With the rapid development of economy,air pollution caused by industrial expansion has caused serious harm to human health and social development.Therefore,establishing an effective air pollution concentration predict...With the rapid development of economy,air pollution caused by industrial expansion has caused serious harm to human health and social development.Therefore,establishing an effective air pollution concentration prediction system is of great scientific and practical significance for accurate and reliable predictions.This paper proposes a combination of pointinterval prediction system for pollutant concentration prediction by leveraging neural network,meta-heuristic optimization algorithm,and fuzzy theory.Fuzzy information granulation technology is used in data preprocessing to transform numerical sequences into fuzzy particles for comprehensive feature extraction.The golden Jackal optimization algorithm is employed in the optimization stage to fine-tune model hyperparameters.In the prediction stage,an ensemble learning method combines training results frommultiplemodels to obtain final point predictions while also utilizing quantile regression and kernel density estimation methods for interval predictions on the test set.Experimental results demonstrate that the combined model achieves a high goodness of fit coefficient of determination(R^(2))at 99.3% and a maximum difference between prediction accuracy mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)and benchmark model at 12.6%.This suggests that the integrated learning system proposed in this paper can provide more accurate deterministic predictions as well as reliable uncertainty analysis compared to traditionalmodels,offering practical reference for air quality early warning.展开更多
Semantic segmentation provides important technical support for Land cover/land use(LCLU)research.By calculating the cosine similarity between feature vectors,transformer-based models can effectively capture the global...Semantic segmentation provides important technical support for Land cover/land use(LCLU)research.By calculating the cosine similarity between feature vectors,transformer-based models can effectively capture the global information of high-resolution remote sensing images.However,the diversity of detailed and edge features within the same class of ground objects in high-resolution remote sensing images leads to a dispersed embedding distribution.The dispersed feature distribution enlarges feature vector angles and reduces cosine similarity,weakening the attention mechanism’s ability to identify the same class of ground objects.To address this challenge,remote sensing image information granulation transformer for semantic segmentation is proposed.The model employs adaptive granulation to extract common semantic features among objects of the same class,constructing an information granule to replace the detailed feature representation of these objects.Then,the Laplacian operator of the information granule is applied to extract the edge features of the object as represented by the information granule.In the experiments,the proposed model was validated on the Beijing Land-Use(BLU),Gaofen Image Dataset(GID),and Potsdam Dataset(PD).In particular,the model achieves 88.81%for mOA,82.64%for mF1,and 71.50%for mIoU metrics on the GID dataset.Experimental results show that the model effectively handles high-resolution remote sensing images.Our code is available at https://github.com/sjmp525/RSIGT(accessed on 16 April 2025).展开更多
The so-called close-coupled gas atomization process involves melting a metal and using a high-pressure gas jet positioned close to the melt stream to rapidly break it into fine,spherical powder particles.This techniqu...The so-called close-coupled gas atomization process involves melting a metal and using a high-pressure gas jet positioned close to the melt stream to rapidly break it into fine,spherical powder particles.This technique,adapted for blast furnace slag granulation using a circular seam nozzle,typically aims to produce solid slag particles sized 30–140μm,thereby allowing the utilization of slag as a resource.This study explores the atomization dynamics of liquid blast furnace slag,focusing on the effects of atomization pressure.Primary atomization is simulated using a combination of the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method and the Shear Stress Transport k-ωturbulence model,while secondary atomization is analyzed through the Discrete Phase Model(DPM).The results reveal that primary atomization progresses in three stages:the slag column transforms into an umbrella-shaped liquid film,whose leading edge fragments into particles while forming a cavity-like structure,which is eventually torn into ligaments.This primary deformation is driven by the interplay of airflow velocity in the recirculation zone and the guide tube outlet pressure(Fp).Increasing the atomization pressure amplifies airflow velocity,recirculation zone size,expansion and shock waves,though the guide tube outlet pressure variations remain irregular.Notably,at 4.5 MPa,the primary deformation is most pronounced.Secondary atomization yields finer slag particles as a result of more vigorous primary atomization.For this pressure,the smallest average particle size and the highest yield of particles within the target range(30–140μm)are achieved.展开更多
Three UASB reactors were operated to investigate the population dynamics of anaerobic sludge granulation. It is found that the increase of bacterial population relates to the bacterial status in anaerobic food chain a...Three UASB reactors were operated to investigate the population dynamics of anaerobic sludge granulation. It is found that the increase of bacterial population relates to the bacterial status in anaerobic food chain and relates to sludge organic loading rates. In order to form granular sludge, it is necessary to have sufficient amount of different groups of bacteria in the sludge. In our experiment, the population of fermentative bacteria, propionate degraders, butyrate degraders and methanogens is about 107-8, 105-7, 105-7 and 105-7 cells/ml respectively at the appearance of granular sludge. Filamentous methanogenic bacteria are found to be the important species in sludge granulation. Based on the results obtained, a descriptive model is proposed to describe the microbial characteristics of granulation.展开更多
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage.The latter involves gl...The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage.The latter involves global alterations,making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult.One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche,the subgranular zone,and beyond neurogenesis,newly born granule cells may maintain a“young”phenotype throughout life,adding to the plastic nature of the structure.Here,we present a novel experimental model of local brain damage in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures that results in the activation of adjacent newly born granule cells.A small piece of filter paper was placed on the surface of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus,which evoked a foreign body reaction of astrocytes,along with the activation of local young neurons expressing doublecortin.Forty-eight hours after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells increased in the subgranular zone in the direct vicinity of the foreign body,whereas overall increased doublecortin immunoreactivity was observed in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.Foreign body placement in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region evoked a comparable local astroglial reaction but did not lead to an increase in doublecortin-immunoreactive in either the CA1 region or the adjacent dentate gyrus.Seven days after foreign body placement in the dentate gyrus,the increase in doublecortin-immunoreactivity was no longer observed,indicating the transient activation of young cells.However,7 days after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive granule cells coimmunoreactive for calbindin was lower than that under the control conditions.As calbindin is a marker for mature granule cells,this result suggests that activated young cells remain at a more immature stage following foreign body placement.Live imaging of retrovirally green fluorescent protein-labeled newly born granule cells revealed the orientation and growth of their dendrites toward the foreign body placement.This novel experimental model of foreign body placement in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures could serve as a valuable tool for studying both glial reactivity and neuronal plasticity,specifically of newly born neurons under controlled in vitro conditions.展开更多
Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules form...Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.展开更多
[目的]比较ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)髓芯减压多孔生物活性陶瓷棒置入是否联合磷酸三钙颗粒植入的临床疗效。[方法]2021年9月—2022年9月于本院就诊的60例(87髋)ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期ONFH患者纳入本研究,...[目的]比较ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)髓芯减压多孔生物活性陶瓷棒置入是否联合磷酸三钙颗粒植入的临床疗效。[方法]2021年9月—2022年9月于本院就诊的60例(87髋)ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期ONFH患者纳入本研究,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,其中,30例在髓芯减压后联合植入磷酸三钙颗粒和陶瓷棒(复合组),另外30例在髓芯减压后单纯置入陶瓷棒(单纯组)。比较两组围手术期、随访和影像资料。[结果]两组均顺利手术,无感染等并发症。两组的手术时间、切口长度、住院天数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),复合组的术中失血量[mL,(65.7±14.7)vs(76.6±14.7),P=0.005]、术后引流量[mL,(101.4±9.8)vs(112.6±10.4),P<0.001]显著少于单纯组,尽管复合组的平均术中透视次数显著多于单纯组(P<0.001)。两组患者术后随访24个月以上,复合组恢复完全负重时间显著早于单纯组[d,(114.8±20.4)vs(154.6±21.2),P<0.001]。两组患者的VAS评分、Harris评分、髋伸-屈ROM和髋内旋-外旋ROM均显著改善(P<0.05)。术后12、24个月时,复合组的VAS、Harris评分和内旋-外旋ROM均显著优于单纯组(P<0.05),但两组伸-屈ROM的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。截至末次随访,两组均无患者接受翻修THA。影像方面,随时间推移,两组ARCO分级、病灶面积、关节积液征像、股骨头塌陷及Tönnis分期均显著改善(P<0.05)。术后24个月时复合组的ARCO分级、关节积液征像、股骨头塌陷及Tönnis分期均显著优于单纯组(P<0.05)。[结论]ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期ONFH的治疗中磷酸三钙人工骨颗粒联合多孔生物活性陶瓷棒的临床结果优于单纯多孔生物活性陶瓷棒置入。展开更多
目的观察复方真武冲剂治疗阳虚水泛型心力衰竭的临床疗效,并探索其对心功能、心室重构及炎症因子水平的影响。方法选择2023年5月至2024年3月安徽中医药大学第一附属医院老年病中心心血管内科收治心力衰竭(阳虚水泛型)病人60例。采用随...目的观察复方真武冲剂治疗阳虚水泛型心力衰竭的临床疗效,并探索其对心功能、心室重构及炎症因子水平的影响。方法选择2023年5月至2024年3月安徽中医药大学第一附属医院老年病中心心血管内科收治心力衰竭(阳虚水泛型)病人60例。采用随机数字表法分组,对照组采用正规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服复方真武冲剂,疗程均为4周。统计两组治疗前后临床疗效,评估病人6 min步行试验的距离(6-minute walk test,6MWT),检测并比较两组病人的心功能[氨基末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)]、心室重构[左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩期末内径(LVESD)]、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)]等指标。结果经治疗后观察组心功能改善总有效率为93.3%,明显高于对照组总有效率76.7%(χ^(2)=6.05,P<0.05)。两组治疗后,观察组6MWT距离增加多于对照组[(488.97±52.65)m比(455.43±43.08)m,P<0.05],观察组NT-proBNP水平较对照组下降更明显[(106.19±26.74)ng/L比(134.38±28.10)ng/L,P<0.05],观察组LVEF提高程度优于对照组[(54.10±4.29)%比(47.50±3.81)%,P<0.05],观察组LVEDD、LVESD较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05),观察组CRP、PCT、IL-6和SAA水平均较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论复方真武冲剂联合常规西较单纯西药更好地改善阳虚水泛型心力衰竭病人心脏功能,逆转心室重构,减轻炎症反应,其机制可能与其能更好地抑制心肌细胞炎症反应有关。展开更多
基金supported by General Scientific Research Funding of the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)in Macao(No.0150/2022/A)the Faculty Research Grants of Macao University of Science and Technology(No.FRG-22-074-FIE).
文摘With the rapid development of economy,air pollution caused by industrial expansion has caused serious harm to human health and social development.Therefore,establishing an effective air pollution concentration prediction system is of great scientific and practical significance for accurate and reliable predictions.This paper proposes a combination of pointinterval prediction system for pollutant concentration prediction by leveraging neural network,meta-heuristic optimization algorithm,and fuzzy theory.Fuzzy information granulation technology is used in data preprocessing to transform numerical sequences into fuzzy particles for comprehensive feature extraction.The golden Jackal optimization algorithm is employed in the optimization stage to fine-tune model hyperparameters.In the prediction stage,an ensemble learning method combines training results frommultiplemodels to obtain final point predictions while also utilizing quantile regression and kernel density estimation methods for interval predictions on the test set.Experimental results demonstrate that the combined model achieves a high goodness of fit coefficient of determination(R^(2))at 99.3% and a maximum difference between prediction accuracy mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)and benchmark model at 12.6%.This suggests that the integrated learning system proposed in this paper can provide more accurate deterministic predictions as well as reliable uncertainty analysis compared to traditionalmodels,offering practical reference for air quality early warning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62462040)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202501AT070345)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202202AD080013)Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science Key Program on Language Intelligence Special Education(YYZN-2024-1)the Photosynthesis Fund Class A(ghfund202407010460).
文摘Semantic segmentation provides important technical support for Land cover/land use(LCLU)research.By calculating the cosine similarity between feature vectors,transformer-based models can effectively capture the global information of high-resolution remote sensing images.However,the diversity of detailed and edge features within the same class of ground objects in high-resolution remote sensing images leads to a dispersed embedding distribution.The dispersed feature distribution enlarges feature vector angles and reduces cosine similarity,weakening the attention mechanism’s ability to identify the same class of ground objects.To address this challenge,remote sensing image information granulation transformer for semantic segmentation is proposed.The model employs adaptive granulation to extract common semantic features among objects of the same class,constructing an information granule to replace the detailed feature representation of these objects.Then,the Laplacian operator of the information granule is applied to extract the edge features of the object as represented by the information granule.In the experiments,the proposed model was validated on the Beijing Land-Use(BLU),Gaofen Image Dataset(GID),and Potsdam Dataset(PD).In particular,the model achieves 88.81%for mOA,82.64%for mF1,and 71.50%for mIoU metrics on the GID dataset.Experimental results show that the model effectively handles high-resolution remote sensing images.Our code is available at https://github.com/sjmp525/RSIGT(accessed on 16 April 2025).
基金the Tangshan University Doctor Innovation Fund(Project Number:1402306).
文摘The so-called close-coupled gas atomization process involves melting a metal and using a high-pressure gas jet positioned close to the melt stream to rapidly break it into fine,spherical powder particles.This technique,adapted for blast furnace slag granulation using a circular seam nozzle,typically aims to produce solid slag particles sized 30–140μm,thereby allowing the utilization of slag as a resource.This study explores the atomization dynamics of liquid blast furnace slag,focusing on the effects of atomization pressure.Primary atomization is simulated using a combination of the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method and the Shear Stress Transport k-ωturbulence model,while secondary atomization is analyzed through the Discrete Phase Model(DPM).The results reveal that primary atomization progresses in three stages:the slag column transforms into an umbrella-shaped liquid film,whose leading edge fragments into particles while forming a cavity-like structure,which is eventually torn into ligaments.This primary deformation is driven by the interplay of airflow velocity in the recirculation zone and the guide tube outlet pressure(Fp).Increasing the atomization pressure amplifies airflow velocity,recirculation zone size,expansion and shock waves,though the guide tube outlet pressure variations remain irregular.Notably,at 4.5 MPa,the primary deformation is most pronounced.Secondary atomization yields finer slag particles as a result of more vigorous primary atomization.For this pressure,the smallest average particle size and the highest yield of particles within the target range(30–140μm)are achieved.
文摘Three UASB reactors were operated to investigate the population dynamics of anaerobic sludge granulation. It is found that the increase of bacterial population relates to the bacterial status in anaerobic food chain and relates to sludge organic loading rates. In order to form granular sludge, it is necessary to have sufficient amount of different groups of bacteria in the sludge. In our experiment, the population of fermentative bacteria, propionate degraders, butyrate degraders and methanogens is about 107-8, 105-7, 105-7 and 105-7 cells/ml respectively at the appearance of granular sludge. Filamentous methanogenic bacteria are found to be the important species in sludge granulation. Based on the results obtained, a descriptive model is proposed to describe the microbial characteristics of granulation.
基金funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftungsupported by DFG (SCH W534/6-1 to SWS)
文摘The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure that displays modifications at different levels in response to positive stimuli as well as to negative conditions such as brain damage.The latter involves global alterations,making understanding plastic responses triggered by local damage difficult.One key feature of the dentate gyrus is that it contains a well-defined neurogenic niche,the subgranular zone,and beyond neurogenesis,newly born granule cells may maintain a“young”phenotype throughout life,adding to the plastic nature of the structure.Here,we present a novel experimental model of local brain damage in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures that results in the activation of adjacent newly born granule cells.A small piece of filter paper was placed on the surface of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus,which evoked a foreign body reaction of astrocytes,along with the activation of local young neurons expressing doublecortin.Forty-eight hours after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive cells increased in the subgranular zone in the direct vicinity of the foreign body,whereas overall increased doublecortin immunoreactivity was observed in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.Foreign body placement in the pyramidal layer of the CA1 region evoked a comparable local astroglial reaction but did not lead to an increase in doublecortin-immunoreactive in either the CA1 region or the adjacent dentate gyrus.Seven days after foreign body placement in the dentate gyrus,the increase in doublecortin-immunoreactivity was no longer observed,indicating the transient activation of young cells.However,7 days after foreign body placement,the number of doublecortin-immunoreactive granule cells coimmunoreactive for calbindin was lower than that under the control conditions.As calbindin is a marker for mature granule cells,this result suggests that activated young cells remain at a more immature stage following foreign body placement.Live imaging of retrovirally green fluorescent protein-labeled newly born granule cells revealed the orientation and growth of their dendrites toward the foreign body placement.This novel experimental model of foreign body placement in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal cultures could serve as a valuable tool for studying both glial reactivity and neuronal plasticity,specifically of newly born neurons under controlled in vitro conditions.
基金supported by a grant from the Merkin Peripheral Neuropathy and Nerve Regeneration Center(to PKS)the Rutgers University Startup Fund(to PKS).
文摘Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.
文摘[目的]比较ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)髓芯减压多孔生物活性陶瓷棒置入是否联合磷酸三钙颗粒植入的临床疗效。[方法]2021年9月—2022年9月于本院就诊的60例(87髋)ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期ONFH患者纳入本研究,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,其中,30例在髓芯减压后联合植入磷酸三钙颗粒和陶瓷棒(复合组),另外30例在髓芯减压后单纯置入陶瓷棒(单纯组)。比较两组围手术期、随访和影像资料。[结果]两组均顺利手术,无感染等并发症。两组的手术时间、切口长度、住院天数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),复合组的术中失血量[mL,(65.7±14.7)vs(76.6±14.7),P=0.005]、术后引流量[mL,(101.4±9.8)vs(112.6±10.4),P<0.001]显著少于单纯组,尽管复合组的平均术中透视次数显著多于单纯组(P<0.001)。两组患者术后随访24个月以上,复合组恢复完全负重时间显著早于单纯组[d,(114.8±20.4)vs(154.6±21.2),P<0.001]。两组患者的VAS评分、Harris评分、髋伸-屈ROM和髋内旋-外旋ROM均显著改善(P<0.05)。术后12、24个月时,复合组的VAS、Harris评分和内旋-外旋ROM均显著优于单纯组(P<0.05),但两组伸-屈ROM的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。截至末次随访,两组均无患者接受翻修THA。影像方面,随时间推移,两组ARCO分级、病灶面积、关节积液征像、股骨头塌陷及Tönnis分期均显著改善(P<0.05)。术后24个月时复合组的ARCO分级、关节积液征像、股骨头塌陷及Tönnis分期均显著优于单纯组(P<0.05)。[结论]ARCOⅠ~Ⅱ期ONFH的治疗中磷酸三钙人工骨颗粒联合多孔生物活性陶瓷棒的临床结果优于单纯多孔生物活性陶瓷棒置入。
文摘目的观察复方真武冲剂治疗阳虚水泛型心力衰竭的临床疗效,并探索其对心功能、心室重构及炎症因子水平的影响。方法选择2023年5月至2024年3月安徽中医药大学第一附属医院老年病中心心血管内科收治心力衰竭(阳虚水泛型)病人60例。采用随机数字表法分组,对照组采用正规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服复方真武冲剂,疗程均为4周。统计两组治疗前后临床疗效,评估病人6 min步行试验的距离(6-minute walk test,6MWT),检测并比较两组病人的心功能[氨基末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)]、心室重构[左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩期末内径(LVESD)]、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)]等指标。结果经治疗后观察组心功能改善总有效率为93.3%,明显高于对照组总有效率76.7%(χ^(2)=6.05,P<0.05)。两组治疗后,观察组6MWT距离增加多于对照组[(488.97±52.65)m比(455.43±43.08)m,P<0.05],观察组NT-proBNP水平较对照组下降更明显[(106.19±26.74)ng/L比(134.38±28.10)ng/L,P<0.05],观察组LVEF提高程度优于对照组[(54.10±4.29)%比(47.50±3.81)%,P<0.05],观察组LVEDD、LVESD较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05),观察组CRP、PCT、IL-6和SAA水平均较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论复方真武冲剂联合常规西较单纯西药更好地改善阳虚水泛型心力衰竭病人心脏功能,逆转心室重构,减轻炎症反应,其机制可能与其能更好地抑制心肌细胞炎症反应有关。
