Within the domain of Intelligent Group Systems(IGSs),this paper develops a resourceaware multitarget Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR)detection framework for multisite MIMO radar systems.It underscores the necessity of ...Within the domain of Intelligent Group Systems(IGSs),this paper develops a resourceaware multitarget Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR)detection framework for multisite MIMO radar systems.It underscores the necessity of managing finite transmit and receive antennas and transmit power systematically to enhance detection performance.To tackle the multidimensional resource optimization challenge,we introduce a Cooperative Transmit-Receive Antenna Selection and Power Allocation(CTRSPA)strategy.It employs a perception-action cycle that incorporates uncertain external support information to optimize worst-case detection performance with multiple targets.First,we derive a closed-form expression that incorporates uncertainty for the noncoherent integration squared-law detection probability using the Neyman-Pearson criterion.Subsequently,a joint optimization model for antenna selection and power allocation in CFAR detection is formulated,incorporating practical radar resource constraints.Mathematically,this represents an NPhard problem involving coupled continuous and Boolean variables.We propose a three-stage method—Reformulation,Node Picker,and Convex Power Allocation—that capitalizes on the independent convexity of the optimization model for each variable,ensuring a near-optimal result.Simulations confirm the approach's effectiveness,efficiency,and timeliness,particularly for large-scale radar networks,and reveal the impact of threat levels,system layout,and detection parameters on resource allocation.展开更多
The controllability problem of heterogeneous interdependent group systems with undirected and directed topology is investigated in this paper. First, the interdependent model of the heterogeneous system is set up acco...The controllability problem of heterogeneous interdependent group systems with undirected and directed topology is investigated in this paper. First, the interdependent model of the heterogeneous system is set up according to the difference of individual characteristics. An extended distributed protocol with the external sliding-mode control is designed, under which it is shown that a heterogeneous interdependent group system is controllable when the corresponding communication topology is controllable. Then, using the network eigenvalue method, the driving individuals are determined for a heterogeneous system with undirected topology. Under directed topology, the maximum match method is utilized to confirm the driving individuals. Some sufficient and necessary conditions are presented to assure that the heterogeneous interdependent group system is structurally controllable. Via theoretical analysis, the controllability of heterogeneous interdependent systems is related to the interdependent manner and the structure of the heterogeneous system. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.展开更多
Objective:To screen the blood group system genes of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic group in Hainan Province and provide laboratory data for the rare blood group database in this ar...Objective:To screen the blood group system genes of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic group in Hainan Province and provide laboratory data for the rare blood group database in this area.Methods:The alleles of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of 300 voluntary participants of Li ethnic group in Hainan were detected by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction,and the polymorphism was analyzed.Results:The allele frequencies of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic groups in Hainan Province are 0.9583 for Fy^(a),0.0417 for Fy^(b),0.8350 for Au^(a),0.1650 for Au^(b),0.4500 for Jk^(a),0.5500 for Jk^(b),0.0667 for Di^(a),0.9333 for Di^(b),0.1017 for Doa and 0.8983 for Dob,respectively.The antigen incompatibility rates of Fy^(a)/Fy^(b),Au^(a)/Au^(b),Jk^(a)/Jk^(b),Di^(a)/Di^(b),Doa/Dob of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems were 7.67%,23.76%,37.25%,11.67%and 16.60%,respectively.Conclusion:The gene frequencies of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic group in Hainan Province are polymorphic,and the antigen incompatibility rates of alleles are higher,which is quite different from that of other nationalities in China and with unique ethnic distribution characteristics.It is of great significance to establish the rare blood group database in this region.展开更多
High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the ex...High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.展开更多
Herein the use of rare-earth compounds in catalytic reduction systems for the end-group functionalization of carboxyl-terminated low-molecularweight fluoropolymers was explored.Leveraging the high catalytic activity a...Herein the use of rare-earth compounds in catalytic reduction systems for the end-group functionalization of carboxyl-terminated low-molecularweight fluoropolymers was explored.Leveraging the high catalytic activity and selectivity of rare-earth compounds along with no residual impact on polymer product's performance,highly efficient catalytic reduction systems containing sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4))and rare-earth chloride(RECl_(3))were specifically designed for a telechelic carboxyl-terminated liquid fluoroeslastomer,aiming to facilitate the conversion of chainend carboxyl groups into hydroxyl groups and improvement in end-group reactivity.To achieve this,lanthanum chloride(LaCl_(3)),cerium chloride(CeCl_(3)),and neodymium chloride(NdCl_(3))were used separately to form catalytic reduction systems with NaBH_(4).The effects of solvent dosage,reaction temperature,reaction time length,and reductant dosage on carboxylic conversion were investigated,and the molecular chain structure,molecular weight,and functional group content of the raw materials and the products were analyzed and characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),proton nuclear magnetic resonance(^(1)H-NMR),fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(19)F-NMR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and chemical titration.Moreover,the catalytic activity and selectivity of the rare-earth chlorides,as well as the corresponding underlying interactions were discussed.Results indicated that the rare-earth-containing catalytic reduction systems studied in this work could efficiently convert the chain-end carboxyl groups into highly active hydroxyl groups,with a highest conversion up to 87.0%and differing catalytic reduction activities ranked as NaBH_(4)/CeCl_(3)>NaBH_(4)/LaCl_(3)>NaBH_(4)/NdCl_(3).Compared with the conventional lithium aluminum hydride(LiAIH_(4))reduction system,the NaBH_(4)/RECl_(3)systems provide multiple advantages such as mild reaction conditions,high conversion ratio with good selectivity,and environmental innocuity,and are potentially applicable as new reduction-catalysis combinations for the synthesis and functionalization of polymer materials.展开更多
This paper investigates the number of limit cycles in a predator-prey system with group defense,intially introduced by Wolkowicz and later examined by Rothe and Shafer in the 1980’s.Under the assumption of large prey...This paper investigates the number of limit cycles in a predator-prey system with group defense,intially introduced by Wolkowicz and later examined by Rothe and Shafer in the 1980’s.Under the assumption of large prey growth,the system reduces to a perturbed singular system,whose limit cycles can be analyzed using geometric singular perturbation methods-primarily through the study of a slow-divergence integral.Our work completes partially the results previously obtained by Li and Zhu and by Hsu.We provide a comprehensive classification of all possible singular cycles capable of generating limit cycles and analyze the slow-divergence integral for the nine distinct types of cycle families that arise in a canard explosion.Based on these findings,we demonstrate that the maximum number of limit cycles emerging from the singular cycles is two in all cases,thereby confirming conjectures posed by Rothe-Shafer and Xiao-Ruan.展开更多
This article investigates the time-varying output group formation tracking control(GFTC)problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(HMASs)under switching topologies.The objective is to design a distributed control s...This article investigates the time-varying output group formation tracking control(GFTC)problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(HMASs)under switching topologies.The objective is to design a distributed control strategy that enables the outputs of the followers to form the desired sub-formations and track the outputs of the leader in each subgroup.Firstly,novel distributed observers are developed to estimate the states of the leaders under switching topologies.Then,GFTC protocols are designed based on the proposed observers.It is shown that with the distributed protocol,the GFTC problem for HMASs under switching topologies is solved if the average dwell time associated with the switching topologies is larger than a fixed threshold.Finally,an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.展开更多
The working group on design and evaluation of intelligent system ergonomics,under SAC/TC 7,Ergonomics,was officially established in Qingdao city,Shandong province on June 18.The launching ceremony was jointly organize...The working group on design and evaluation of intelligent system ergonomics,under SAC/TC 7,Ergonomics,was officially established in Qingdao city,Shandong province on June 18.The launching ceremony was jointly organized by the Sub-institute of Fundamental Standardization of CNIS and China Standard Certification Co.,Ltd.It was attended by more than 60 experts and industry representatives in fields such as smart home technology,intelligent driving,wearable devices,medical health,and nuclear engineering.展开更多
Objective:To assess the burden of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)and analyze the distribution of scrotypes in relation to their source.The review highlights data gaps in transmission dynamics and regional food consumption ...Objective:To assess the burden of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)and analyze the distribution of scrotypes in relation to their source.The review highlights data gaps in transmission dynamics and regional food consumption practices,which are esscntial for designing cffective public health strategies and advancing vaccine development.Methods:Scarches were conducted in Web of Science,MEDLINE,Science Direct,PubMcd,and Scopus databases to find studies related to GBS during 1990-2025.Eligible studies were those that described prevalence,scrotype distribution or scquence type(ST)of GBS in Southeast Asian countries.Random-cffects meta-analysis was used to pool data.Results:A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria from cight countries.The pooled estimate of maternal GBS colonization was 15.1%,with scrotypesII,v,ⅡI,V,and I a accounting for the majority of cases(91.24%)in the Southcast Asia studies.Data on ST was limited;however,ST1 was found to be predominant in Malaysia and Thailand,while ST283 was notably linked to the consumption of raw fish.Conclusions:The pooled estimate of the maternal colonization with GBS was 15.1%which is cquivalent to many other primary and review reports worldwide.Distribution of scrotype and ST is needed to be studied in Southcast Asian countries to devise cffective preventive measures.These findings underscore thc importance of surveillance and tailored prevention strategies to combat GBS infections in Southcast Asia.展开更多
This study presents a numerical simulation of large-scale shaking table tests on a superstructure supported by a pile group installed in an inclined liquefiable site,fo-cusing on nonlinear interactions between piles a...This study presents a numerical simulation of large-scale shaking table tests on a superstructure supported by a pile group installed in an inclined liquefiable site,fo-cusing on nonlinear interactions between piles and the soil.A three-dimensional finite element model of a soil-pile superstructure system is developed using OpenSeesMP.The temporal and spatial evolution of the radial soil pressure around the pile is evaluated in both liquefied and nonlique-fied sites.Results show that the soil pressure around the pile is significantly influenced by site inclination and soil lateral spreading.In liquefied sites,the soil pressure in the ex-truded zone of the upstream pile is significantly higher than that in the diffused zone.However,higher pressure occurs in the diffused zone for nonliquefied sites.Correspond-ingly,the liquefaction state significantly influences the force characteristics of the pile group system.Additionally,the group effect is more pronounced in liquefied sites.The results also indicate that the soil pressure distribution around the piles is closely related to the relative pile-soil displace-ment and reveals different on-pile force mechanisms under varying site conditions.These findings offer valuable in-sights into the seismic design of pile foundations in inclined liquefied sites.展开更多
In this paper,the synchronizable system by groups and the generalized synchronizable system are studied for a coupled system of wave equations.Moreover,situations possessing different groupings are also discussed.
Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materi...Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.展开更多
Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divide...Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.展开更多
Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from...Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.展开更多
There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation c...There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation capabilities.The construction of HC cathodes with more available functional groups and ordered carbon nanocrystal structures is essential for improving K^(+)storage efficiency.Herein,a new perspective is proposed for synthesizing hard carbon nanosheets(HCNS)with abundant hydroxyl groups(O-H)/carboxylic groups(O-C=O)and rational carbon nanocrystals by interfacial assembly and carbonization.Systematic in ex-situ observations,dynamic analysis and theory calculations elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability of HCNS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of abundant available functional groups and ordered graphitic microcrystalline.Consequently,the HCNS exhibits outstanding K^(+)storage capabilities in terms of superb energy density(146.2 Wh/kg),high power density(1,7800 Wh/kg),and ultralong lifespan(102.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).It was also found that the HC structure correlates with the discharge/charge plateau,confirming the'adsorption-insertion'charge storage mechanism.Furthermore,the proposed work provides a theoretical basis for making high-performance HC anodes by understanding the effect of their microstructure on K^(+)storage.展开更多
In a superconductor embedded with a quantum magnetic impurity,the Kondo effect is involved,leading to the competition between the Kondo singlet phase and the superconductivity phase.By means of the natural orbitals re...In a superconductor embedded with a quantum magnetic impurity,the Kondo effect is involved,leading to the competition between the Kondo singlet phase and the superconductivity phase.By means of the natural orbitals renormalization group(NORG)method,we revisit the problem of a quantum magnetic impurity coupled with a conventional s-wave superconductor.Here we present a detailed study focusing on the impurity spin polarization and susceptibility,the Kondo screening cloud,as well as the number and structures of the active natural orbitals(ANOs).In the superconducting phase,the impurity spin is partially polarized,indicating that the impurity remains partially screened by the quantum fluctuations.Furthermore,the impurity spin susceptibility becomes divergent,resulting from the presence of residual local moment formed at the impurity site.Correspondingly,a non-integral(incomplete)Kondo cloud is formed,although the ground state is a spin doublet in this phase.In comparison,the Kondo cloud is complete in the Kondo singlet phase as expected.We also quantify the critical point,where the quantum phase transition from a Kondo singlet phase to a superconducting phase occurs,which is consistent with that in previous works.On the other hand,it is illustrated that only one ANO emerges in both quantum phases.The structures of the ANO,projected into both the real space and momentum space,are distinct in the Kondo singlet phase from that in the superconducting phase.More specifically,in the Kondo singlet phase,the ANO keeps fully active with half-occupied,and the superconducting gap has negligible influence on its structure.On the contrary,in the superconducting phase,the ANO tends to be inactive and its structure changes significantly as the superconducting gap increases.Additionally,our investigation demonstrates that the NORG method is reliable and convenient to solve the quantum impurity problems in superconductors as well,which will promote further theoretical studies on the Kondo problems in such systems using numerical methods.展开更多
The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs).However,research on the impac...The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs).However,research on the impact of fluorination positions at side chains on NFREAs device performance remains scant.In this study,we introduce two isomeric NFREAs,designated as GA-2F-E and GA-2F,distinguished by their fluorination positions at the side chains.Both NFREAs share a thiophene[3,2-b]thiophene core,but their side chains differ:GA-2F-E features two(4-butylphenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) amino groups,whereas GA-2F's side chains consist of bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino and bis(4-butylphenyl)amino groups attached to opposite sides of the core.To delve into the influence of fluorination positions on the optoelectronic properties,aggregation behavior,and overall efficiency of the acceptor molecules,a comprehensive investigation was conducted.The findings reveal that,despite similar photophysical properties and comparable absorption bandwidths,GA-2F-E,with fluorine atoms positioned on both sides of the molecular framework,demonstrates more compact π-π stacking,reduced bimolecular recombination,superior exciton transport,and a more balanced,higher mobility.As a result of these advantages,OSCs optimized with D18:GA-2F-E achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.45 %,surpassing the 15.83 %PCE of devices utilizing D18:GA-2F.This research underscores the potential of NFREAs in future applications and highlights the significance of fluorination positions in enhancing OSC performance,paving the way for the development of more efficient NFREAs.展开更多
THE Torch Festival is the most significant and grandest celebration for all Yi communities across China’s Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,with a history spanning over a thousand years.It reflects the Yi people’...THE Torch Festival is the most significant and grandest celebration for all Yi communities across China’s Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,with a history spanning over a thousand years.It reflects the Yi people’s long-standing reverence for fire.Originating from the Yi ancestors’worship of fire,the festival was intended to drive away pests and evil spirits,protect crops,and represent prayers for a bountiful harvest.展开更多
Let M be a compact n-manifold of positive sectional curvature.We will review classical results on the fundamental group of M,a motivation on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture that the fundamental group of M contains a cyclic...Let M be a compact n-manifold of positive sectional curvature.We will review classical results on the fundamental group of M,a motivation on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture that the fundamental group of M contains a cyclic subgroup of index bounded above by c(n),a constant depending only on n,and we will survey partial results(up to date)on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62071482 and 62471348)the Shaanxi Association of Science and Technology Youth Talent Support Program Project,China(No.20230137)+1 种基金the Innovative Talents Cultivate Program for Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024RS-CXTD-08)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,China。
文摘Within the domain of Intelligent Group Systems(IGSs),this paper develops a resourceaware multitarget Constant False Alarm Rate(CFAR)detection framework for multisite MIMO radar systems.It underscores the necessity of managing finite transmit and receive antennas and transmit power systematically to enhance detection performance.To tackle the multidimensional resource optimization challenge,we introduce a Cooperative Transmit-Receive Antenna Selection and Power Allocation(CTRSPA)strategy.It employs a perception-action cycle that incorporates uncertain external support information to optimize worst-case detection performance with multiple targets.First,we derive a closed-form expression that incorporates uncertainty for the noncoherent integration squared-law detection probability using the Neyman-Pearson criterion.Subsequently,a joint optimization model for antenna selection and power allocation in CFAR detection is formulated,incorporating practical radar resource constraints.Mathematically,this represents an NPhard problem involving coupled continuous and Boolean variables.We propose a three-stage method—Reformulation,Node Picker,and Convex Power Allocation—that capitalizes on the independent convexity of the optimization model for each variable,ensuring a near-optimal result.Simulations confirm the approach's effectiveness,efficiency,and timeliness,particularly for large-scale radar networks,and reveal the impact of threat levels,system layout,and detection parameters on resource allocation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61603137 and 11662002)the Innovation Team Project of Jiangxi Provincial Innovation Drive "5511" Advantaged Science and Technology(Grant No.20165BCB19011)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant Nos.20171BAB212016 and 20171BAB202029)the Key Research and Development Project of the Technology Department of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.20161BBE53008)the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of East China Jiaotong University(Grant No.2003418002)
文摘The controllability problem of heterogeneous interdependent group systems with undirected and directed topology is investigated in this paper. First, the interdependent model of the heterogeneous system is set up according to the difference of individual characteristics. An extended distributed protocol with the external sliding-mode control is designed, under which it is shown that a heterogeneous interdependent group system is controllable when the corresponding communication topology is controllable. Then, using the network eigenvalue method, the driving individuals are determined for a heterogeneous system with undirected topology. Under directed topology, the maximum match method is utilized to confirm the driving individuals. Some sufficient and necessary conditions are presented to assure that the heterogeneous interdependent group system is structurally controllable. Via theoretical analysis, the controllability of heterogeneous interdependent systems is related to the interdependent manner and the structure of the heterogeneous system. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.820QN410)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(No.QWYH202175)。
文摘Objective:To screen the blood group system genes of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic group in Hainan Province and provide laboratory data for the rare blood group database in this area.Methods:The alleles of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of 300 voluntary participants of Li ethnic group in Hainan were detected by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction,and the polymorphism was analyzed.Results:The allele frequencies of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic groups in Hainan Province are 0.9583 for Fy^(a),0.0417 for Fy^(b),0.8350 for Au^(a),0.1650 for Au^(b),0.4500 for Jk^(a),0.5500 for Jk^(b),0.0667 for Di^(a),0.9333 for Di^(b),0.1017 for Doa and 0.8983 for Dob,respectively.The antigen incompatibility rates of Fy^(a)/Fy^(b),Au^(a)/Au^(b),Jk^(a)/Jk^(b),Di^(a)/Di^(b),Doa/Dob of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems were 7.67%,23.76%,37.25%,11.67%and 16.60%,respectively.Conclusion:The gene frequencies of Duffy,Lutheran,Kidd,Diego,Dombrock blood group systems of Li ethnic group in Hainan Province are polymorphic,and the antigen incompatibility rates of alleles are higher,which is quite different from that of other nationalities in China and with unique ethnic distribution characteristics.It is of great significance to establish the rare blood group database in this region.
基金supported by a grant of the M.D.-Ph.D./Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(to HK)+3 种基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSITMinistry of Science and ICT)(NRF2019R1A5A2026045 and NRF-2021R1F1A1061819)a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HR21C1003)New Faculty Research Fund of Ajou University School of Medicine(to JYC)。
文摘High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
文摘Herein the use of rare-earth compounds in catalytic reduction systems for the end-group functionalization of carboxyl-terminated low-molecularweight fluoropolymers was explored.Leveraging the high catalytic activity and selectivity of rare-earth compounds along with no residual impact on polymer product's performance,highly efficient catalytic reduction systems containing sodium borohydride(NaBH_(4))and rare-earth chloride(RECl_(3))were specifically designed for a telechelic carboxyl-terminated liquid fluoroeslastomer,aiming to facilitate the conversion of chainend carboxyl groups into hydroxyl groups and improvement in end-group reactivity.To achieve this,lanthanum chloride(LaCl_(3)),cerium chloride(CeCl_(3)),and neodymium chloride(NdCl_(3))were used separately to form catalytic reduction systems with NaBH_(4).The effects of solvent dosage,reaction temperature,reaction time length,and reductant dosage on carboxylic conversion were investigated,and the molecular chain structure,molecular weight,and functional group content of the raw materials and the products were analyzed and characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),proton nuclear magnetic resonance(^(1)H-NMR),fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance(^(19)F-NMR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and chemical titration.Moreover,the catalytic activity and selectivity of the rare-earth chlorides,as well as the corresponding underlying interactions were discussed.Results indicated that the rare-earth-containing catalytic reduction systems studied in this work could efficiently convert the chain-end carboxyl groups into highly active hydroxyl groups,with a highest conversion up to 87.0%and differing catalytic reduction activities ranked as NaBH_(4)/CeCl_(3)>NaBH_(4)/LaCl_(3)>NaBH_(4)/NdCl_(3).Compared with the conventional lithium aluminum hydride(LiAIH_(4))reduction system,the NaBH_(4)/RECl_(3)systems provide multiple advantages such as mild reaction conditions,high conversion ratio with good selectivity,and environmental innocuity,and are potentially applicable as new reduction-catalysis combinations for the synthesis and functionalization of polymer materials.
文摘This paper investigates the number of limit cycles in a predator-prey system with group defense,intially introduced by Wolkowicz and later examined by Rothe and Shafer in the 1980’s.Under the assumption of large prey growth,the system reduces to a perturbed singular system,whose limit cycles can be analyzed using geometric singular perturbation methods-primarily through the study of a slow-divergence integral.Our work completes partially the results previously obtained by Li and Zhu and by Hsu.We provide a comprehensive classification of all possible singular cycles capable of generating limit cycles and analyze the slow-divergence integral for the nine distinct types of cycle families that arise in a canard explosion.Based on these findings,we demonstrate that the maximum number of limit cycles emerging from the singular cycles is two in all cases,thereby confirming conjectures posed by Rothe-Shafer and Xiao-Ruan.
文摘This article investigates the time-varying output group formation tracking control(GFTC)problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(HMASs)under switching topologies.The objective is to design a distributed control strategy that enables the outputs of the followers to form the desired sub-formations and track the outputs of the leader in each subgroup.Firstly,novel distributed observers are developed to estimate the states of the leaders under switching topologies.Then,GFTC protocols are designed based on the proposed observers.It is shown that with the distributed protocol,the GFTC problem for HMASs under switching topologies is solved if the average dwell time associated with the switching topologies is larger than a fixed threshold.Finally,an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
文摘The working group on design and evaluation of intelligent system ergonomics,under SAC/TC 7,Ergonomics,was officially established in Qingdao city,Shandong province on June 18.The launching ceremony was jointly organized by the Sub-institute of Fundamental Standardization of CNIS and China Standard Certification Co.,Ltd.It was attended by more than 60 experts and industry representatives in fields such as smart home technology,intelligent driving,wearable devices,medical health,and nuclear engineering.
文摘Objective:To assess the burden of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)and analyze the distribution of scrotypes in relation to their source.The review highlights data gaps in transmission dynamics and regional food consumption practices,which are esscntial for designing cffective public health strategies and advancing vaccine development.Methods:Scarches were conducted in Web of Science,MEDLINE,Science Direct,PubMcd,and Scopus databases to find studies related to GBS during 1990-2025.Eligible studies were those that described prevalence,scrotype distribution or scquence type(ST)of GBS in Southeast Asian countries.Random-cffects meta-analysis was used to pool data.Results:A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria from cight countries.The pooled estimate of maternal GBS colonization was 15.1%,with scrotypesII,v,ⅡI,V,and I a accounting for the majority of cases(91.24%)in the Southcast Asia studies.Data on ST was limited;however,ST1 was found to be predominant in Malaysia and Thailand,while ST283 was notably linked to the consumption of raw fish.Conclusions:The pooled estimate of the maternal colonization with GBS was 15.1%which is cquivalent to many other primary and review reports worldwide.Distribution of scrotype and ST is needed to be studied in Southcast Asian countries to devise cffective preventive measures.These findings underscore thc importance of surveillance and tailored prevention strategies to combat GBS infections in Southcast Asia.
基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 52225807)。
文摘This study presents a numerical simulation of large-scale shaking table tests on a superstructure supported by a pile group installed in an inclined liquefiable site,fo-cusing on nonlinear interactions between piles and the soil.A three-dimensional finite element model of a soil-pile superstructure system is developed using OpenSeesMP.The temporal and spatial evolution of the radial soil pressure around the pile is evaluated in both liquefied and nonlique-fied sites.Results show that the soil pressure around the pile is significantly influenced by site inclination and soil lateral spreading.In liquefied sites,the soil pressure in the ex-truded zone of the upstream pile is significantly higher than that in the diffused zone.However,higher pressure occurs in the diffused zone for nonliquefied sites.Correspond-ingly,the liquefaction state significantly influences the force characteristics of the pile group system.Additionally,the group effect is more pronounced in liquefied sites.The results also indicate that the soil pressure distribution around the piles is closely related to the relative pile-soil displace-ment and reveals different on-pile force mechanisms under varying site conditions.These findings offer valuable in-sights into the seismic design of pile foundations in inclined liquefied sites.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301577)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC1346).
文摘In this paper,the synchronizable system by groups and the generalized synchronizable system are studied for a coupled system of wave equations.Moreover,situations possessing different groupings are also discussed.
文摘Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071092)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515012072)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(Grant No.2024AH051298)the Scientific Research Foundation of Bozhou University(Grant No.BYKQ202419).
文摘Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G.The normal index of H in G is defined as the order of K/H_(G),where K is a normal supplement of H in G such that|K|is minimal and H_(G)≤K■G.Let p be a prime which divides the order of a group G.In this paper,some characterizations of G being p-solvable or p-supersolvable were obtained by analyzing the normal index of certain subgroups of G.These results can be viewed as local version of recent results in the literature.
文摘Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22269020,42167068,U23A20582)Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project(No.2023CYZC-17)2024 Major Cultivation Projectfor University Research and Innovation Platforms(No.2024CXPT-10).
文摘There are limitations to using hard carbon(HC)in K^(+)storage due to its insufficient high-current reversible capacity and plateau potential,which result from the lack of effective active sites and low intercalation capabilities.The construction of HC cathodes with more available functional groups and ordered carbon nanocrystal structures is essential for improving K^(+)storage efficiency.Herein,a new perspective is proposed for synthesizing hard carbon nanosheets(HCNS)with abundant hydroxyl groups(O-H)/carboxylic groups(O-C=O)and rational carbon nanocrystals by interfacial assembly and carbonization.Systematic in ex-situ observations,dynamic analysis and theory calculations elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability of HCNS is ascribed to the synergistic effect of abundant available functional groups and ordered graphitic microcrystalline.Consequently,the HCNS exhibits outstanding K^(+)storage capabilities in terms of superb energy density(146.2 Wh/kg),high power density(1,7800 Wh/kg),and ultralong lifespan(102.9%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles).It was also found that the HC structure correlates with the discharge/charge plateau,confirming the'adsorption-insertion'charge storage mechanism.Furthermore,the proposed work provides a theoretical basis for making high-performance HC anodes by understanding the effect of their microstructure on K^(+)storage.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104247 and 11934020)。
文摘In a superconductor embedded with a quantum magnetic impurity,the Kondo effect is involved,leading to the competition between the Kondo singlet phase and the superconductivity phase.By means of the natural orbitals renormalization group(NORG)method,we revisit the problem of a quantum magnetic impurity coupled with a conventional s-wave superconductor.Here we present a detailed study focusing on the impurity spin polarization and susceptibility,the Kondo screening cloud,as well as the number and structures of the active natural orbitals(ANOs).In the superconducting phase,the impurity spin is partially polarized,indicating that the impurity remains partially screened by the quantum fluctuations.Furthermore,the impurity spin susceptibility becomes divergent,resulting from the presence of residual local moment formed at the impurity site.Correspondingly,a non-integral(incomplete)Kondo cloud is formed,although the ground state is a spin doublet in this phase.In comparison,the Kondo cloud is complete in the Kondo singlet phase as expected.We also quantify the critical point,where the quantum phase transition from a Kondo singlet phase to a superconducting phase occurs,which is consistent with that in previous works.On the other hand,it is illustrated that only one ANO emerges in both quantum phases.The structures of the ANO,projected into both the real space and momentum space,are distinct in the Kondo singlet phase from that in the superconducting phase.More specifically,in the Kondo singlet phase,the ANO keeps fully active with half-occupied,and the superconducting gap has negligible influence on its structure.On the contrary,in the superconducting phase,the ANO tends to be inactive and its structure changes significantly as the superconducting gap increases.Additionally,our investigation demonstrates that the NORG method is reliable and convenient to solve the quantum impurity problems in superconductors as well,which will promote further theoretical studies on the Kondo problems in such systems using numerical methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22375024,21975031,51933001,and 21734009)。
文摘The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs).However,research on the impact of fluorination positions at side chains on NFREAs device performance remains scant.In this study,we introduce two isomeric NFREAs,designated as GA-2F-E and GA-2F,distinguished by their fluorination positions at the side chains.Both NFREAs share a thiophene[3,2-b]thiophene core,but their side chains differ:GA-2F-E features two(4-butylphenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) amino groups,whereas GA-2F's side chains consist of bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino and bis(4-butylphenyl)amino groups attached to opposite sides of the core.To delve into the influence of fluorination positions on the optoelectronic properties,aggregation behavior,and overall efficiency of the acceptor molecules,a comprehensive investigation was conducted.The findings reveal that,despite similar photophysical properties and comparable absorption bandwidths,GA-2F-E,with fluorine atoms positioned on both sides of the molecular framework,demonstrates more compact π-π stacking,reduced bimolecular recombination,superior exciton transport,and a more balanced,higher mobility.As a result of these advantages,OSCs optimized with D18:GA-2F-E achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.45 %,surpassing the 15.83 %PCE of devices utilizing D18:GA-2F.This research underscores the potential of NFREAs in future applications and highlights the significance of fluorination positions in enhancing OSC performance,paving the way for the development of more efficient NFREAs.
文摘THE Torch Festival is the most significant and grandest celebration for all Yi communities across China’s Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,with a history spanning over a thousand years.It reflects the Yi people’s long-standing reverence for fire.Originating from the Yi ancestors’worship of fire,the festival was intended to drive away pests and evil spirits,protect crops,and represent prayers for a bountiful harvest.
文摘Let M be a compact n-manifold of positive sectional curvature.We will review classical results on the fundamental group of M,a motivation on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture that the fundamental group of M contains a cyclic subgroup of index bounded above by c(n),a constant depending only on n,and we will survey partial results(up to date)on the c(n)-cyclic conjecture.
