As global energy systems transition toward high shares of renewable energy,maintaining frequency stability becomes increasingly challenging in the case of the reduced inertia and dispatchability of inverter-based reso...As global energy systems transition toward high shares of renewable energy,maintaining frequency stability becomes increasingly challenging in the case of the reduced inertia and dispatchability of inverter-based resources.Power generation,including renewable energy technologies as well as thermal power generation,continues to serve a vital role in frequency regulation of power grids but confronts accelerating operational issues,especially when tackling frequent,rapid cycling.Flywheels with their fast response,high power density,long cycle life,and minimal environmental drawbacks,have emerged as promising auxiliary resources for enhancing flexibility in frequency regulation challenges.This paper presents a comprehensive review of flywheel technology development and its limitations,followed by an introduction to the diverse types of grid-scale high-power flywheel energy storage systems.Overviews of the flywheel-assisted power grid paradigm,focusing on advanced flywheel technologies,coordinated control strategies,and economic optimizations in electrical trading markets,are also summarized.The electricity trading market mechanisms,including ancillary service reforms and capacity payments,which reshape power grid balancing by leveraging the role of fastresponse storage,are further investigated and discussed.Finally,practical pilot implementations are examined in regions such as Shanxi and Ningxia,China,and Bacon,the United States,demonstrating the efficacy of the independent Flywheel Energy Storage System(FESS)and assisted power generation.This insight expands the research landscape and provides new directions including the interoperability of FESS with low-inertia grids,comprehensive lifecycle assessment,integration within hybrid storage topologies,and the design of investment incentives to promote large-scale adoption.展开更多
中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所自2017年开始推进中亚区域快速更新多尺度分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA的研发工作,并在多源资料联合同化技术、参数化方案优化和动力框架调整方面取得了一定的研究成果。在回顾RMAPS-CA业务研发历程的基础上...中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所自2017年开始推进中亚区域快速更新多尺度分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA的研发工作,并在多源资料联合同化技术、参数化方案优化和动力框架调整方面取得了一定的研究成果。在回顾RMAPS-CA业务研发历程的基础上,重点对雷达反射率同化、高空次网格地形重力波拖曳与近地层阻塞拖曳分离的次网格物理过程、混合地形追随坐标动力框架以及基于贝叶斯模式平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)方法订正预报产品等方面所取得的研究成果进行综述。针对中亚地区常规观测稀疏且沙漠下垫面范围广等特点,从卫星地面通道同化等方面提出了加强中亚区域数值天气预报业务研发及应用的建议。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52376007).
文摘As global energy systems transition toward high shares of renewable energy,maintaining frequency stability becomes increasingly challenging in the case of the reduced inertia and dispatchability of inverter-based resources.Power generation,including renewable energy technologies as well as thermal power generation,continues to serve a vital role in frequency regulation of power grids but confronts accelerating operational issues,especially when tackling frequent,rapid cycling.Flywheels with their fast response,high power density,long cycle life,and minimal environmental drawbacks,have emerged as promising auxiliary resources for enhancing flexibility in frequency regulation challenges.This paper presents a comprehensive review of flywheel technology development and its limitations,followed by an introduction to the diverse types of grid-scale high-power flywheel energy storage systems.Overviews of the flywheel-assisted power grid paradigm,focusing on advanced flywheel technologies,coordinated control strategies,and economic optimizations in electrical trading markets,are also summarized.The electricity trading market mechanisms,including ancillary service reforms and capacity payments,which reshape power grid balancing by leveraging the role of fastresponse storage,are further investigated and discussed.Finally,practical pilot implementations are examined in regions such as Shanxi and Ningxia,China,and Bacon,the United States,demonstrating the efficacy of the independent Flywheel Energy Storage System(FESS)and assisted power generation.This insight expands the research landscape and provides new directions including the interoperability of FESS with low-inertia grids,comprehensive lifecycle assessment,integration within hybrid storage topologies,and the design of investment incentives to promote large-scale adoption.
文摘中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所自2017年开始推进中亚区域快速更新多尺度分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA的研发工作,并在多源资料联合同化技术、参数化方案优化和动力框架调整方面取得了一定的研究成果。在回顾RMAPS-CA业务研发历程的基础上,重点对雷达反射率同化、高空次网格地形重力波拖曳与近地层阻塞拖曳分离的次网格物理过程、混合地形追随坐标动力框架以及基于贝叶斯模式平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)方法订正预报产品等方面所取得的研究成果进行综述。针对中亚地区常规观测稀疏且沙漠下垫面范围广等特点,从卫星地面通道同化等方面提出了加强中亚区域数值天气预报业务研发及应用的建议。
