The performance of maize, beans and sunflower was evalu- ated under a canopy ofPopulus deltoides and Ulmus wallichiana at Fac- ulty of Agriculture, Wadura. The germination, growth and yield of the three test crops wer...The performance of maize, beans and sunflower was evalu- ated under a canopy ofPopulus deltoides and Ulmus wallichiana at Fac- ulty of Agriculture, Wadura. The germination, growth and yield of the three test crops were suppressed under both tree species. The reduction, however, decreased when the cultivation of test crops was continued for three years. The inhibition potential generally is in the order of P del- toides 〈 U. wallichiana for maize and sunflower and P. deltoides 〉 U. wallichiana for beans. Available soil N, P and K increased under the canopy of the selected tree species. The soils under U. wallichiana were more fertile than those under P deltoides. Chromatographic investigation of extracts showed that the soils under P deltoides and U. wallichiana differed in their composition of phenolic acids and phenolic glycocides. Except for caffic acid, all other allelochemicals disappeared and were no longer recovered in soil samples obtained after the second or third year of cultivation. Tree-crop compatibility can be explored in greater detail for improved management of traditional agro-ecosystems in Kashmir to increase the overall productivity of the land.展开更多
A common problem in rabbit production is the occurrence of digestive disorders just after weaning, and fiber is well known to be bcncficiai for rabbit gastrointestinal health. In order to test the hypothesis that w...A common problem in rabbit production is the occurrence of digestive disorders just after weaning, and fiber is well known to be bcncficiai for rabbit gastrointestinal health. In order to test the hypothesis that whether the good points of fiber increases with its dietary content, three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets and ninety mixed-sex New Zealand rabbits weaned 35-d-old were used. The results can be concluded as following： （1） Average daily feed intake （ADFI） tended to increase （i〉=0.058） while average daily gain （ADG） （p=0.001） and feed conversion ratio （FCR） （p〈0.001） deteriorated with increasing dietary ADF content. The highest morbidity was observed in the rabbits fed the highest dietary ADF concentration. （2）A decreasing coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility （CTTAD） of dry matter （DM） and crude protein （CP） was obtained with the increase of dietary fiber level （p〈0.001 and =0.003）. （3） A significant negative effect of treatments on sucrase and maltase activities in the jejunum was observed （p=0.001 and 0.003）. （4） The volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration （p=0.011） and butyric acid （% total VFA） （P=0.001） dropped while the NH3-N concentration （P〈0.001）, pH （P=0.004） and acetic acid （% total VFA） （P〈0.001） increased with increasing dietary ADF. It was concluded that high fiber level was unfavorable to the rabbits in the first two weeks after weaning.展开更多
This experiment aimed to investigate the potential impact of supplementing different levels of black soldier fly(BSF)on growth performance,serum antioxidants,and ruminal microbiota of goats.Twenty-four native Anglo-Th...This experiment aimed to investigate the potential impact of supplementing different levels of black soldier fly(BSF)on growth performance,serum antioxidants,and ruminal microbiota of goats.Twenty-four native Anglo-Thai male goats(18.43±0.76 kg)were distributed across 4 dietary treatments with 6 repetitions in each group.The control treatment(BSF0)did not include BSF,the other treatments(BSF5,BSF10,and BSF15)contained 5%,10%,and 15%of BSF,respectively.Black soldier fly supplementation did not affect(P>0.05)growth performance.With increasing supplementation levels,the digestibility of dry matter(DM)decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05),while organic matter(OM)decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP)decreased linearly(P<0.001),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05).Serum malondialdehyde concentration showed a linear(P<0.05)response at 0 h,while superoxide dismutase activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-trinitrophenylhydrazine(DPPH)concentration exhibited linear responses(P<0.05)at 4 h.Black soldier fly supplementation did not affect(P>0.05)ruminal pH.In the BSF15 group,ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH3–N)concentration decreased quadratically(P<0.001)at 0 h,and linearly(P<0.05)at 2 and 4 h.Acetic acid decreased linearly(P<0.05)at 2 and 4 h,propionic acid decreased linearly(P=0.029)at 4 h.However,the concentration of butyric acid significantly increased(P<0.05).Total volatile fatty acids(VFAs)were highest(P<0.05)in the BSF5 group,equal in BSF0 and BSF10,and lowest(P<0.05)in the BSF15 group.The supplementation of BSF did not affect(P>0.05)Chao 1,Shannon,and Simpson.The most abundant phylum were Bacillota,Bacteroidota,and Candidatus Saccharibacteria,the most abundant genera were Xylanibacter,Saccharibacteria,Butyrivibrio,and Ruminococcus,and there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)among the 4 treatments.In summary,supplementing with BSF did not affect the growth performance and ruminal microbiota of goats.It was noteworthy that the supplementation of BSF at 5%and 10%were beneficial,as they increased antioxidant levels and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids.In contrast,the supplementation of 15%BSF results in decreased digestibility,antioxidant levels,and VFA parameters.Therefore,we recommend limiting the addition of BSF in goat diets to no more than 10%.展开更多
文摘The performance of maize, beans and sunflower was evalu- ated under a canopy ofPopulus deltoides and Ulmus wallichiana at Fac- ulty of Agriculture, Wadura. The germination, growth and yield of the three test crops were suppressed under both tree species. The reduction, however, decreased when the cultivation of test crops was continued for three years. The inhibition potential generally is in the order of P del- toides 〈 U. wallichiana for maize and sunflower and P. deltoides 〉 U. wallichiana for beans. Available soil N, P and K increased under the canopy of the selected tree species. The soils under U. wallichiana were more fertile than those under P deltoides. Chromatographic investigation of extracts showed that the soils under P deltoides and U. wallichiana differed in their composition of phenolic acids and phenolic glycocides. Except for caffic acid, all other allelochemicals disappeared and were no longer recovered in soil samples obtained after the second or third year of cultivation. Tree-crop compatibility can be explored in greater detail for improved management of traditional agro-ecosystems in Kashmir to increase the overall productivity of the land.
文摘A common problem in rabbit production is the occurrence of digestive disorders just after weaning, and fiber is well known to be bcncficiai for rabbit gastrointestinal health. In order to test the hypothesis that whether the good points of fiber increases with its dietary content, three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets and ninety mixed-sex New Zealand rabbits weaned 35-d-old were used. The results can be concluded as following： （1） Average daily feed intake （ADFI） tended to increase （i〉=0.058） while average daily gain （ADG） （p=0.001） and feed conversion ratio （FCR） （p〈0.001） deteriorated with increasing dietary ADF content. The highest morbidity was observed in the rabbits fed the highest dietary ADF concentration. （2）A decreasing coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility （CTTAD） of dry matter （DM） and crude protein （CP） was obtained with the increase of dietary fiber level （p〈0.001 and =0.003）. （3） A significant negative effect of treatments on sucrase and maltase activities in the jejunum was observed （p=0.001 and 0.003）. （4） The volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration （p=0.011） and butyric acid （% total VFA） （P=0.001） dropped while the NH3-N concentration （P〈0.001）, pH （P=0.004） and acetic acid （% total VFA） （P〈0.001） increased with increasing dietary ADF. It was concluded that high fiber level was unfavorable to the rabbits in the first two weeks after weaning.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) project code NRCT5-RSA63009-01the Suranaree University of Technology scholarship for External Grants and Scholarships for Graduate Students (SUT-OROG scholarship) as a source of funding
文摘This experiment aimed to investigate the potential impact of supplementing different levels of black soldier fly(BSF)on growth performance,serum antioxidants,and ruminal microbiota of goats.Twenty-four native Anglo-Thai male goats(18.43±0.76 kg)were distributed across 4 dietary treatments with 6 repetitions in each group.The control treatment(BSF0)did not include BSF,the other treatments(BSF5,BSF10,and BSF15)contained 5%,10%,and 15%of BSF,respectively.Black soldier fly supplementation did not affect(P>0.05)growth performance.With increasing supplementation levels,the digestibility of dry matter(DM)decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05),while organic matter(OM)decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP)decreased linearly(P<0.001),and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05).Serum malondialdehyde concentration showed a linear(P<0.05)response at 0 h,while superoxide dismutase activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-trinitrophenylhydrazine(DPPH)concentration exhibited linear responses(P<0.05)at 4 h.Black soldier fly supplementation did not affect(P>0.05)ruminal pH.In the BSF15 group,ruminal ammonia nitrogen(NH3–N)concentration decreased quadratically(P<0.001)at 0 h,and linearly(P<0.05)at 2 and 4 h.Acetic acid decreased linearly(P<0.05)at 2 and 4 h,propionic acid decreased linearly(P=0.029)at 4 h.However,the concentration of butyric acid significantly increased(P<0.05).Total volatile fatty acids(VFAs)were highest(P<0.05)in the BSF5 group,equal in BSF0 and BSF10,and lowest(P<0.05)in the BSF15 group.The supplementation of BSF did not affect(P>0.05)Chao 1,Shannon,and Simpson.The most abundant phylum were Bacillota,Bacteroidota,and Candidatus Saccharibacteria,the most abundant genera were Xylanibacter,Saccharibacteria,Butyrivibrio,and Ruminococcus,and there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)among the 4 treatments.In summary,supplementing with BSF did not affect the growth performance and ruminal microbiota of goats.It was noteworthy that the supplementation of BSF at 5%and 10%were beneficial,as they increased antioxidant levels and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids.In contrast,the supplementation of 15%BSF results in decreased digestibility,antioxidant levels,and VFA parameters.Therefore,we recommend limiting the addition of BSF in goat diets to no more than 10%.
