Accumulating data suggest that FGFs/FGFR1 plays essential roles in the bone development and human skeletal diseases. Conditional inactivation of fgfrl caused different phenotypes displaying in different cells or speci...Accumulating data suggest that FGFs/FGFR1 plays essential roles in the bone development and human skeletal diseases. Conditional inactivation of fgfrl caused different phenotypes displaying in different cells or specific organs and revealed some novel functions of FGFR1 in bone development. Fgfrl mutation mainly induced 2 types of human skeletal diseases, craniosynostosis syndrome and dysplasias. Similar mutation of fgfrl in mouse model just mimicked the phenotype that happened in human. These fa- cilitate the investigation on the underlying mechanism of the diseases. Here we mainly focused on the ad- vance of FGFR1 function in the bone development and its mutation caused skeletal diseases.展开更多
A morphology-based growth stage system should describe the growth and development of a crop and thereby help farmers and agronomists in formulating reasonable managementmeasures conducive to the development of marketa...A morphology-based growth stage system should describe the growth and development of a crop and thereby help farmers and agronomists in formulating reasonable managementmeasures conducive to the development of marketable products.However,existing growth stage systems for soybean are either based on plant growth or covered particular phases of flower or pod development,making it difficult to use for tracking the entire growth period of individual flowers and pods.Therefore,the first flower and pod,located at the base of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate node of the main stem,were chosen to illustrate growth dynamics during the full reproductive period.The size and fresh weight of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate leaf axil,the first flower and pod,the pistils in the first flower,and seeds in the first pod were examined,and the growth of these organs was depicted.Integrating the morphological characteristics and growth features of flowers and pods,as well as existing growth stage systems,the growth and development were delineated in 13 stages.In detail,we classified the flower phase based on the relative positions of floral components,inspired by the ratio of bract to flower used for staging,refined the lag phase proposed previously,retained the use of pod length to define the early pod phase,and innovatively described the late pod phase by the seed appearance.The developmental events in each stage of flower and pod were distinctive and closely connected to the corresponding morphology.Taken together,a more detailed growth stage system for describing individual flowers and pods in soybean was established.This system will serve as a valuable research tool for describing the development,gene expression,and cellular metabolism associated with the formation of flowers,pods,and seeds.展开更多
The growth plate plays a crucial role in long bone development and elongation,housing stem cells that contribute to bone formation.This study investigates the role of primary cilia,specialized organelles that regulate...The growth plate plays a crucial role in long bone development and elongation,housing stem cells that contribute to bone formation.This study investigates the role of primary cilia,specialized organelles that regulate stem cell fate,in the development and repair of long bones.Here,we report the presence of primary cilia in all zones of the growth plate,particularly during embryonic development.Spatial transcriptomics and analysis of conditional knockout(CKO)mice identified that primary cilia mediate critical developmental signaling pathways within the growth plate.Disruption of primary cilia in growth plate chondroblasts or osteoblasts impaired long bone development by activating the Wnt signaling pathway and disrupting the cellular stemness.This resulted in elevated Mmp13 secretion,abnormal mineralization,and structural defects,ultimately hindering bone elongation.Time-lapse imaging showed an increased frequency of abnormal mitosis and a reduced rate of asymmetric division in skeletal stem cells(SSCs)from CKO mice.In conclusion,our findings indicated that primary cilia are critical for long bone development,regulating stem cell fate through key signaling pathways.Loss of primary cilia leads to excessive Wnt signaling and disruption of SSC stemness,impairing bone elongation.This study highlights the essential role of primary cilia in bone development and suggests potential therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.展开更多
Economic growth and fair distribution are two major goals pursued in economic development.Through a comparative analysis of economies such as those in Europe and the United States,it is found that:Economic growth does...Economic growth and fair distribution are two major goals pursued in economic development.Through a comparative analysis of economies such as those in Europe and the United States,it is found that:Economic growth does not have to be conditional on the expansion of income gap;growth will not automatically lead to fair distribution;efficiency and fairness can occur simultaneously;the transformation of the economic development mode can be achieved through income distribution.A shared development model that takes into account both growth and fairness is the choice to achieve sustained and stable economic growth.It is necessary to deepen the reform of the income distribution system,improve social security and other measures to promote the development achievements to benefit the majority of workers more,and achieve both efficiency and fairness at the same time.展开更多
Nowadays,with the continuous deepening of quality-oriented education in China and the increasing demands of parents,especially the implementation of the new curriculum design concept,tremendous changes have taken plac...Nowadays,with the continuous deepening of quality-oriented education in China and the increasing demands of parents,especially the implementation of the new curriculum design concept,tremendous changes have taken place in teaching methods,teaching contents,teaching means,and learning approaches,which pose new challenges to the professional growth of preschool teachers.At present,preschool teachers are not only required to have a sense of responsibility and love,but also to have rich professional knowledge and skills,as well as new creative thinking and research ability.Even if the preschool teachers who have performed very well in traditional education are now struggling to adapt to the actual needs of educational development,which requires preschool teachers to continuously develop in the direction of specialization.This article will focus on how to promote the professional growth and development of preschool teachers to analyze and elaborate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Newborns with low-birth-weight may lag behind those with normal-birth-weight in terms of growth,development,and nutritional status,which increases mothers’concerns about the child’s future health and lead...BACKGROUND Newborns with low-birth-weight may lag behind those with normal-birth-weight in terms of growth,development,and nutritional status,which increases mothers’concerns about the child’s future health and leads to anxiety and depression.Providing nutritional support to newborns with low-birth-weight to facilitate optimal growth and development may help alleviate maternal anxiety and depre-ssion.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline data was observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Milk intake and TBIL levels in Group S were significantly better than those in Group L at 1,2,3,and 4 weeks after nutritional support(P<0.05).No significant differences in vomiting,abdominal distension,constipation,diarrhea,and residual adverse reactions were observed between the two groups during nutritional support(P>0.05).Group S had a significantly reduce of fewer complications(i.e.,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and infection)than did Group L during nutritional support(P<0.05).Before nutritional support,no significant differences in developmental indicators(weight,length,and head circumference)were noted between the two groups(P>0.05).However,after nutritional support,the weight,length,and head circumference of both groups were higher than those before intervention,with Group S having significantly higher values than did Group L(P<0.05).Mothers of children who received nutritional support had decreased SAS and SDS scores,with Group S mothers having significantly lower scores than did Group L mothers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Enteral nutrition support had significant effects on newborns weighing<2 kg within 24 hours of birth.In particular,it promoted the maturation of gastrointestinal function,enhanced nutrient absorption,promoted optimal short-term growth and development,and alleviated the mother’s anxiety and depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term so...BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.展开更多
BACKGROUND First-time mothers may encounter various problems during postpartum,which can result in negative emotions that can affect infant care.In today’s Internet era,continuous nursing services can be provided to ...BACKGROUND First-time mothers may encounter various problems during postpartum,which can result in negative emotions that can affect infant care.In today’s Internet era,continuous nursing services can be provided to mothers and their babies after delivery through Internet-based platforms.This approach can help reduce negative emotions of primiparas and promote better health for both mothers and babies.AIM To explore the effect of Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services on postpartum depression of primiparas and neonatal growth and development and thus provide a scientific basis for strengthening postpartum healthcare measures and better protect maternal and child health.METHODS The study retrospectively collected data of primiparas and their newborns who underwent prenatal examination and successfully delivered at the Ninth People’s Hospital of Suzhou City.The observation group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services between July and December 2024.According to the principle of matching(1:1)control study,the control group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received routine postpartum healthcare services between January and June 2024.The maternal role adaptation questionnaire scores,breastfeeding rates,Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS)scores,and newborn growth and development(height,head circumference,and weight)were compared between the two groups at the time of discharge after delivery and 6-week postpartum follow-up.RESULTS Upon hospital discharge,the two groups did not demonstrate significant differences in maternal role adaptation scores,breastfeeding rates,EPDS scores,as well as newborn height,head circumference,and weight at birth(P>0.05).At the 6-week postpartum follow-up,the maternal role adaptation score and breastfeeding rate were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,one case of postpartum depression was reported in the observation group and eight in the control group.Moreover,the control group exhibited a significant increase in EPDS scores compared with scores at hospital discharge(P<0.05),whereas the observation group showed only a marginal,nonsignificant increase in EPDS scores(P>0.05).The EPDS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),indicating a lower risk of postpartum depression in the observation group.The length,head circumference,and weight of the newborns 6 weeks after birth were increased compared with those at birth,and the growth rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),indicating better growth and development in the observation group.CONCLUSION Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services improve maternal role adaptation,increase breastfeeding rates,mitigate postpartum depression risk,and promote neonatal growth and development in primiparas.展开更多
Related to ABI3 and VP1(RAV)transcription factors belong to the AP2 and B3 superfamily.RAVs genes have been reported to be involved in plant growth and development regulation.This study screened three RAV genes from M...Related to ABI3 and VP1(RAV)transcription factors belong to the AP2 and B3 superfamily.RAVs genes have been reported to be involved in plant growth and development regulation.This study screened three RAV genes from Medicago truncatula and named one of them MtRAV1.The MtRAV1 overexpressing plants exhibits traits such as plant dwarfing,delayed flowering,reduced leaf and floral organs,increased branching,and reduced pods and seeds.Gene expression analysis results showed that overexpression of Mt RAV1 inhibited the expression of Flowering Locus T(MtFTa1),Suppressor of Overexpression of CO1(MtSOC1),GA3-oxidase1(MtGA3OX1),DWARF14(MtD14)and Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase7(MtCCD7).To further investigate the regulation pathway involved by MtRAV1,RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)and DNA affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq)analysis were conducted.RNA-seq results indicated that MtRAV1 might affect plant growth and development by regulating some genes in photosynthesis,circadian rhythm and plant hormone signaling pathways,especially the auxin signaling pathway.Conjoint analysis of DAP-seq and RNA-seq revealed that Mt RAV1 might inhibit the expression of Ferredoxin(Mt Fd-l3),Light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding Protein 1(Mt Lhcb-l2)and Small Auxin Up-regulated RNA(Mt SAUR-l),which related to photosystem II and auxin signaling pathway.Summarily,MtRAV1 was preliminarily proven to be a key growth inhibitory factor in M.truncatula.展开更多
[Objectives]To provide a reference for the promotion of appropriate row spacing configuration modes for cotton planting in the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang.[Methods]Xinluzao 63 was employed as the ...[Objectives]To provide a reference for the promotion of appropriate row spacing configuration modes for cotton planting in the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang.[Methods]Xinluzao 63 was employed as the research subject to examine the effects of three different configuration modes:three rows with one film,four rows with one film,and six rows with one film,on the growth and development of cotton,as well as on yield and the amount of residual film in the field.[Results]In comparison to the configuration modes of four rows with one film and six rows with one film,the development process in the row spacing configuration mode of three rows with one film was accelerated by 1-4 d.This configuration mode exhibited variability in several agronomic traits,particularly in plant height,the number of fruiting branches per plant,and the number of leaves per plant,with the observed trend indicating T3>T2>T1.Conversely,the height of the first fruiting branch node displayed an inverse trend.In terms of yield composition,no significant differences were observed in boll weight and yield among various configuration modes.However,T3 exhibited the highest boll weight at 5.68 g and a yield of 462.67 kg/667 m 2.Additionally,significant differences were noted in harvesting density and the number of bolls per plant.T3 demonstrated the lowest harvesting density at 1.11×104 plants/666.7 m 2,the highest number of bolls per plant at 8.63,and the highest boll opening rate at 97.48%.Furthermore,T3 also resulted in the least amount of agricultural film residue during the current season.[Conclusions]Among the three planting configuration modes examined,the low-density planting configuration mode consisting of three rows and one film demonstrated a significant advantage at the individual plant level.This approach yielded results comparable to those of the high density planting configuration mode while also reducing costs.Furthermore,low density planting positively influenced the cotton boll opening rate,leading to a decreased amount of residual film and promoting ecological health within the agricultural land.展开更多
Objective:To explore the positive role of developmental care measures in promoting the growth and development of premature infants,and analyze their specific effects on improving the sleep duration and quality of prem...Objective:To explore the positive role of developmental care measures in promoting the growth and development of premature infants,and analyze their specific effects on improving the sleep duration and quality of premature infants.Methods:A total of 80 premature infants who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The experimental group received comprehensive nursing intervention of developmental care during the nursing process;the control group adopted the traditional conventional nursing model.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in various physical indicators between the two groups of premature infants before nursing intervention.After nursing intervention,the scores of intellectual development level,psychomotor development index and various physical indicators of premature infants in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:The implementation of developmental care for premature infants can significantly improve their various developmental indicators,which can not only effectively promote the rapid development of premature infants’mental and physical growth,but also improve their sleep quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pathological calcification is a common feature of many diseases.Calcifying nanoparticles(CNPs)are considered potential inducers of this abnormal calcification,but their specific effects on bone marrow mesen...BACKGROUND Pathological calcification is a common feature of many diseases.Calcifying nanoparticles(CNPs)are considered potential inducers of this abnormal calcification,but their specific effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)remain unclear.BMSCs are key cells in bone formation and repair,and their aberrant apoptosis and calcification are closely related to disease progression.AIM To explore whether CNPs can induce apoptosis and calcification in BMSCs and analyzed the relationship between these processes.The differential effects of CNPs and nanoscale hydroxyapatites(nHAPs)in inducing apoptosis and calcification in BMSCs were also compared.METHODS CNPs obtained in the early stage were identified by electron microscopy and particle size analysis.BMSCs were cultured with various treatments,including different concentrations of nHAPs,CNPs[2 McFarland(MCF)turbidity,4 MCF,6 MCF],and a transforming growth factor(TGF)-βinhibitor(SB431542)for 72 hours.The isolated CNPs exhibited the expected sizes and shapes.RESULTS Exposure to CNPs and nHAPs suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner,with CNPs exhibiting significantly stronger effects.Alizarin Red staining indicated an increase in calcium deposition with exposure to increasing concentrations of nHAPs and CNPs.Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results indicated that medium concentrations of nHAPs and CNPs significantly enhanced the expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-calcification markers,whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was reduced compared with untreated controls.Western blotting results showed that medium concentrations of CNPs and nHAPs increased the expression of osteopontin,bone morphogenetic protein-2,TGF-β/Smad,Bax,and caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression compared with controls.CONCLUSION CNPs and nHAPs induced apoptosis and calcification in BMSCs,with CNPs being the most potent.Additionally,the TGF-βinhibitor SB431542 significantly reduced the occurrence of apoptosis and calcification.A correlation was found between apoptosis and calcification,which is likely mediated through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.展开更多
This study endeavors to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on bone formation and resorption balance in growing BALB/c mice.Newborn BALB/c mice were assigned to the control group(administration s...This study endeavors to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on bone formation and resorption balance in growing BALB/c mice.Newborn BALB/c mice were assigned to the control group(administration saline)and the CCFM1078 group(administration B.breve CCFM1078,3×10^(9) CFU/day)in 3-,4-,and 5-week tests.All the groups have male and female distinctions.Our findings demonstrate that B.breve CCFM1078 exerts on the dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and resorption during the critical period of growth in mice by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites(hexadecanamide,linoleoyl ethanolamide,and palmitoyl ethanolamide),the genes and proteins expression related to the growth hormone(GH)/insulin-like growth factors-1(IGF-1)axis and Gs/PKA/CREB signaling pathways,as well as downstream osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation factors.The effects of B.breve CCFM1078 were different with age and gender dependent.This finding suggests B.breve CCFM1078 may have potential applications in regulating bone metabolism in the growth period population.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Amomum villosum on longitudinal bone growth.METHODS:Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups and treated for 4 days:control(distille...OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Amomum villosum on longitudinal bone growth.METHODS:Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups and treated for 4 days:control(distilled water,p.o.),recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH;100 μg/kg,s.c.),and A.villosum(500 mg/kg,p.o.) groups.On day 3,tetracycline(20 g/kg,i.p.) was injected for growth plate identification.On days 2,3 and 4,5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(BrdU)(50 mg/kg,i.p.) was injected to label proliferating cells.On day 5,tibias were dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde,dehydrated,and sectioned for immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry.RESULTS:The rate of bone growth in the A.villosum and rhGH groups increased to(410 ± 44) and(389 ± 46) μm/day(P<0.01),respectively,as compared with the control(330.7 ± 34.7) μm/day.The thickness of the growth plates also increased to(591 ± 37) and(598 ± 32) μm,respectively,as compared with the control(524± 89) μm(P<0.001).The number of BrdU-positive cells in the chondrocytes of the A.villosum and rhGH groups was also significantly higher(126±24) and(143±18) cells/mm 2,respectively) than in the control(109 ± 25) mm 2(P<0.05).Insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the A.villosum and rhGH groups were highly expressed in the growth plate as compared with the control samples,indicating increased bone formation.CONCLUSIONS:A.villosum could be used to treat growth retardation during adolescence.展开更多
As the global economy navigates through a complex landscape of uncertainty and shifting dynamics,the Chinese economy stands out for its remarkable resilience,inherent vitality,and steadfast commitment to a transformat...As the global economy navigates through a complex landscape of uncertainty and shifting dynamics,the Chinese economy stands out for its remarkable resilience,inherent vitality,and steadfast commitment to a transformative,high-quality development path.The latest economic indicators,strategic policy guidance from the Central Economic Work Conference,and a surge in international confidence collectively present a picture of an economy not merely recovering,but actively building its new growth engines.China is transitioning towards a more sustainable and innovation-driven model,with new quality productive forces playing an increasingly prominent role.展开更多
In order to improve the meat production performance of local sheep varieties in Gansu Province, Dorset was introduced to crossbreed with the local sheep varieties, including Tan sheep, Small Tail Han sheep and Mongoli...In order to improve the meat production performance of local sheep varieties in Gansu Province, Dorset was introduced to crossbreed with the local sheep varieties, including Tan sheep, Small Tail Han sheep and Mongolia sheep. The offspring of different crossbreeding combinations were sampled randomly at different growth stages, and their growth and development traits were measured so as to screen out the best crossbreeding mode. The results showed that under the same crossbreeding mode, the growth rate of F3 was higher than that of F2, and of F2 was higher than that of F1. Among the F3 population, the growth rates of Dorset ×Han and Dorset × Mongolia hybrids were higher. Compared with those of Dorset ×Tan F3 hybrids, the body weights of male and female Dorset × Han and Dorset ×Mongolia F3 hybrids were increased by 5.59%, 4.40%, 5.93% and 3.76%, respectively. Among the F2 population, the growth rates of Dorset × Han and Dorset ×Mongolia hybrids were also higher. The body weights of male and female Dorset ×Han and Dorset × Mongolia F2 hybrids were higher than those of Dorset × Tan ×Han F2 hybrids by 5.99%, 3.67%, 9.80% and 5.00%, respectively. In the F1 population, the growth rates of Dorset × Han and Dorset × Mongolia hybrids were higher.Compared with those of Tan × Han F1 hybrids, the body weights of male and female Dorset × Han and Dorset × Mongolia F1 hybrids were increased by 11.32%,5.22%, 7.60% and 7.20%, respectively. Therefore, in the feeding area of Small Tai Han sheep, Mongolia sheep and Tan sheep, Dorset was the best sire for producing hybrid lambs. The economic benefit of crossbred offspring was obvious.展开更多
The growth and development of Jingjiang Taro [Colocasia esculenta（L.） Schott] were observed, laying foundation for highly-yielding cultivation technology system of Xiangsha taro. The results indicate that germinatio...The growth and development of Jingjiang Taro [Colocasia esculenta（L.） Schott] were observed, laying foundation for highly-yielding cultivation technology system of Xiangsha taro. The results indicate that germination of the second taro happened from 46 d after sprouting （7-8 leaves）; the first taro began to expand, from 125 d after sprouting （12 leaves） when the the second taro was been formed; the third taro began to form from 141 to 150 d after sprouting （15-16 leaves）. The fresh weight of the second and third taros quickly increased from the time of 15 leaves to harvest. Early September is a transformation term of Xiangsha taro from vegetative body dominant to corm growth dominant.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of oral administration of arginine on linear growth of long bones in male pubertal rats and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on expression of genes related to the hypothalamus-pi...Objective To investigate the effect of oral administration of arginine on linear growth of long bones in male pubertal rats and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on expression of genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary growth axis and the nitric oxide （NO）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） pathway. Methods Rats were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, arginine was solved in water （0.045 g L-arginine was mixed with 1 mL water） and administered in rats （10 mL/kg） through gastric perfusion once per day, for totally 28 d. Rats in the control group received normal saline treatment. Bone histomorphometry analysis was used to measure growth plate width and mineral apposition rate of the tibia, as well as trabecular bone volume fraction, osteoblast surface and osteo- clast surface of the femur. Serum growth hormone （GH） concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）, soluble guanylyl cyclases （sGCal and sGCfll）, growth hormone-releasing hormone （Ghrh） and somatostatin （SS） in hypothalamus, as well as Gh in pituitary. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels ofnNOS, sGCα1 and sGCβ1 in hypothalamus. Results After treat- ment with arginine, the growth plate width of tibia and osteoblast surface of femur were increased （P 〈 0.05）, and serum GH concentration was elevated （P 〈 0.05）. Besides, mRNA and protein levels ofnNOS and sGCα1 （P 〈 0.05）, as well as the expression of Gh mRNA （P 〈 0.01）, were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of SS mRNA was down- regulated （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Oral administration ofarginine could improve linear growth of long bones by regulating mRNA expression of SS and Gh and inducing GH secretion, possibly via nNOS-NO-sGC-cGMP signal transduction pathway.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore an optimum application amount of nitrogen for cotton cultivation. [Method] In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application amo...[Objective] This study aimed to explore an optimum application amount of nitrogen for cotton cultivation. [Method] In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application amount on the growth characteristics, boll development and lint yield of high quality cotton line FZ-1. [Result] Compared with the nitrogen level of 225 kg/hm2, the lint yield had increased by 28.46% and 18.73%, respectively, with the nitrogen application amount of 300 and 375 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen application amount had increased from 225 to 300 kg/hm2, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint yield had significantly increased. At the nitrogen level of 375 kg/hm2, however, the effects of increasing lint yield were significantly less than that at the nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2. Compared with the nitrogen levels of 225 and 375, 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was the optimum application amount to improve the plant height, daily increment of plant height, number of fruit branches, number ratio of nodes to fruit branches, boll volume and seed cotton weight per boll. [Conclusion] The rational management of nitrogen is the most effective way to promote the growth and development of cotton plants, ensure high yielding ability and minimize the environmental pollution caused by the overuse of nitrogen. This study had provided a sound nitrogen application strategy for the cultivation of this high-quality cotton line in the field plantation.展开更多
Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （...Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.展开更多
基金the National Key Basic Research and Devel opment Plan of China(973 Projects,2005CB522604)the Research Project of Scientific Committee of Chongqing(2004BA5016)
文摘Accumulating data suggest that FGFs/FGFR1 plays essential roles in the bone development and human skeletal diseases. Conditional inactivation of fgfrl caused different phenotypes displaying in different cells or specific organs and revealed some novel functions of FGFR1 in bone development. Fgfrl mutation mainly induced 2 types of human skeletal diseases, craniosynostosis syndrome and dysplasias. Similar mutation of fgfrl in mouse model just mimicked the phenotype that happened in human. These fa- cilitate the investigation on the underlying mechanism of the diseases. Here we mainly focused on the ad- vance of FGFR1 function in the bone development and its mutation caused skeletal diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301500).
文摘A morphology-based growth stage system should describe the growth and development of a crop and thereby help farmers and agronomists in formulating reasonable managementmeasures conducive to the development of marketable products.However,existing growth stage systems for soybean are either based on plant growth or covered particular phases of flower or pod development,making it difficult to use for tracking the entire growth period of individual flowers and pods.Therefore,the first flower and pod,located at the base of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate node of the main stem,were chosen to illustrate growth dynamics during the full reproductive period.The size and fresh weight of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate leaf axil,the first flower and pod,the pistils in the first flower,and seeds in the first pod were examined,and the growth of these organs was depicted.Integrating the morphological characteristics and growth features of flowers and pods,as well as existing growth stage systems,the growth and development were delineated in 13 stages.In detail,we classified the flower phase based on the relative positions of floral components,inspired by the ratio of bract to flower used for staging,refined the lag phase proposed previously,retained the use of pod length to define the early pod phase,and innovatively described the late pod phase by the seed appearance.The developmental events in each stage of flower and pod were distinctive and closely connected to the corresponding morphology.Taken together,a more detailed growth stage system for describing individual flowers and pods in soybean was established.This system will serve as a valuable research tool for describing the development,gene expression,and cellular metabolism associated with the formation of flowers,pods,and seeds.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1103200)National,Natural Science Foundation Projects of China(U23A20444,82270963,82425014,82301048)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Innovation Plan Project(2023ZKZD29)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Project(2022M722406)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan:Qimingxing Project(Sailing Special Program,23YF1450500).
文摘The growth plate plays a crucial role in long bone development and elongation,housing stem cells that contribute to bone formation.This study investigates the role of primary cilia,specialized organelles that regulate stem cell fate,in the development and repair of long bones.Here,we report the presence of primary cilia in all zones of the growth plate,particularly during embryonic development.Spatial transcriptomics and analysis of conditional knockout(CKO)mice identified that primary cilia mediate critical developmental signaling pathways within the growth plate.Disruption of primary cilia in growth plate chondroblasts or osteoblasts impaired long bone development by activating the Wnt signaling pathway and disrupting the cellular stemness.This resulted in elevated Mmp13 secretion,abnormal mineralization,and structural defects,ultimately hindering bone elongation.Time-lapse imaging showed an increased frequency of abnormal mitosis and a reduced rate of asymmetric division in skeletal stem cells(SSCs)from CKO mice.In conclusion,our findings indicated that primary cilia are critical for long bone development,regulating stem cell fate through key signaling pathways.Loss of primary cilia leads to excessive Wnt signaling and disruption of SSC stemness,impairing bone elongation.This study highlights the essential role of primary cilia in bone development and suggests potential therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.
基金2024 Annual Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning of Shenzhen(Project No.:SZ2024B011)2025 Special Research Project of Shenzhen Academy of Social Sciences:Institutional Mechanisms for Promoting Deep Integration Between Manufacturing and Digital Economy in Shenzhen,School-level Quality Engineering Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic(Project No.:10018021310011Z)School-level Scientific Research Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic(Project No.:6025310012S)。
文摘Economic growth and fair distribution are two major goals pursued in economic development.Through a comparative analysis of economies such as those in Europe and the United States,it is found that:Economic growth does not have to be conditional on the expansion of income gap;growth will not automatically lead to fair distribution;efficiency and fairness can occur simultaneously;the transformation of the economic development mode can be achieved through income distribution.A shared development model that takes into account both growth and fairness is the choice to achieve sustained and stable economic growth.It is necessary to deepen the reform of the income distribution system,improve social security and other measures to promote the development achievements to benefit the majority of workers more,and achieve both efficiency and fairness at the same time.
文摘Nowadays,with the continuous deepening of quality-oriented education in China and the increasing demands of parents,especially the implementation of the new curriculum design concept,tremendous changes have taken place in teaching methods,teaching contents,teaching means,and learning approaches,which pose new challenges to the professional growth of preschool teachers.At present,preschool teachers are not only required to have a sense of responsibility and love,but also to have rich professional knowledge and skills,as well as new creative thinking and research ability.Even if the preschool teachers who have performed very well in traditional education are now struggling to adapt to the actual needs of educational development,which requires preschool teachers to continuously develop in the direction of specialization.This article will focus on how to promote the professional growth and development of preschool teachers to analyze and elaborate.
文摘BACKGROUND Newborns with low-birth-weight may lag behind those with normal-birth-weight in terms of growth,development,and nutritional status,which increases mothers’concerns about the child’s future health and leads to anxiety and depression.Providing nutritional support to newborns with low-birth-weight to facilitate optimal growth and development may help alleviate maternal anxiety and depre-ssion.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline data was observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Milk intake and TBIL levels in Group S were significantly better than those in Group L at 1,2,3,and 4 weeks after nutritional support(P<0.05).No significant differences in vomiting,abdominal distension,constipation,diarrhea,and residual adverse reactions were observed between the two groups during nutritional support(P>0.05).Group S had a significantly reduce of fewer complications(i.e.,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and infection)than did Group L during nutritional support(P<0.05).Before nutritional support,no significant differences in developmental indicators(weight,length,and head circumference)were noted between the two groups(P>0.05).However,after nutritional support,the weight,length,and head circumference of both groups were higher than those before intervention,with Group S having significantly higher values than did Group L(P<0.05).Mothers of children who received nutritional support had decreased SAS and SDS scores,with Group S mothers having significantly lower scores than did Group L mothers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Enteral nutrition support had significant effects on newborns weighing<2 kg within 24 hours of birth.In particular,it promoted the maturation of gastrointestinal function,enhanced nutrient absorption,promoted optimal short-term growth and development,and alleviated the mother’s anxiety and depression.
文摘BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.
基金Supported by 2024 Academy Level Research Start up Fund,No.YK202434.
文摘BACKGROUND First-time mothers may encounter various problems during postpartum,which can result in negative emotions that can affect infant care.In today’s Internet era,continuous nursing services can be provided to mothers and their babies after delivery through Internet-based platforms.This approach can help reduce negative emotions of primiparas and promote better health for both mothers and babies.AIM To explore the effect of Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services on postpartum depression of primiparas and neonatal growth and development and thus provide a scientific basis for strengthening postpartum healthcare measures and better protect maternal and child health.METHODS The study retrospectively collected data of primiparas and their newborns who underwent prenatal examination and successfully delivered at the Ninth People’s Hospital of Suzhou City.The observation group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services between July and December 2024.According to the principle of matching(1:1)control study,the control group included 30 primiparas and their newborns who received routine postpartum healthcare services between January and June 2024.The maternal role adaptation questionnaire scores,breastfeeding rates,Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS)scores,and newborn growth and development(height,head circumference,and weight)were compared between the two groups at the time of discharge after delivery and 6-week postpartum follow-up.RESULTS Upon hospital discharge,the two groups did not demonstrate significant differences in maternal role adaptation scores,breastfeeding rates,EPDS scores,as well as newborn height,head circumference,and weight at birth(P>0.05).At the 6-week postpartum follow-up,the maternal role adaptation score and breastfeeding rate were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,one case of postpartum depression was reported in the observation group and eight in the control group.Moreover,the control group exhibited a significant increase in EPDS scores compared with scores at hospital discharge(P<0.05),whereas the observation group showed only a marginal,nonsignificant increase in EPDS scores(P>0.05).The EPDS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),indicating a lower risk of postpartum depression in the observation group.The length,head circumference,and weight of the newborns 6 weeks after birth were increased compared with those at birth,and the growth rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),indicating better growth and development in the observation group.CONCLUSION Internet Plus-based postpartum healthcare services improve maternal role adaptation,increase breastfeeding rates,mitigate postpartum depression risk,and promote neonatal growth and development in primiparas.
基金supported by the Key Projects in Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia,China(2021ZD0031)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-34)+1 种基金the Performance Incentive and Guidance Special Project of Scientific Research Institution,Chongqing Science and Technology Committee,China(cstc2022jxjl80019)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0744)。
文摘Related to ABI3 and VP1(RAV)transcription factors belong to the AP2 and B3 superfamily.RAVs genes have been reported to be involved in plant growth and development regulation.This study screened three RAV genes from Medicago truncatula and named one of them MtRAV1.The MtRAV1 overexpressing plants exhibits traits such as plant dwarfing,delayed flowering,reduced leaf and floral organs,increased branching,and reduced pods and seeds.Gene expression analysis results showed that overexpression of Mt RAV1 inhibited the expression of Flowering Locus T(MtFTa1),Suppressor of Overexpression of CO1(MtSOC1),GA3-oxidase1(MtGA3OX1),DWARF14(MtD14)and Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase7(MtCCD7).To further investigate the regulation pathway involved by MtRAV1,RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)and DNA affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq)analysis were conducted.RNA-seq results indicated that MtRAV1 might affect plant growth and development by regulating some genes in photosynthesis,circadian rhythm and plant hormone signaling pathways,especially the auxin signaling pathway.Conjoint analysis of DAP-seq and RNA-seq revealed that Mt RAV1 might inhibit the expression of Ferredoxin(Mt Fd-l3),Light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding Protein 1(Mt Lhcb-l2)and Small Auxin Up-regulated RNA(Mt SAUR-l),which related to photosystem II and auxin signaling pathway.Summarily,MtRAV1 was preliminarily proven to be a key growth inhibitory factor in M.truncatula.
基金Supported by China Agriculture(Cotton)Research System(CARS-15-46)Intellectual Aid Xinjiang Innovation and Expansion Talent Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024500207).
文摘[Objectives]To provide a reference for the promotion of appropriate row spacing configuration modes for cotton planting in the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang.[Methods]Xinluzao 63 was employed as the research subject to examine the effects of three different configuration modes:three rows with one film,four rows with one film,and six rows with one film,on the growth and development of cotton,as well as on yield and the amount of residual film in the field.[Results]In comparison to the configuration modes of four rows with one film and six rows with one film,the development process in the row spacing configuration mode of three rows with one film was accelerated by 1-4 d.This configuration mode exhibited variability in several agronomic traits,particularly in plant height,the number of fruiting branches per plant,and the number of leaves per plant,with the observed trend indicating T3>T2>T1.Conversely,the height of the first fruiting branch node displayed an inverse trend.In terms of yield composition,no significant differences were observed in boll weight and yield among various configuration modes.However,T3 exhibited the highest boll weight at 5.68 g and a yield of 462.67 kg/667 m 2.Additionally,significant differences were noted in harvesting density and the number of bolls per plant.T3 demonstrated the lowest harvesting density at 1.11×104 plants/666.7 m 2,the highest number of bolls per plant at 8.63,and the highest boll opening rate at 97.48%.Furthermore,T3 also resulted in the least amount of agricultural film residue during the current season.[Conclusions]Among the three planting configuration modes examined,the low-density planting configuration mode consisting of three rows and one film demonstrated a significant advantage at the individual plant level.This approach yielded results comparable to those of the high density planting configuration mode while also reducing costs.Furthermore,low density planting positively influenced the cotton boll opening rate,leading to a decreased amount of residual film and promoting ecological health within the agricultural land.
文摘Objective:To explore the positive role of developmental care measures in promoting the growth and development of premature infants,and analyze their specific effects on improving the sleep duration and quality of premature infants.Methods:A total of 80 premature infants who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The experimental group received comprehensive nursing intervention of developmental care during the nursing process;the control group adopted the traditional conventional nursing model.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in various physical indicators between the two groups of premature infants before nursing intervention.After nursing intervention,the scores of intellectual development level,psychomotor development index and various physical indicators of premature infants in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:The implementation of developmental care for premature infants can significantly improve their various developmental indicators,which can not only effectively promote the rapid development of premature infants’mental and physical growth,but also improve their sleep quality.
基金Supported by the Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,No.2022ZD090the Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps-Young Science and Technology Innovation Talents,No.2023CB008-31+2 种基金The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College,Doctoral Fund Project,No.BS202207Talent Development Fund-Tianshan Talents,No.CZ0012192024 National Health Commission Central Asian High-Incidence Prevention and Control Key Laboratory,No.KF202405.
文摘BACKGROUND Pathological calcification is a common feature of many diseases.Calcifying nanoparticles(CNPs)are considered potential inducers of this abnormal calcification,but their specific effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)remain unclear.BMSCs are key cells in bone formation and repair,and their aberrant apoptosis and calcification are closely related to disease progression.AIM To explore whether CNPs can induce apoptosis and calcification in BMSCs and analyzed the relationship between these processes.The differential effects of CNPs and nanoscale hydroxyapatites(nHAPs)in inducing apoptosis and calcification in BMSCs were also compared.METHODS CNPs obtained in the early stage were identified by electron microscopy and particle size analysis.BMSCs were cultured with various treatments,including different concentrations of nHAPs,CNPs[2 McFarland(MCF)turbidity,4 MCF,6 MCF],and a transforming growth factor(TGF)-βinhibitor(SB431542)for 72 hours.The isolated CNPs exhibited the expected sizes and shapes.RESULTS Exposure to CNPs and nHAPs suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner,with CNPs exhibiting significantly stronger effects.Alizarin Red staining indicated an increase in calcium deposition with exposure to increasing concentrations of nHAPs and CNPs.Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results indicated that medium concentrations of nHAPs and CNPs significantly enhanced the expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-calcification markers,whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was reduced compared with untreated controls.Western blotting results showed that medium concentrations of CNPs and nHAPs increased the expression of osteopontin,bone morphogenetic protein-2,TGF-β/Smad,Bax,and caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression compared with controls.CONCLUSION CNPs and nHAPs induced apoptosis and calcification in BMSCs,with CNPs being the most potent.Additionally,the TGF-βinhibitor SB431542 significantly reduced the occurrence of apoptosis and calcification.A correlation was found between apoptosis and calcification,which is likely mediated through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005)+1 种基金111 project(BP0719028)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘This study endeavors to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on bone formation and resorption balance in growing BALB/c mice.Newborn BALB/c mice were assigned to the control group(administration saline)and the CCFM1078 group(administration B.breve CCFM1078,3×10^(9) CFU/day)in 3-,4-,and 5-week tests.All the groups have male and female distinctions.Our findings demonstrate that B.breve CCFM1078 exerts on the dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and resorption during the critical period of growth in mice by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites(hexadecanamide,linoleoyl ethanolamide,and palmitoyl ethanolamide),the genes and proteins expression related to the growth hormone(GH)/insulin-like growth factors-1(IGF-1)axis and Gs/PKA/CREB signaling pathways,as well as downstream osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation factors.The effects of B.breve CCFM1078 were different with age and gender dependent.This finding suggests B.breve CCFM1078 may have potential applications in regulating bone metabolism in the growth period population.
基金Supported by the Fund of Amomum villosum in bone growth
文摘OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Amomum villosum on longitudinal bone growth.METHODS:Adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups and treated for 4 days:control(distilled water,p.o.),recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH;100 μg/kg,s.c.),and A.villosum(500 mg/kg,p.o.) groups.On day 3,tetracycline(20 g/kg,i.p.) was injected for growth plate identification.On days 2,3 and 4,5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(BrdU)(50 mg/kg,i.p.) was injected to label proliferating cells.On day 5,tibias were dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde,dehydrated,and sectioned for immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry.RESULTS:The rate of bone growth in the A.villosum and rhGH groups increased to(410 ± 44) and(389 ± 46) μm/day(P<0.01),respectively,as compared with the control(330.7 ± 34.7) μm/day.The thickness of the growth plates also increased to(591 ± 37) and(598 ± 32) μm,respectively,as compared with the control(524± 89) μm(P<0.001).The number of BrdU-positive cells in the chondrocytes of the A.villosum and rhGH groups was also significantly higher(126±24) and(143±18) cells/mm 2,respectively) than in the control(109 ± 25) mm 2(P<0.05).Insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the A.villosum and rhGH groups were highly expressed in the growth plate as compared with the control samples,indicating increased bone formation.CONCLUSIONS:A.villosum could be used to treat growth retardation during adolescence.
文摘As the global economy navigates through a complex landscape of uncertainty and shifting dynamics,the Chinese economy stands out for its remarkable resilience,inherent vitality,and steadfast commitment to a transformative,high-quality development path.The latest economic indicators,strategic policy guidance from the Central Economic Work Conference,and a surge in international confidence collectively present a picture of an economy not merely recovering,but actively building its new growth engines.China is transitioning towards a more sustainable and innovation-driven model,with new quality productive forces playing an increasingly prominent role.
文摘In order to improve the meat production performance of local sheep varieties in Gansu Province, Dorset was introduced to crossbreed with the local sheep varieties, including Tan sheep, Small Tail Han sheep and Mongolia sheep. The offspring of different crossbreeding combinations were sampled randomly at different growth stages, and their growth and development traits were measured so as to screen out the best crossbreeding mode. The results showed that under the same crossbreeding mode, the growth rate of F3 was higher than that of F2, and of F2 was higher than that of F1. Among the F3 population, the growth rates of Dorset ×Han and Dorset × Mongolia hybrids were higher. Compared with those of Dorset ×Tan F3 hybrids, the body weights of male and female Dorset × Han and Dorset ×Mongolia F3 hybrids were increased by 5.59%, 4.40%, 5.93% and 3.76%, respectively. Among the F2 population, the growth rates of Dorset × Han and Dorset ×Mongolia hybrids were also higher. The body weights of male and female Dorset ×Han and Dorset × Mongolia F2 hybrids were higher than those of Dorset × Tan ×Han F2 hybrids by 5.99%, 3.67%, 9.80% and 5.00%, respectively. In the F1 population, the growth rates of Dorset × Han and Dorset × Mongolia hybrids were higher.Compared with those of Tan × Han F1 hybrids, the body weights of male and female Dorset × Han and Dorset × Mongolia F1 hybrids were increased by 11.32%,5.22%, 7.60% and 7.20%, respectively. Therefore, in the feeding area of Small Tai Han sheep, Mongolia sheep and Tan sheep, Dorset was the best sire for producing hybrid lambs. The economic benefit of crossbred offspring was obvious.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Self-innovation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology[CX(12)2008]~~
文摘The growth and development of Jingjiang Taro [Colocasia esculenta（L.） Schott] were observed, laying foundation for highly-yielding cultivation technology system of Xiangsha taro. The results indicate that germination of the second taro happened from 46 d after sprouting （7-8 leaves）; the first taro began to expand, from 125 d after sprouting （12 leaves） when the the second taro was been formed; the third taro began to form from 141 to 150 d after sprouting （15-16 leaves）. The fresh weight of the second and third taros quickly increased from the time of 15 leaves to harvest. Early September is a transformation term of Xiangsha taro from vegetative body dominant to corm growth dominant.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of oral administration of arginine on linear growth of long bones in male pubertal rats and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on expression of genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary growth axis and the nitric oxide （NO）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） pathway. Methods Rats were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, arginine was solved in water （0.045 g L-arginine was mixed with 1 mL water） and administered in rats （10 mL/kg） through gastric perfusion once per day, for totally 28 d. Rats in the control group received normal saline treatment. Bone histomorphometry analysis was used to measure growth plate width and mineral apposition rate of the tibia, as well as trabecular bone volume fraction, osteoblast surface and osteo- clast surface of the femur. Serum growth hormone （GH） concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）, soluble guanylyl cyclases （sGCal and sGCfll）, growth hormone-releasing hormone （Ghrh） and somatostatin （SS） in hypothalamus, as well as Gh in pituitary. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels ofnNOS, sGCα1 and sGCβ1 in hypothalamus. Results After treat- ment with arginine, the growth plate width of tibia and osteoblast surface of femur were increased （P 〈 0.05）, and serum GH concentration was elevated （P 〈 0.05）. Besides, mRNA and protein levels ofnNOS and sGCα1 （P 〈 0.05）, as well as the expression of Gh mRNA （P 〈 0.01）, were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of SS mRNA was down- regulated （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Oral administration ofarginine could improve linear growth of long bones by regulating mRNA expression of SS and Gh and inducing GH secretion, possibly via nNOS-NO-sGC-cGMP signal transduction pathway.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.30771272,31171483)the Priority Academic Development Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions+1 种基金Jiangsu Innovation Project for Agriculture Science and Technology(cx(11)2054)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Support Program(SBE2010307)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore an optimum application amount of nitrogen for cotton cultivation. [Method] In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application amount on the growth characteristics, boll development and lint yield of high quality cotton line FZ-1. [Result] Compared with the nitrogen level of 225 kg/hm2, the lint yield had increased by 28.46% and 18.73%, respectively, with the nitrogen application amount of 300 and 375 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen application amount had increased from 225 to 300 kg/hm2, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint yield had significantly increased. At the nitrogen level of 375 kg/hm2, however, the effects of increasing lint yield were significantly less than that at the nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2. Compared with the nitrogen levels of 225 and 375, 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was the optimum application amount to improve the plant height, daily increment of plant height, number of fruit branches, number ratio of nodes to fruit branches, boll volume and seed cotton weight per boll. [Conclusion] The rational management of nitrogen is the most effective way to promote the growth and development of cotton plants, ensure high yielding ability and minimize the environmental pollution caused by the overuse of nitrogen. This study had provided a sound nitrogen application strategy for the cultivation of this high-quality cotton line in the field plantation.
基金supported by grants from the National Nature Science foundation of China(Grant Nos.30872912 and 30830108)
文摘Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.
