With the rapid development of private higher education,the construction of counselor teams in private universities has become increasingly important.This paper focuses on outstanding counselors in private universities...With the rapid development of private higher education,the construction of counselor teams in private universities has become increasingly important.This paper focuses on outstanding counselors in private universities,delving into their growth patterns and proposing targeted training paths based on this analysis.By reviewing relevant theories and analyzing case studies of excellent counselors,it is found that outstanding counselors in private universities exhibit stage-specific characteristics during their development,influenced by personal traits,school environment,career progression,and other factors.In terms of training approaches,efforts should be made to improve selection mechanisms,strengthen training systems,provide career development support,and create a positive work atmosphere,all aimed at enhancing the overall quality of the counselor team in private universities and better serving student growth and institutional development.展开更多
A custom micro-arc oxidation(MAO)apparatus is employed to produce coatings under optimized constant voltage–current two-step power supply mode.Various analytical techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,conf...A custom micro-arc oxidation(MAO)apparatus is employed to produce coatings under optimized constant voltage–current two-step power supply mode.Various analytical techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,confocal laser microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and electrochemical analysis,are employed to characterize MAO coatings at different stages of preparation.MAO has MgO,hydroxyapatite,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),and Mg2SiO4 phases.Its microstructure of the coating is characterized by"multiple breakdowns,pores within pores",and"repaired blind pores".The porosity and the uniformity of MAO coating first declines in the constant voltage mode,then augments while the discharge phenomenon takes place,and finally decreases in the repair stage.These analyses reveal a four-stage growth pattern for MAO coatings:anodic oxidation stage,micro-arc oxidation stage,breakdown stage,and repairing stage.During anodic oxidation and MAO stages,inward growth prevails,while the breakdown stage sees outward and accelerated growth.Simultaneous inward and outward growth in the repair stage results in a denser,more uniform coating with increased thickness and improved corrosion resistance.展开更多
Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we deifne three economic growth patterns （green growth, brown growth and black growth） according to the ...Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we deifne three economic growth patterns （green growth, brown growth and black growth） according to the relationship between economic scale and carbon emissions, and then trace the historical trajectory of economic growth over the last 40 years. Granger causality is used to test China’s economic growth and carbon emission linkage. We argue that green growth means that the rate of carbon emission reduction is faster than the increase in GDP. When carbon intensity reduction is slower than GDP growth, brown growth occurs. Black growth occurs when both carbon intensity and economic scale increase. For China, we denote the four periods of black growth （1971–1977）, brown growth （1978–2001）, black growth （2002–2004）, and brown growth （2004–2010）. Granger causality tests indicate that mutual causality between carbon emissions and economic growth exists in the short term, but not the long term. In order to achieve the goals of economic growth and carbon intensity reduction, it is necessary for China to actively participate in global carbon reduction activities, technological innovation and ecological civilization construction.展开更多
By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban lan...By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,approximately half of the newly diagnosed cases and mortalities attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been reported in China.Despite the high incidence of HCC,there remains a pauci...BACKGROUND In recent years,approximately half of the newly diagnosed cases and mortalities attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been reported in China.Despite the high incidence of HCC,there remains a paucity of data regarding the natural growth pattern and the determination of optimal surveillance intervals specific to the Chinese population.AIM To quantify the natural tumor growth pattern of HCC in regional China.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients from a single institution in Southwest China who had undergone two or more serial dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans between 2014 and 2020,without having received any anti-cancer therapy.Tumor growth was assessed using tumor volume doubling time(TVDT)and tumor growth rate(TGR),with volumes measured manually by experienced radiologists.Simple univariate linear regression and descriptive analysis were applied to explore associations between growth rates and clinical factors.RESULTS This study identifies the median TVDT for HCC as 163.4 d,interquartile range(IQR)72.1 to 302.3 d,with a daily TGR of 0.42%(IQR 0.206%-0.97%).HCC growth patterns reveal that about one-third of tumors grow indolently with TVDT exceeding 270 d,another one-third of tumors exhibit rapid growth with TVDT under 90 d,and the remaining tumors show intermediate growth rates,with TVDT ranging between 3 to 9 months.CONCLUSION The identified TGRs support biannual surveillance and follow-up for HCC patients in certain regions of China.Given the observed heterogeneity in HCC growth,further investigation is warranted.展开更多
The generalized Chapman-Richards model was derived from the Chapman-Richards function in which parameters h, k and m were unconstrained. Based on the structure of solutions and biological interpretations, the model co...The generalized Chapman-Richards model was derived from the Chapman-Richards function in which parameters h, k and m were unconstrained. Based on the structure of solutions and biological interpretations, the model could be classified into eight cases (three categories) at all and among them only 4 kinds of cases are suitable in forestry that represent four typical growth patterns of trees and stands. For each of 4 equations, the model properties and biological interpretations for parameters were discussed in detail. The generalized Chapman-Richards model was capable of describing a wide range of growth curves that was asymptotic or nonasymptotic, with or without inflection point. In order to illustrate the versatility of the model, it was fitted to a group of data sets concerning the DBH growth of cryptomeria plantations with 4 initial densities and the DBH and height growth of natural Korean pine tree. Comparing the generalized Chapman-Richards function and the Schnute model, it was found that the parameters and expressions of the two models were interchangeable in theory, and the fitting results were explicitly identical in empirical applications.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal o...Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal occlusion(23 males,22 females) were included in this study.Among these patients,20 displayed the vertical growth pattern,and 20 had the horizontal growth pattern,while the remaining patients displayed the average growth pattern.All of the patients underwent dental cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),which included the region of the mandibular posterior teeth and the alveolar.A linear regression analysis and a correlation analysis between the facial height index(FHI) and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Results:The inclination of the molars,the thickness of the cortical bone,and the height of the mandibular bone differed significantly between patients with the horizontal growth pattern and those with the vertical growth pattern(P<0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between:the FHI and the inclination of the molars;the FHI and the thickness of the cortical bone;and the FHI and the height of the mandibular bone.Conclusions:The mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology may be affected by growth patterns.展开更多
Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet(DUV)photodetectors based on Ga_(2)O_(3)have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for many military and civil purposes.However,the development of device integration...Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet(DUV)photodetectors based on Ga_(2)O_(3)have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for many military and civil purposes.However,the development of device integration for optoelectronic system applications remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a facile method for patterned-growth of high-qualityβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films,which are assembled into a photodetectors array comprising 8×8 device units.A representative detector exhibits outstanding photoresponse performance,in terms of an ultra-low dark current of 0.62 pA,a large Ilight/Idark ratio exceeding 10^(4),a high responsivity of 0.72 A W^(-1) and a decent specific detectivity of 4.18×10^(11)Jones,upon 265 nm DUV illumination.What is more,the DUV/visible(250/400 nm)rejection ratio is as high as 10^(3) with a sharp response cut-off wave length at 280 nm.Further optoelectronic analysis reveals that the photodetectors array has good uniformity and repeatability,endowing it the capability to serve as a reliable DUV light image sensor with a decent spatial resolution.These results suggest that the proposed technique offers an effective avenue for patterned growth ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films for multifunctional DUV optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs...Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.展开更多
The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branchi...The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branching angle decreased, the branching intensity increased gradually within the 3 m range from the edge of the shrub to its center along the stolon. Internode length, branching intensity and branching angle were 5.9 cm, 4.4 and 55.3°in the shrub, and 1.6 cm, 13.7 and 38.3°at the edge of the shrub, respectively. The clonal architecture exhibited plasticity. The internode length, branching intensity and ramet length changed with an exponential model with extention of the stolon. The stolon of S. vulgaris was monopodial branching, and each ramet should possess more than 3 adventitious roots. Ramets could take on the phenomenon of 搒elf-thinning?with clonal growth. There was a prior grade in allocation of the nutrients gained from heterogeneous space. The clonal architecture of S. vulgaris was the 搈ixed?type.展开更多
The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle ...The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle Devonian, and its geological occurrence is consistent with the wall rocks. A large number of spheroidal pyrite aggregates are found unevenly distributed in the ores. The spheroidal aggregates are made up of kernels and concentric rings. The kernels are composed of approximately epigranular pyrite nanocrystals, while the rings are composed of accumulated pyrite microcrystals growing along the radial direction. The spheroidal pyrite aggregate and its outer zones can be divided into five areas（A–E）. The results of electron probe micro analysis（EPMA） show that from the zone A1 to B, Co/Ni 〈1, the sum of Co and Ni is 0.08%–0.26%, S/Fe increases from 2.06 to 2.15. While from the zone C to E, Ni cannot be detected and S/Fe decreases from 2.22 to 2.08. Powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis in the micro zone shows obvious crystalline characteristics in the aggregates. Moving from the inside outwards, the maximum diffraction peak intensity of the（111） and（220） crystal planes of pyrite increases, and the crystallinity improves. The degree of change in the（111） plane is the most prominent. Considering the theory of crystal growth along with the geologic features of the depositional environment where the spheroidal pyrite aggregates developed, we confirm that the spheroidal aggregates are the result of nano-micro crystalline gathering and growth occurring by the following sequence of processes：nano-crystalline nucleation and growth, gathering into a ball, oriented growth of microcrystals, continuous accumulation, and adjustment of grain boundaries. The formation of the spheroidal pyrite aggregates in the late Qiziqiao Formation of the Middle Devonian occurred in a neutral to weak alkaline and reductive sedimentary environment in the normal oxygen-rich shallowwater carbonate platform edge. The variations in the S/Fe ratio and crystallisation characteristics indicate that during pyrite crystal growth, the sulphur fugacity was high locally and rose constantly, the degree of supersaturation decreased locally and the growth environment was stable relatively.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubb...[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubbed off. Then, the seeds were mixed with fine sand and evenly sown on seedbeds. Germinated seeds were counted to calculate germination rate. Seedlings at two-or three-leef stage were transplanted, and their phenophases were observed and recorded. Height and ground diameter of the seedlings were monitored in the following three years. [Result] The seed germination rate was increased to 20% by soaking in 5% baking soda solution. The yearly seedling height growth of L polycarpa increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly seedling height growth from August to October was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the growth in seedling height in the three months accounted for 79% of the total increase in that year. The seedling height grew rapidly from May to July in the following two years. In detail, the increase in seedling height from May to July accounted for 87.94% of the total increase in the second year, and 74.16% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly seedling height growth peaked in May in the two years. The yearly growth in ground diameter of I. polycarpa seedlings also increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly growth in ground diameter from July to September was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the increase in ground diameter in the three months accounted for 80% of the total increase in that year. In the second and third years, the monthly growth in ground diameter from July to October was much higher than in other months. The increase in ground diameter in the two months accounted for 76.89% of the total increase in the second year, and 61.23% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly growth in ground diameter peaked in August in the two years. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and popularization of L polycarpa in Chongqing and surrounding provinces and cities.展开更多
Growth of annual plants in arid environments depends largely on rainfall pulses. An increased understanding of the effects of different rainfall patterns on plant growth is critical to predicting the potential respons...Growth of annual plants in arid environments depends largely on rainfall pulses. An increased understanding of the effects of different rainfall patterns on plant growth is critical to predicting the potential responses of plants to the changes in rainfall regimes, such as rainfall intensity and duration, and length of dry intervals. In this study, we investigated the effects of different rainfall patterns（e.g. small rainfall event with high frequency and large rainfall event with low frequency） on biomass, growth characteristics and vertical distribution of root biomass of annual plants in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia of China during the growing season（from May to August） of 2014. Our results showed that the rainfall patterns, independent of total rainfall amount, exerted strong effects on biomass, characteristics of plant growth and vertical distribution of root biomass. Under a constant amount of total rainfall, the aboveground biomass（AGB）, belowground biomass（BGB）, plant cover, plant height, and plant individual and species number increased with an increase in rainfall intensity. Changes in rainfall patterns also altered the percentage contribution of species biomass to the total AGB, and the percentage of BGB at different soil layers to the total BGB. Consequently, our results indicated that increased rainfall intensity in future may increase biomass significantly, and also affect the growth characteristics of annual plants.展开更多
Reliability parameter selection is very important in the period of equipment project design and demonstration. In this paper, the problem in selecting the reliability parameters and their number is proposed. In order ...Reliability parameter selection is very important in the period of equipment project design and demonstration. In this paper, the problem in selecting the reliability parameters and their number is proposed. In order to solve this problem, the thought of text mining is used to extract the feature and curtail feature sets from text data firstly, and frequent pattern tree （FPT） of the text data is constructed to reason frequent item-set between the key factors by frequent patter growth （FPC） algorithm. Then on the basis of fuzzy Bayesian network （FBN） and sample distribution, this paper fuzzifies the key attributes, which forms associated relationship in frequent item-sets and their main parameters, eliminates the subjective influence factors and obtains condition mutual information and maximum weight directed tree among all the attribute variables. Furthermore, the hybrid model is established by reason fuzzy prior probability and contingent probability and concluding parameter learning method. Finally, the example indicates the model is believable and effective.展开更多
The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality ...The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.展开更多
s—Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou Region (Su Xi Chang) is a famous prosperous agricultural region in China. Since the early 1980s agriculture in Su Xi Chang has got constant developed, but its growth rate is lower than t...s—Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou Region (Su Xi Chang) is a famous prosperous agricultural region in China. Since the early 1980s agriculture in Su Xi Chang has got constant developed, but its growth rate is lower than the provincial average level of Jiangsu, and its structure has not changed much. Therefore it lost many in the position of agricultural areal division of labour within Jiangsu Province. The authors of this paper suggest that Su Xi Chang agriculture should perform multiple social, economic and ecological functions with the suburban and export oriented farming as the main development direction. It is also necessary to improve management and organization structure for enhancing Su Xi Chang agricultural vitality.展开更多
Large sample sampling was adopted in this paper for the statistical analysis of leaves of four populations of Vetiveria zizanioides （ introduced, local wild, domesticated wild populations of different years）. The re...Large sample sampling was adopted in this paper for the statistical analysis of leaves of four populations of Vetiveria zizanioides （ introduced, local wild, domesticated wild populations of different years）. The results showed that four populations varied in different degrees in terms of tiller height, leaf biomass, and leaf biomass ratio. Leaf length, leaf width, and ratio of leaf width to length of different populations also varied, but had similar power-function change regularity, and showed converging leaf biomass growth pattern and leaf growth process.展开更多
Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chamaecy...Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chamaecyparis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) stand in the Gyeongnam province. Data was collected from two cities and one county by using sample quadrats of 20 * 20 m. A total of 11 quadrats were used to collect tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), annual growth rings and soil data. The data analysis of soil moisture content, pH, organic matter (%), EC (cmol + /kg of soil), and available phosphorous was conducted. Growth ring was analyzed by using computer based software and the ages of the trees were identified. Average growth of height and DBH was computed from the surveyed data and annual growth of each tree was assessed by computer based reading of annual growth rings. The results of the study revealed that tree growth showed a reducing trend along the longevity. It was identified that soil pH, age, variation in annual average temperature, and altitude were the main factors related with growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> trees along the life of the stand.</span>展开更多
Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the...Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.展开更多
In this paper,the authors have made the following findings after the fitting of China's economic growth rate series using an improved STR model:since 1949,great changes have taken place in China's economic gro...In this paper,the authors have made the following findings after the fitting of China's economic growth rate series using an improved STR model:since 1949,great changes have taken place in China's economic growth pattern but factor input remains to be the major source of China's economic growth,as reflected by the extensive pattern of economic growth;with the exception of capital,the marginal output of all other production factors has been on the increase,which suggests that the efficiency of China's factor allocation has been continuously improved;the marginal output of capital has been on the decline,which explains that the dependency on investment for economic growth has led to excessive investment;reform and opening up and reform of marketization have substantially increased the sustainability of China's economic growth.In addition,the authors have investigated the internal momentum of China's growth transformation and developed relevant policy recommendations.展开更多
基金The Second Batch of Comprehensive Reform and Quality Construction Projects of Party Building and Ideological and Political Education in 2024“Research on the Growth Patterns and Training Path of Excellent Counselors in Private Colleges”(HKDS2024YB11)。
文摘With the rapid development of private higher education,the construction of counselor teams in private universities has become increasingly important.This paper focuses on outstanding counselors in private universities,delving into their growth patterns and proposing targeted training paths based on this analysis.By reviewing relevant theories and analyzing case studies of excellent counselors,it is found that outstanding counselors in private universities exhibit stage-specific characteristics during their development,influenced by personal traits,school environment,career progression,and other factors.In terms of training approaches,efforts should be made to improve selection mechanisms,strengthen training systems,provide career development support,and create a positive work atmosphere,all aimed at enhancing the overall quality of the counselor team in private universities and better serving student growth and institutional development.
文摘A custom micro-arc oxidation(MAO)apparatus is employed to produce coatings under optimized constant voltage–current two-step power supply mode.Various analytical techniques,including scanning electron microscopy,confocal laser microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and electrochemical analysis,are employed to characterize MAO coatings at different stages of preparation.MAO has MgO,hydroxyapatite,Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),and Mg2SiO4 phases.Its microstructure of the coating is characterized by"multiple breakdowns,pores within pores",and"repaired blind pores".The porosity and the uniformity of MAO coating first declines in the constant voltage mode,then augments while the discharge phenomenon takes place,and finally decreases in the repair stage.These analyses reveal a four-stage growth pattern for MAO coatings:anodic oxidation stage,micro-arc oxidation stage,breakdown stage,and repairing stage.During anodic oxidation and MAO stages,inward growth prevails,while the breakdown stage sees outward and accelerated growth.Simultaneous inward and outward growth in the repair stage results in a denser,more uniform coating with increased thickness and improved corrosion resistance.
基金National Social Sciences Foundation of China,Key Program(10ZD&016)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(41371147,41401128)2014 Cultivation and Action Plan of Excellent Doctoral Dissertations,East China Normal University(PY2014002)
文摘Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we deifne three economic growth patterns （green growth, brown growth and black growth） according to the relationship between economic scale and carbon emissions, and then trace the historical trajectory of economic growth over the last 40 years. Granger causality is used to test China’s economic growth and carbon emission linkage. We argue that green growth means that the rate of carbon emission reduction is faster than the increase in GDP. When carbon intensity reduction is slower than GDP growth, brown growth occurs. Black growth occurs when both carbon intensity and economic scale increase. For China, we denote the four periods of black growth （1971–1977）, brown growth （1978–2001）, black growth （2002–2004）, and brown growth （2004–2010）. Granger causality tests indicate that mutual causality between carbon emissions and economic growth exists in the short term, but not the long term. In order to achieve the goals of economic growth and carbon intensity reduction, it is necessary for China to actively participate in global carbon reduction activities, technological innovation and ecological civilization construction.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-310-01, No.KZCX2-307 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40101010
文摘By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.
基金Supported by Cultivate Project for the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.gyfynsfc[2020]-27and National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81960328.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,approximately half of the newly diagnosed cases and mortalities attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been reported in China.Despite the high incidence of HCC,there remains a paucity of data regarding the natural growth pattern and the determination of optimal surveillance intervals specific to the Chinese population.AIM To quantify the natural tumor growth pattern of HCC in regional China.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients from a single institution in Southwest China who had undergone two or more serial dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans between 2014 and 2020,without having received any anti-cancer therapy.Tumor growth was assessed using tumor volume doubling time(TVDT)and tumor growth rate(TGR),with volumes measured manually by experienced radiologists.Simple univariate linear regression and descriptive analysis were applied to explore associations between growth rates and clinical factors.RESULTS This study identifies the median TVDT for HCC as 163.4 d,interquartile range(IQR)72.1 to 302.3 d,with a daily TGR of 0.42%(IQR 0.206%-0.97%).HCC growth patterns reveal that about one-third of tumors grow indolently with TVDT exceeding 270 d,another one-third of tumors exhibit rapid growth with TVDT under 90 d,and the remaining tumors show intermediate growth rates,with TVDT ranging between 3 to 9 months.CONCLUSION The identified TGRs support biannual surveillance and follow-up for HCC patients in certain regions of China.Given the observed heterogeneity in HCC growth,further investigation is warranted.
基金This research was supported by Excellent Youth Teacher Project of Ministry of Education.
文摘The generalized Chapman-Richards model was derived from the Chapman-Richards function in which parameters h, k and m were unconstrained. Based on the structure of solutions and biological interpretations, the model could be classified into eight cases (three categories) at all and among them only 4 kinds of cases are suitable in forestry that represent four typical growth patterns of trees and stands. For each of 4 equations, the model properties and biological interpretations for parameters were discussed in detail. The generalized Chapman-Richards model was capable of describing a wide range of growth curves that was asymptotic or nonasymptotic, with or without inflection point. In order to illustrate the versatility of the model, it was fitted to a group of data sets concerning the DBH growth of cryptomeria plantations with 4 initial densities and the DBH and height growth of natural Korean pine tree. Comparing the generalized Chapman-Richards function and the Schnute model, it was found that the parameters and expressions of the two models were interchangeable in theory, and the fitting results were explicitly identical in empirical applications.
基金Project supported by the Shandong Science and Technology Planning Project (Nos.2010G0020232,2010HM053,and 2010GSF10269)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2012HM087)+1 种基金the Jinan Science and Technology Planning Project(No.JN201202042)the Shandong University Project(Nos.2011JC009 and 2012JC031),China
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal occlusion(23 males,22 females) were included in this study.Among these patients,20 displayed the vertical growth pattern,and 20 had the horizontal growth pattern,while the remaining patients displayed the average growth pattern.All of the patients underwent dental cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),which included the region of the mandibular posterior teeth and the alveolar.A linear regression analysis and a correlation analysis between the facial height index(FHI) and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Results:The inclination of the molars,the thickness of the cortical bone,and the height of the mandibular bone differed significantly between patients with the horizontal growth pattern and those with the vertical growth pattern(P<0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between:the FHI and the inclination of the molars;the FHI and the thickness of the cortical bone;and the FHI and the height of the mandibular bone.Conclusions:The mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology may be affected by growth patterns.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.51902078,62074048)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PA2020GDKC0014,JZ2020HGTB0051,JZ2018HGXC0001)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2008085MF205)。
文摘Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet(DUV)photodetectors based on Ga_(2)O_(3)have attracted great attention due to their potential applications for many military and civil purposes.However,the development of device integration for optoelectronic system applications remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a facile method for patterned-growth of high-qualityβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films,which are assembled into a photodetectors array comprising 8×8 device units.A representative detector exhibits outstanding photoresponse performance,in terms of an ultra-low dark current of 0.62 pA,a large Ilight/Idark ratio exceeding 10^(4),a high responsivity of 0.72 A W^(-1) and a decent specific detectivity of 4.18×10^(11)Jones,upon 265 nm DUV illumination.What is more,the DUV/visible(250/400 nm)rejection ratio is as high as 10^(3) with a sharp response cut-off wave length at 280 nm.Further optoelectronic analysis reveals that the photodetectors array has good uniformity and repeatability,endowing it the capability to serve as a reliable DUV light image sensor with a decent spatial resolution.These results suggest that the proposed technique offers an effective avenue for patterned growth ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films for multifunctional DUV optoelectronic applications.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation,No.81873111,No.82174454,and No.82074182Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7202066。
文摘Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30060069)
文摘The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branching angle decreased, the branching intensity increased gradually within the 3 m range from the edge of the shrub to its center along the stolon. Internode length, branching intensity and branching angle were 5.9 cm, 4.4 and 55.3°in the shrub, and 1.6 cm, 13.7 and 38.3°at the edge of the shrub, respectively. The clonal architecture exhibited plasticity. The internode length, branching intensity and ramet length changed with an exponential model with extention of the stolon. The stolon of S. vulgaris was monopodial branching, and each ramet should possess more than 3 adventitious roots. Ramets could take on the phenomenon of 搒elf-thinning?with clonal growth. There was a prior grade in allocation of the nutrients gained from heterogeneous space. The clonal architecture of S. vulgaris was the 搈ixed?type.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41172047, 41272062)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry (Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang) (Grant No. 201308)
文摘The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle Devonian, and its geological occurrence is consistent with the wall rocks. A large number of spheroidal pyrite aggregates are found unevenly distributed in the ores. The spheroidal aggregates are made up of kernels and concentric rings. The kernels are composed of approximately epigranular pyrite nanocrystals, while the rings are composed of accumulated pyrite microcrystals growing along the radial direction. The spheroidal pyrite aggregate and its outer zones can be divided into five areas（A–E）. The results of electron probe micro analysis（EPMA） show that from the zone A1 to B, Co/Ni 〈1, the sum of Co and Ni is 0.08%–0.26%, S/Fe increases from 2.06 to 2.15. While from the zone C to E, Ni cannot be detected and S/Fe decreases from 2.22 to 2.08. Powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis in the micro zone shows obvious crystalline characteristics in the aggregates. Moving from the inside outwards, the maximum diffraction peak intensity of the（111） and（220） crystal planes of pyrite increases, and the crystallinity improves. The degree of change in the（111） plane is the most prominent. Considering the theory of crystal growth along with the geologic features of the depositional environment where the spheroidal pyrite aggregates developed, we confirm that the spheroidal aggregates are the result of nano-micro crystalline gathering and growth occurring by the following sequence of processes：nano-crystalline nucleation and growth, gathering into a ball, oriented growth of microcrystals, continuous accumulation, and adjustment of grain boundaries. The formation of the spheroidal pyrite aggregates in the late Qiziqiao Formation of the Middle Devonian occurred in a neutral to weak alkaline and reductive sedimentary environment in the normal oxygen-rich shallowwater carbonate platform edge. The variations in the S/Fe ratio and crystallisation characteristics indicate that during pyrite crystal growth, the sulphur fugacity was high locally and rose constantly, the degree of supersaturation decreased locally and the growth environment was stable relatively.
基金Supported by Key Technology Research and Development Program of Chongqing(KL1401)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to characterize the seed germination and seedling growth of Idesia polycarpa. [Method] After 3-5 h of soaking in 5% baking soda solution, the waxy outer layer of the seeds was rubbed off. Then, the seeds were mixed with fine sand and evenly sown on seedbeds. Germinated seeds were counted to calculate germination rate. Seedlings at two-or three-leef stage were transplanted, and their phenophases were observed and recorded. Height and ground diameter of the seedlings were monitored in the following three years. [Result] The seed germination rate was increased to 20% by soaking in 5% baking soda solution. The yearly seedling height growth of L polycarpa increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly seedling height growth from August to October was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the growth in seedling height in the three months accounted for 79% of the total increase in that year. The seedling height grew rapidly from May to July in the following two years. In detail, the increase in seedling height from May to July accounted for 87.94% of the total increase in the second year, and 74.16% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly seedling height growth peaked in May in the two years. The yearly growth in ground diameter of I. polycarpa seedlings also increased with the increase in seedling age. The monthly growth in ground diameter from July to September was much higher than in other months in the first year, and the increase in ground diameter in the three months accounted for 80% of the total increase in that year. In the second and third years, the monthly growth in ground diameter from July to October was much higher than in other months. The increase in ground diameter in the two months accounted for 76.89% of the total increase in the second year, and 61.23% of the total increase in the third year. The monthly growth in ground diameter peaked in August in the two years. [Conclusion] The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and popularization of L polycarpa in Chongqing and surrounding provinces and cities.
基金supported by the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050201-04-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371053, 31500369)the ‘One Hundred Talent’ Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y451H31001)
文摘Growth of annual plants in arid environments depends largely on rainfall pulses. An increased understanding of the effects of different rainfall patterns on plant growth is critical to predicting the potential responses of plants to the changes in rainfall regimes, such as rainfall intensity and duration, and length of dry intervals. In this study, we investigated the effects of different rainfall patterns（e.g. small rainfall event with high frequency and large rainfall event with low frequency） on biomass, growth characteristics and vertical distribution of root biomass of annual plants in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia of China during the growing season（from May to August） of 2014. Our results showed that the rainfall patterns, independent of total rainfall amount, exerted strong effects on biomass, characteristics of plant growth and vertical distribution of root biomass. Under a constant amount of total rainfall, the aboveground biomass（AGB）, belowground biomass（BGB）, plant cover, plant height, and plant individual and species number increased with an increase in rainfall intensity. Changes in rainfall patterns also altered the percentage contribution of species biomass to the total AGB, and the percentage of BGB at different soil layers to the total BGB. Consequently, our results indicated that increased rainfall intensity in future may increase biomass significantly, and also affect the growth characteristics of annual plants.
基金the Weapon Equipment Beforehand Research Foundation of China(No.9140A19030314JB35275)the Army Technology Element Foundation of China(No.A157167)
文摘Reliability parameter selection is very important in the period of equipment project design and demonstration. In this paper, the problem in selecting the reliability parameters and their number is proposed. In order to solve this problem, the thought of text mining is used to extract the feature and curtail feature sets from text data firstly, and frequent pattern tree （FPT） of the text data is constructed to reason frequent item-set between the key factors by frequent patter growth （FPC） algorithm. Then on the basis of fuzzy Bayesian network （FBN） and sample distribution, this paper fuzzifies the key attributes, which forms associated relationship in frequent item-sets and their main parameters, eliminates the subjective influence factors and obtains condition mutual information and maximum weight directed tree among all the attribute variables. Furthermore, the hybrid model is established by reason fuzzy prior probability and contingent probability and concluding parameter learning method. Finally, the example indicates the model is believable and effective.
基金Interim results for the state social science foundation key project ＂Raising Macro Regulation Level and Maintain Fast and Steady Economic Growth＂ （approve No. 09＆ZD017） and ＂Funding Program for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality＂ （approve No. 00491162340 142）.
文摘The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.
文摘s—Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou Region (Su Xi Chang) is a famous prosperous agricultural region in China. Since the early 1980s agriculture in Su Xi Chang has got constant developed, but its growth rate is lower than the provincial average level of Jiangsu, and its structure has not changed much. Therefore it lost many in the position of agricultural areal division of labour within Jiangsu Province. The authors of this paper suggest that Su Xi Chang agriculture should perform multiple social, economic and ecological functions with the suburban and export oriented farming as the main development direction. It is also necessary to improve management and organization structure for enhancing Su Xi Chang agricultural vitality.
基金Sponsored by National Spark Program(2012GA780024)Program of Marginal Tropical Characteristic Plant Resources Development Center of Guangdong Universities and Colleges(GCZX-B1002)
文摘Large sample sampling was adopted in this paper for the statistical analysis of leaves of four populations of Vetiveria zizanioides （ introduced, local wild, domesticated wild populations of different years）. The results showed that four populations varied in different degrees in terms of tiller height, leaf biomass, and leaf biomass ratio. Leaf length, leaf width, and ratio of leaf width to length of different populations also varied, but had similar power-function change regularity, and showed converging leaf biomass growth pattern and leaf growth process.
文摘Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chamaecyparis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) stand in the Gyeongnam province. Data was collected from two cities and one county by using sample quadrats of 20 * 20 m. A total of 11 quadrats were used to collect tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), annual growth rings and soil data. The data analysis of soil moisture content, pH, organic matter (%), EC (cmol + /kg of soil), and available phosphorous was conducted. Growth ring was analyzed by using computer based software and the ages of the trees were identified. Average growth of height and DBH was computed from the surveyed data and annual growth of each tree was assessed by computer based reading of annual growth rings. The results of the study revealed that tree growth showed a reducing trend along the longevity. It was identified that soil pH, age, variation in annual average temperature, and altitude were the main factors related with growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtusa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> trees along the life of the stand.</span>
文摘Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.
基金supported by the Evaluation of China's Structural Dividend and Research on Relevant Policiesa Special Program of Cultural and Social Sciences Key Research Center of the Department of Education,Liaoning Province(GrantNo.Z J2013046)
文摘In this paper,the authors have made the following findings after the fitting of China's economic growth rate series using an improved STR model:since 1949,great changes have taken place in China's economic growth pattern but factor input remains to be the major source of China's economic growth,as reflected by the extensive pattern of economic growth;with the exception of capital,the marginal output of all other production factors has been on the increase,which suggests that the efficiency of China's factor allocation has been continuously improved;the marginal output of capital has been on the decline,which explains that the dependency on investment for economic growth has led to excessive investment;reform and opening up and reform of marketization have substantially increased the sustainability of China's economic growth.In addition,the authors have investigated the internal momentum of China's growth transformation and developed relevant policy recommendations.
