With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not ...With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.展开更多
Aims In arid communities,it has been proposed that individual plants can extend their roots beyond their canopy exploring neighbour-ing bare ground areas.This becomes relevant in systems where the vegetation is distri...Aims In arid communities,it has been proposed that individual plants can extend their roots beyond their canopy exploring neighbour-ing bare ground areas.This becomes relevant in systems where the vegetation is distributed in patches surrounded by bare soil.However,whether roots of different species may be overlapping under bare ground areas is still controversial.The factors control-ling root responses when no plants appear to be directly influ-encing the gap among patches are still unclear.The aim of our study was to detect perennial grasses responses to an N enrich-ment pulse.Methods In a semi-arid steppe(Patagonia,Argentina),we buried root traps filled with sieved soil with and without N addition,under bare soil patches.Traps were harvested after 4 and 6 months.Trap neighbour-hoods(30 cm in diameter)included at least three of the dominant tussock species.After harvests,we identified species in the traps by root traits and quantified diversity,biomass and specific relative growth rates.Important Findings Bare ground areas show simultaneous root growth of different spe-cies.Diversity of perennial grass roots was higher with N addition than without it in the first harvest(4 months),but this difference disappeared in the second harvest(6 months).Root biomass was maximal after 6 months in N addition traps.Species preferred by herbivores(Bromus pictus and Poa ligularis)showed rapid growth and responses to N addition.Differences between harvests may be an indicative that N pulses interact with rising temperatures and soil water content as growing season progress.展开更多
Background:There is limited knowledge on how to increase soil organic car-bon(SOC)stocks under tropical conditions.This study investigates SOC changes after converting land from native savanna(NS)to improved pasture(I...Background:There is limited knowledge on how to increase soil organic car-bon(SOC)stocks under tropical conditions.This study investigates SOC changes after converting land from native savanna(NS)to improved pasture(IP)land use.Methods:Two acidic soil conversion sites were examined:(i)a poorly drained slope with medium‐texture soil(Casanare[CAS]1)and(ii)flat terrain withfine‐texture soil(CAS2).Anotherflat site was evaluated(Atlántico[ATL]),withfine‐textured to moderately textured neutral soil.Soil samples were col-lected and analyzed.SOC stocks(0–60 cm soil depth)were estimated,with a complex analysis of variance analyzing pasture type and soil depth.Results:NS to IP conversion resulted in significant SOC accumulation in two regions,with losses in one(CAS2).ATL showed higher SOC accumulation than CAS.IP adoption led to SOC accumulation at depth(0–60 cm)after 10 years in CAS1.Elevated clay content in CAS2 favored SOC storage,while poorly drained areas hindered accumulation in CAS1.Cultivating rice before IP at CAS2 likely depleted SOC(0–20 cm),with 4 years of IP not restoring initial levels.Conclusions:Adopting IP over NS can increase SOC.Grassland type,soil properties,and land‐use change all influence SOC accumulation.These data inform sustainable land management for low‐emission livestock production.展开更多
文摘With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.
基金Funding was provided by grants from FONCyT(PICT 00462)Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciencia y Técnica(UBACyT G0032)to MR Aguiar.
文摘Aims In arid communities,it has been proposed that individual plants can extend their roots beyond their canopy exploring neighbour-ing bare ground areas.This becomes relevant in systems where the vegetation is distributed in patches surrounded by bare soil.However,whether roots of different species may be overlapping under bare ground areas is still controversial.The factors control-ling root responses when no plants appear to be directly influ-encing the gap among patches are still unclear.The aim of our study was to detect perennial grasses responses to an N enrich-ment pulse.Methods In a semi-arid steppe(Patagonia,Argentina),we buried root traps filled with sieved soil with and without N addition,under bare soil patches.Traps were harvested after 4 and 6 months.Trap neighbour-hoods(30 cm in diameter)included at least three of the dominant tussock species.After harvests,we identified species in the traps by root traits and quantified diversity,biomass and specific relative growth rates.Important Findings Bare ground areas show simultaneous root growth of different spe-cies.Diversity of perennial grass roots was higher with N addition than without it in the first harvest(4 months),but this difference disappeared in the second harvest(6 months).Root biomass was maximal after 6 months in N addition traps.Species preferred by herbivores(Bromus pictus and Poa ligularis)showed rapid growth and responses to N addition.Differences between harvests may be an indicative that N pulses interact with rising temperatures and soil water content as growing season progress.
基金The Bezos Earth Fund Project"Using genetic diversity to capture carbon through deep root systems in tropical soils"The Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development+1 种基金The CGIAR Initiative on Low Emissions Food SystemsLivestockPlus project。
文摘Background:There is limited knowledge on how to increase soil organic car-bon(SOC)stocks under tropical conditions.This study investigates SOC changes after converting land from native savanna(NS)to improved pasture(IP)land use.Methods:Two acidic soil conversion sites were examined:(i)a poorly drained slope with medium‐texture soil(Casanare[CAS]1)and(ii)flat terrain withfine‐texture soil(CAS2).Anotherflat site was evaluated(Atlántico[ATL]),withfine‐textured to moderately textured neutral soil.Soil samples were col-lected and analyzed.SOC stocks(0–60 cm soil depth)were estimated,with a complex analysis of variance analyzing pasture type and soil depth.Results:NS to IP conversion resulted in significant SOC accumulation in two regions,with losses in one(CAS2).ATL showed higher SOC accumulation than CAS.IP adoption led to SOC accumulation at depth(0–60 cm)after 10 years in CAS1.Elevated clay content in CAS2 favored SOC storage,while poorly drained areas hindered accumulation in CAS1.Cultivating rice before IP at CAS2 likely depleted SOC(0–20 cm),with 4 years of IP not restoring initial levels.Conclusions:Adopting IP over NS can increase SOC.Grassland type,soil properties,and land‐use change all influence SOC accumulation.These data inform sustainable land management for low‐emission livestock production.
