists and gastroenterologists.We also present a management algorithm based on the guidelines of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,the American Gastroenterological Association,and the World Society of Emergency Surgery.We also discussed in brief the use of endoluminal vacuum therapy in colorectal perforations.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)in the context of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and determine whether any factors affect the quality.METHODS:We searched eight databases along with five international and national organizations to develop or archive guidelines from their inception to July 2023,with an additional search of medlive.cn.And the authoritative organizations related to nephrology.CPGs and consensus statements created using direct differential diagnosis or therapy for DKD were included without language restrictions.Their quality was evaluated by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ)instrument.Along with the item and domain scores,the guideline was also allocated an overall quality score,which ranged from 1(lowest possible quality)to 7(highest possible quality).Moreover,an overall recommendation for use was also assigned(“recommended”,“recommended with modifications”or“not recommended”).RESULTS:A total of 16 CPGs were included,of which 14 were from Asia and the remaining two from Europe.These two CPGs were updated in the third version.Six CPGs were recommended for use because their primary domains scored in the medium or high category.Furthermore,five CPGs were recommended with modifications as the stakeholder involvement,applicability,and editorial independence domains were evaluated as low categories.In all domains,the lowest average score was for rigour of development(33%),followed by application(36%),and stakeholder involvement(51%).The highest average score was for scope and purpose(79%),followed by clarity of presentation(75%).None of the CPGs considered the patient's viewpoint,and six of 16 CPGs did not use any grading system to translate the evidence into recommendations.Additionally,only three of 16 CPGs shared search strategy,and eight of 16 CPGs did not declare a funding source.CONCLUSIONS:According to the AGREE II evaluation,more than one in four CPGs for DKD had poor methodological quality.Enhanced efforts are needed to advance the rigour of development,application,and editorial independence of DKD guideline panels for most guidelines.Stakeholders,CPG developers,and CPG users should consider methodological quality while choosing CPGs,and interpret and implement their issued suggestions.
文摘Facility management and maintenance of the Thermal-Energy-Storage Air-Conditioning(TES-AC)system is a tedious task at a large scale mainly due to the charging load that can increase energy consumption if needed to be charged at peak hours.Besides,maintenance of TES-AC at a large scale gets complex as it contains many sensor data.By utilizing deep learning techniques on the sensor data,charging load prediction can be made possible,so facility managers can prepare in advance.However,a deep learning-based application will be unusable if it is not deployed in a user-friendly manner where facility managers can benefit from this application.Hence,this research focuses on gathering design guidelines for a deep learning-based application and further validates the design considerations with a developed application for efficient human-computer interaction through qualitative analysis.The approach taken to gather design guidelines demonstrated a positive correlation between expert-suggested features and the user-friendly aspect of the application as 67.08%of participants found the features suggested by experts to be most satisfactory.Furthermore,it evaluates user satisfaction with the advanced developed application for TES-AC according to the gathered design guidelines.
文摘Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related health outcome measurement tools.Methods:Databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Embase were searched,and the search time frame was established until January 2023.The literature was independently screened by two researchers.The methodological quality and measurement performance of the included scales were evaluated using the health measurement tool selection criteria,and the evaluation results were summarized and analyzed using descriptive analysis.Results:A total of six papers were included,covering six specific scales,with significant differences in the methodological quality and measurement performance of their development studies,none of which evaluated hypothesis testing,the validity of scales,cross-cultural validity,measurement error,or responsiveness.Conclusion:The methodological quality and scale measurement performance of the maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy,the women’s reproductive health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire,and the maternal and infant health literacy scale development studies are relatively high,but the number of studies on maternal and infant health literacy specific scales is relatively insufficient,and more studies should be conducted in the future.
文摘Objectives:This study employed evidence mapping to systematically evaluate clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)for neurogenic bladder(NB)care.We aimed to identify research trends,evidence gaps,and consensus patterns to inform evidence-based nursing practices and support the formulation of highquality CPGs.Methods:A systematic search of electronic databases and guideline repositories was conducted,included PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Guidelines International Network(GIN),ect.Eligible NB guidelines underwent dual-researcher screening and extraction,and methodological and recommendation quality were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence(AGREE-REX)instruments.Five researchers independently evaluated recommendation specificity,evidence grading systems,and implementation consistency.Discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussion or third-party arbitration.Results:Analysis of 19 CPGs(2006–2023)from 11 countries/regions revealed that 78.95%(15/19)incorporated evidence grading systems and 68.42%(13/19)specifiedrecommendation strength.The AGREE II evaluation identifiedcritical methodological deficiencies,with three domains scoring below the acceptable thresholds:Rigor of Development(41.70%),Editorial Independence(43.30%),and Applicability(30.00%).The AGREE-REX results showed moderate performance in Clinical Applicability(55.56%)and implantability(41.67%)but severe gaps in Values and Preferences(25.00%).A systematic synthesis identified40 recommendations:90%(36/40)demonstrated consensus and 10%(4/40)contradictions.These studies addressed the following six clinical themes:1)nursing assessment,2)manipulation-assisted voiding,3)behavioral therapy,4)intermittent catheterization,5)indwelling catheterization,and 6)other therapies.Conclusions:The methodologies and recommendations of the CPGs for NB in nursing demonstrated substantial variability.Therefore,there is an urgent need to improve the quality of the NB-related CPGs.More in-depth research and timely updates are required to enhance the practical utility of CPGs and narrow the gap between CPGs and clinical practice.
基金Supported by WFAS 2023 International Standard Project of Acupuncture-Moxibustion:WFASRP2023-SC05Tianjin Nankai District Pilot Demonstration Project for Integrated Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine:20250102001Beijing Natural Science:7252224。
文摘Objective:In this study,we evaluated the methodological quality of systematic reviews on acupuncture and moxibustion for the prevention and management of cancer-related conditions,aiming to provide evidence-based support and establish levels of evidence for clinical application.Method:A comprehensive search was conducted to identify systematic reviews on acupuncture and mox-ibustion for the prevention and management of cancer-related conditions,covering databases including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Databases,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and Wanfang Data,from their in-ception to August 1,2024.The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed by using AMSTAR 2,and bubble plots were employed to visualize the evidence.Results:Overall,137 systematic reviews were included,with China being the most prolific country,with 117 reviews.These reviews addressed 21 cancer-related conditions,with the three most frequently stud-ied being cancer-related fatigue(25 reviews),nausea and vomiting(20 reviews),and cancer pain(19 re-views).The three most commonly used acupuncture modalities were manual acupuncture(81 reviews),electroacupuncture(55 reviews),and moxibustion(39 reviews).Quality assessment revealed that one systematic review was rated as“high quality,”eight as“low quality,”and 128 as“critically low quality,”primarily due to the absence of protocol registration and lists of excluded studies.Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion have shown potential efficacy in alleviating cancer-related con-ditions and treatment-related adverse effects,and their clinical use has been widely reported.However,the overall methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was low,limiting the reliability and the strength of the evidence.Future high-quality studies are needed to improve the quality of evidence and support the standardized application and broader promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82373415)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation(No.Ytongshu2021/ms-0003)。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the digestive system and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(1).In China,CRC ranks as the second most common cancer with incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise(2).The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)first introduced its guidelines in 2017,and since then,they have been updated annually to incorporate the latest clinical research findings,drug availability,and expert consensus(3-8).This article presents the key updates in the 2025 edition compared to the 2024 version.
文摘1.Introduction Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines—which encompass regular physical activity,adequate sleep,and limited sedentary time1—significantly influences long-term health outcomes during adolescence and contributes holistically to overall health.2 However,its prospective relationship with midlife mortality remains unknown to date.Our aim was to determine the association between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines during adolescence and premature mortality 26-27 years later.This aim was based on existing evidence3 suggesting a potential link between meeting these guidelines and reduced mortality risk among adults in an 11-year follow-up.
文摘Purpose:The aim was to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research that identified the most effective educational strategies for nurse-led inhaler technique(IT)education in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)patients,as perceived by patients,healthcare providers,and nurses.Methods:A systematic literature search in Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CINAHL from 2018 to 30 June 2024 was conducted.In total,327 articles were identified.The results of 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria were synthesized.Data were analyzed with des-criptive and semi-quantitative methods to yield summarizing findings on the effectiveness of different educational strate-gies.All investigations had assessed patient adherence to IT.Results:Data indicated that nurse-led IT teaching strategies are effective in promoting IT adherence and correctness in COPD patients utilizing the personalized Teach-Back method.However,studies in disease control and comparison of patient IT satisfaction and self-efficacy need further investigation.Conclusion:The results of this study may contribute to the understanding of the most effective educational strategies in nurse-led IT education for COPD patients.The synthesized findings can be used for the development of new educational interventions and assessment instruments for IT adherence.
文摘Background:Preterm birth and neonatal mortality continue to pose significant public health challenges in Ghana.This study explores their temporal trends and associated determinants from 2008 to 2022.Methods:Birth record data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys(2008,2014,and 2022)were used to analyse trends and determinants in neonatal mortality and preterm birth aligned with World Health Organization antenatal care(ANC)guidelines using Pearson’s Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression with statistical significance at P<0.05 and 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:Preterm birth rate and neonatal mortality rate decreased from 13.0%to 9.1%and 27.6 to 23.7 per 1000 live births from 2008 to 2022 respectively.Lack of iron supplementation(odds ratio[OR]1.127,95%CI:1.047 to 1.967)a nutritional intervention maternal assessments(moderate/severe anaemia(OR 1.423,95%CI:1.178 to 2.051),preventive measures(Untreated malaria(OR 1.449,95%CI:1.104 to 2.411)or deworming(OR 1.267,95%CI:0.970 to 1.645)were associated with increased preterm birth risk.Attending<8 ANC visits raised the odds of preterm birth(OR 1.24,95%CI:1.03 to 1.257)and neonatal mortality(OR 1.583,95%CI:1.120 to 2.480).Conclusion:Despite reductions in preterm birth and neonatal mortality rates,substantial gaps in antenatal care remain.Strengthening the implementation of World Health Organization ANC guidelines is critical to reducing preterm birth and neonatal mortality in Ghana.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074222)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022‑PUMCH‑B‑054)
文摘Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases,especially among elderly,surgical and critically ill patients.With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)in China,accurate diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient prognosis.These guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary experts through a systematic review of evidence-based medical literature.They adopt the new international standard for malnutrition diagnosis from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)proposed by the Global Nutrition Organization and categorize evidence levels,providing recommendations tailored to the Chinese population’s data and characteristics.The guidelines cover the entire process of malnutrition diagnosis in adult patients,including definition,epidemiology,nutrition risk screening,multi-level nutrition assessment,and diagnostic procedures.They also propose individualized diagnostic strategies for specific patient groups,such as obese or critically ill patients,and establish a standardized process for malnutrition diagnosis.At last,the guidelines form 27 questions,38 recommendations,in order to improve the practical capacity of malnutrition diagnosis in China.
文摘Sham acupuncture,as a control intervention in acupuncture studies,has been widely conducted to eval-uate the specific effect of acupuncture.However,there was no relevant particular reporting guideline,so the reporting quality of sham acupuncture was low,which could hinder the precise understanding and interpretation of details and implementation background of sham acupuncture by researchers.In order to standardize the reporting of sham acupuncture and improve its quality,SHam Acupuncture REporting guidelines and a checklist in clinical trials(SHARE)was developed by a research team from Beijing Univer-sity of Chinese Medicine.The SAHRE standardizes the reporting of sham acupuncture from 10 categories,including brief name,rationales,details of sham acupuncture,treatment regimen of sham acupuncture,the information informed or explained to patients,practitioner information,modifications of protocol,communication between practitioner and patient,practitioner adherence and blinding.This article elab-orates the development process and key content of SHARE in order to facilitate its application by re-searchers.
基金supported by the Shanghai Excellent Academic Leader(Grant No.21XD1423200)。
文摘In the past year,several advancements have been achieved in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.These achievements have provided additional options for improving patient outcomes.The 2024 Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for NSCLC(CSCO NSCLC),a key reference for clinical oncologists in China,have incorporated current global research and adapted recommendations for applicability in real-world scenarios in China.This update covers not only patient selection,efficacy,and safety,but also considers economics,and accessibility,with an aim to provide more precise and comprehensive treatment guidance for Chinese oncologists.
文摘The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitoring,complication observation and management,positioning and mobility away from the bed,and quality assurance.These Guidelines encompass all the phases of intravenous thrombolysis care for patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.This article aims to elucidate the Guidelines by discussing their developmental background,the designation process,usage recommendations,and the interpretation of evolving perspectives,thereby providing valuable insights for clinical practice.
