This paper presents a reasonable gridding-parameters extraction method for setting the optimal interpolation nodes in the gridding of scattered observed data. The method can extract optimized gridding parameters based...This paper presents a reasonable gridding-parameters extraction method for setting the optimal interpolation nodes in the gridding of scattered observed data. The method can extract optimized gridding parameters based on the distribution of features in raw data. Modeling analysis proves that distortion caused by gridding can be greatly reduced when using such parameters. We also present some improved technical measures that use human- machine interaction and multi-thread parallel technology to solve inadequacies in traditional gridding software. On the basis of these methods, we have developed software that can be used to grid scattered data using a graphic interface. Finally, a comparison of different gridding parameters on field magnetic data from Ji Lin Province, North China demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method in eliminating the distortions and enhancing gridding efficiency.展开更多
A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze ...A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze River Valley during the mei-yu period of 1991. The simulation results showed that by considering the sub-grid scale topography scheme, one can significantly improve the performance of the model for simulating the rainfall distribution and intensity during these three heavy rainfall events, most especially the second and third. It was also discovered that the rainfall was mainly due to convective precipitation. The comparison between experiments, either with and without the sub-grid scale topography scheme, showed that the model using the scheme reproduced the convergence intensity and distribution at the 850 hPa level and the ascending motion and moisture convergence center located at 500 hPa over the Yangtze River valley. However, some deviations still exist in the simulation of the atmospheric moisture content, the convergence distribution and the moisture transportation route, which mainly result in lower simulated precipitation levels. Further analysis of the simulation results demonstrated that the sub-grid topography scheme modified the distribution of the surface energy budget components, especially at the south and southwest edges of the Tibetan Plateau, leading to the development and eastward propagation of the negative geopotential height difference and positive temperature-lapse rate difference at 700 hPa, which possibly led to an improved precipitation simulation over eastern China.展开更多
使用1980~2017年共38年崇明站逐日降水资料对崇明站年降水量及暴雨日数的特征进行分析,并使用中尺度数值预报模式WRF3.9.1.1(Weather Research and Forecasting model)针对崇明年降水量及暴雨日数异常年份2015年的最强降水过程进行数值...使用1980~2017年共38年崇明站逐日降水资料对崇明站年降水量及暴雨日数的特征进行分析,并使用中尺度数值预报模式WRF3.9.1.1(Weather Research and Forecasting model)针对崇明年降水量及暴雨日数异常年份2015年的最强降水过程进行数值模拟,结合站点降水观测资料使用统计方法来系统验证模拟结果。通过敏感性试验着重研究尺度自适应的GF(Grell–Freitas)与传统的KF(Kain–Fritsch)、BMJ(Betts–Miller–Janji?)积云对流参数化方案在不同比率的网格嵌套方式下对于本次过程极端降水总量及逐时变化预报的影响。研究结果表明:使用大比率(9:1或15:1)的双层嵌套可以更真实地模拟强降水区累积降水量分布和逐时变化情况,而使用传统的小比率(3:1或5:1)三层嵌套网格会导致大暴雨和特大暴雨的TS(Threat Score)评分降低,小时降水峰值模拟偏弱等问题;模式外圈使用传统的KF、BMJ积云对流方案比尺度自适应的GF方案对于内圈高分辨率的极端降水总量、逐时变化模拟更有优势,特别是使用KF方案,可以更真实地模拟出极端降水中心的日变化强度;而使用GF方案对于入海口降水模拟偏弱,大暴雨和特大暴雨的TS评分普遍偏低,小时降水峰值也被严重低估。展开更多
随着WebBIM(Web Building Information Modeling)技术的大力发展,建筑模型的复杂度与构件数量呈几何倍数增长,其中管廊复杂网格是影响模型轻量化和在线渲染速率的一个关键性问题。为有效减少管廊复杂网格模型的数据量及复杂度,针对一般...随着WebBIM(Web Building Information Modeling)技术的大力发展,建筑模型的复杂度与构件数量呈几何倍数增长,其中管廊复杂网格是影响模型轻量化和在线渲染速率的一个关键性问题。为有效减少管廊复杂网格模型的数据量及复杂度,针对一般圆柱体形管廊,复杂网格的弯管管廊模型及中空管廊网格模型,提出了一套轻量级参数化算法。该算法对场景中的管廊模型进行参数化重绘并辅助以多细节层次等视觉优化手段,以减轻WebBIM场景中的管廊模型渲染负担,其在拥有大量管廊模型的场景中应用成功,具有较强的工程实践意义。展开更多
基金partly supported by the Public Geological Survey Project(No.201011039)the National High Technology Research and Development Project of China(No.2007AA06Z134)the 111 Project under the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs,China(No.B07011)
文摘This paper presents a reasonable gridding-parameters extraction method for setting the optimal interpolation nodes in the gridding of scattered observed data. The method can extract optimized gridding parameters based on the distribution of features in raw data. Modeling analysis proves that distortion caused by gridding can be greatly reduced when using such parameters. We also present some improved technical measures that use human- machine interaction and multi-thread parallel technology to solve inadequacies in traditional gridding software. On the basis of these methods, we have developed software that can be used to grid scattered data using a graphic interface. Finally, a comparison of different gridding parameters on field magnetic data from Ji Lin Province, North China demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method in eliminating the distortions and enhancing gridding efficiency.
文摘A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze River Valley during the mei-yu period of 1991. The simulation results showed that by considering the sub-grid scale topography scheme, one can significantly improve the performance of the model for simulating the rainfall distribution and intensity during these three heavy rainfall events, most especially the second and third. It was also discovered that the rainfall was mainly due to convective precipitation. The comparison between experiments, either with and without the sub-grid scale topography scheme, showed that the model using the scheme reproduced the convergence intensity and distribution at the 850 hPa level and the ascending motion and moisture convergence center located at 500 hPa over the Yangtze River valley. However, some deviations still exist in the simulation of the atmospheric moisture content, the convergence distribution and the moisture transportation route, which mainly result in lower simulated precipitation levels. Further analysis of the simulation results demonstrated that the sub-grid topography scheme modified the distribution of the surface energy budget components, especially at the south and southwest edges of the Tibetan Plateau, leading to the development and eastward propagation of the negative geopotential height difference and positive temperature-lapse rate difference at 700 hPa, which possibly led to an improved precipitation simulation over eastern China.
文摘使用1980~2017年共38年崇明站逐日降水资料对崇明站年降水量及暴雨日数的特征进行分析,并使用中尺度数值预报模式WRF3.9.1.1(Weather Research and Forecasting model)针对崇明年降水量及暴雨日数异常年份2015年的最强降水过程进行数值模拟,结合站点降水观测资料使用统计方法来系统验证模拟结果。通过敏感性试验着重研究尺度自适应的GF(Grell–Freitas)与传统的KF(Kain–Fritsch)、BMJ(Betts–Miller–Janji?)积云对流参数化方案在不同比率的网格嵌套方式下对于本次过程极端降水总量及逐时变化预报的影响。研究结果表明:使用大比率(9:1或15:1)的双层嵌套可以更真实地模拟强降水区累积降水量分布和逐时变化情况,而使用传统的小比率(3:1或5:1)三层嵌套网格会导致大暴雨和特大暴雨的TS(Threat Score)评分降低,小时降水峰值模拟偏弱等问题;模式外圈使用传统的KF、BMJ积云对流方案比尺度自适应的GF方案对于内圈高分辨率的极端降水总量、逐时变化模拟更有优势,特别是使用KF方案,可以更真实地模拟出极端降水中心的日变化强度;而使用GF方案对于入海口降水模拟偏弱,大暴雨和特大暴雨的TS评分普遍偏低,小时降水峰值也被严重低估。
文摘随着WebBIM(Web Building Information Modeling)技术的大力发展,建筑模型的复杂度与构件数量呈几何倍数增长,其中管廊复杂网格是影响模型轻量化和在线渲染速率的一个关键性问题。为有效减少管廊复杂网格模型的数据量及复杂度,针对一般圆柱体形管廊,复杂网格的弯管管廊模型及中空管廊网格模型,提出了一套轻量级参数化算法。该算法对场景中的管廊模型进行参数化重绘并辅助以多细节层次等视觉优化手段,以减轻WebBIM场景中的管廊模型渲染负担,其在拥有大量管廊模型的场景中应用成功,具有较强的工程实践意义。
