Regarding flowing granular media as weak transverse isotropic media, the phase velocity expressions of wave P, wave SH and wave SV were deduced, the propagation characteristics of waves in flowing granular media were ...Regarding flowing granular media as weak transverse isotropic media, the phase velocity expressions of wave P, wave SH and wave SV were deduced, the propagation characteristics of waves in flowing granular media were analyzed. The experiments show that vibration has great influence on granular fluidity. The wavefront of wave P is elliptic or closely elliptic, the wavefront of wave SH is elliptic, and the wavefront of wave SV is not elliptic. Wave propagation in the granular flowing field attenuates layer after layer. The theory and experiment both substantiate that the density difference is the key factor which leads to the attenuation of vibrating energy. In terms of characteristics of wave propagation one can deduce that vibrating waves have less influence on flowability of granules when the amplitude and frequency are small. However, when the amplitude and frequency increase gradually, the eccentricity of ellipsoid, the viscosity resistance and inner friction among granules, and shear intensity of granules decrease, and the loosening coefficient of granules increases, which shows the granules have better flowability.展开更多
Granular grippers can manipulate a wide variety of objects,but need to be pressed against the object to conform to it.If the object is placed on unstable ground,e.g.,on sand or water,this step might cause the object t...Granular grippers can manipulate a wide variety of objects,but need to be pressed against the object to conform to it.If the object is placed on unstable ground,e.g.,on sand or water,this step might cause the object to sink or move away from the gripper,hindering proper operation.We introduce a granular gripper with an integrated suction cup,where suction and jamming are controlled independently.We demonstrate the system’s robust and enhanced gripping capabilities by comparing its grasping performance with a typical granular gripper design.We show that the proposed device can grip objects that are challenging for typical granular grippers,including those placed on unstable ground,as the suction cup stabilizes the object,allowing the gripper to conform.展开更多
Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula,a traditional Chinese formula(consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,N...Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula,a traditional Chinese formula(consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and Succinum),on heart in ischemic-induced myocardial infarction(MI)rats and compare with those of Amiodarone which have been demonstrated in clinic.Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated(control),MI+Amiodarone[5 mg/(kg.d)](MI),and MI+Wenxin Granula[10 mg/(kg.d)]groups and left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each group.After left anterior descending for 12 h,standard lead II of administration electrocardiogram was recorded in order to analyze the occurrence of arrhythmia.After one month,the size of the infarct area of heart was evaluated by TTC staining method and haemodynamic function was assessed to detect the heart function.Laser scanning confocal microscope and the technique of patch clamp were used to detect the intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i)and L-type calcium current(ICa-L),respectively.Results Both Wenxin Granula[10 mg/(kg.d)]and Amiodarone[5 mg/(kg.d)]could markedly decrease the incidence of arrhythmia in heart of rats which were subjected to ischemic injury.After one month,Wenxin Granula could significantly decrease mortality to 22.22%and reduce the infarct area(P<0.05),but Amiodarone did not.The mechanism may involve that Wenxin Granula attenuated[Ca2+]i decreasing in MI rats.Additionally,Wenxin Granula could obviously ameliorate the impaired heart function of MI rats by decreasing the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increasing the attenuated maximum change velocity of left ventricular pressure in the isovolumic contraction or relaxation period.On the other hand,electrophysiological experiment results revealed that Wenxin Granula administration one month later also increased the reduced ICa-L density in rat ventricular myocytes in MI rats.The results of LSCM showed that Wenxin Granula could recover the amplitude of[Ca2+]i decreased by heart failure during long term.Conclusion Wenxin Granula could not only inhibit the incidence of arrhythmia but also decrease the mortality,which was accompanied by recovering the amplitude of[Ca2+]i.This protective effect of Wenxin Granula may partially be mediated through changing ICa-L as well as increasing[Ca2+]i.展开更多
To study the efficacy of Fuganling granula(FGL,复肝灵颗粒)in treating mouse immunological hepatic injury that was caused by Bacille Calmette Guerin(BCG)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS),a total of 60 mice were adopted,among ...To study the efficacy of Fuganling granula(FGL,复肝灵颗粒)in treating mouse immunological hepatic injury that was caused by Bacille Calmette Guerin(BCG)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS),a total of 60 mice were adopted,among which,50 mice were given intraperitoneal injection with BCG and LPS to establish an immunological liver injury model and then were randomly divided into 5 groups(10 mice/group):4 groups received treatment of FGL orally at the doses of 100 mg/kg(high-dosage),50 mg/kg(middle-dosage),25 mg/kg(low-dosage)and bifendate orally at the dose of 80 mg/kg,respectively.One group was treated with distilled water orally.The remaining 10 mice were given distilled water intraperitoneally as the normal control group.The indices of thymus,liver and spleen,and the activities of the alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the serum were detected.Compared to the normal rat,the model group’s thymus index decreased significantly.The liver index and spleen index increased significantly.The activities of serum ALT and AST increased signifi-cantly(all P<0.01).Compared to the model control group,the group treated with FGL in high-dosage,middle-dosage or low-dosage can decrease the activities of ALT and AST and the group treated with FGL in high-dosage and middle-dosage can increase the thymus index significantly(P<0.01).This experiment established the immunological liver injury model successfully and found that FGL has a remarkably protective effect on this kind of immunological hepatic injury.展开更多
目的:探讨基于肺虚络瘀病机理论中药复方颗粒剂对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)大鼠肺组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白及m RNA表达的影响。方法:120只Wistar大鼠按体质量数字表随机分为正常对照组、模型组、泼尼松组、参龙煎剂颗粒剂组,采用...目的:探讨基于肺虚络瘀病机理论中药复方颗粒剂对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)大鼠肺组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白及m RNA表达的影响。方法:120只Wistar大鼠按体质量数字表随机分为正常对照组、模型组、泼尼松组、参龙煎剂颗粒剂组,采用气管内注入博莱霉素建立IPF模型。造模后第2天起泼尼松组和参龙煎剂颗粒剂组按一定配比剂量灌胃,正常对照组和模型组每日予等容0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,1次/d。并分别于第7、14、28天取材,采用免疫组化、逆转录-聚合酶链式反应检测TGF-β1蛋白及m RNA的表达。结果:博来霉素造模后第7天,各组TGF-β1及TGF-β1 m RNA在大鼠肺组织呈广泛表达,为3个时间点表达最高,且随时间动态变化表达逐渐下降。同一时间点比较,模型组大鼠TGF-β1及TGF-β1 m RNA在肺组织表达始终高于泼尼松组和参龙煎剂颗粒剂组(P<0.01,P<0.05),表达最少的是正常对照组(P<0.01);用药干预治疗组比较,随着时间的推移,TGF-β1及TGF-β1 m RNA在大鼠肺组织呈逐渐递减趋势,28d时,参龙煎剂颗粒剂组与泼尼松组TGF-β1蛋白表达相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:参龙煎剂可能通过抑制TGF-β1蛋白和m RNA的高表达,改善肺组织损伤愈合与纤维化过程。展开更多
目的建立新生颗粒中马兜铃酸A的限量检查方法,以保证临床用药的安全性。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Phenomenex Luna C18(2)(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-3.3%醋酸(75∶25);流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:室温(25℃);检测波长:320nm...目的建立新生颗粒中马兜铃酸A的限量检查方法,以保证临床用药的安全性。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Phenomenex Luna C18(2)(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-3.3%醋酸(75∶25);流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:室温(25℃);检测波长:320nm。结果马兜铃酸A在0.1092～0.9828μg范围内线性良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为96.00%,RSD为1.43%,最低检测限为0.819ng,3批新生颗粒中均未检出马兜铃酸A。结论该方法简便,专属性强,灵敏度高,可用于新生颗粒中马兜铃酸A的限量检查。展开更多
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .5 0 0 740 34 )
文摘Regarding flowing granular media as weak transverse isotropic media, the phase velocity expressions of wave P, wave SH and wave SV were deduced, the propagation characteristics of waves in flowing granular media were analyzed. The experiments show that vibration has great influence on granular fluidity. The wavefront of wave P is elliptic or closely elliptic, the wavefront of wave SH is elliptic, and the wavefront of wave SV is not elliptic. Wave propagation in the granular flowing field attenuates layer after layer. The theory and experiment both substantiate that the density difference is the key factor which leads to the attenuation of vibrating energy. In terms of characteristics of wave propagation one can deduce that vibrating waves have less influence on flowability of granules when the amplitude and frequency are small. However, when the amplitude and frequency increase gradually, the eccentricity of ellipsoid, the viscosity resistance and inner friction among granules, and shear intensity of granules decrease, and the loosening coefficient of granules increases, which shows the granules have better flowability.
基金supported by German Science Foundation via grant 411517575 within the Priority Programme“Soft Material Robotic Systems”(SPP 2100).
文摘Granular grippers can manipulate a wide variety of objects,but need to be pressed against the object to conform to it.If the object is placed on unstable ground,e.g.,on sand or water,this step might cause the object to sink or move away from the gripper,hindering proper operation.We introduce a granular gripper with an integrated suction cup,where suction and jamming are controlled independently.We demonstrate the system’s robust and enhanced gripping capabilities by comparing its grasping performance with a typical granular gripper design.We show that the proposed device can grip objects that are challenging for typical granular grippers,including those placed on unstable ground,as the suction cup stabilizes the object,allowing the gripper to conform.
基金Key Project of Chinese National Program for Fundamental Research and Development(973 Program,2007CB512006)the Natural Science Foundation of China(30900575/30971252)New Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents of Heilongjiang Province of China(1155-NCET-010)
文摘Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula,a traditional Chinese formula(consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and Succinum),on heart in ischemic-induced myocardial infarction(MI)rats and compare with those of Amiodarone which have been demonstrated in clinic.Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated(control),MI+Amiodarone[5 mg/(kg.d)](MI),and MI+Wenxin Granula[10 mg/(kg.d)]groups and left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each group.After left anterior descending for 12 h,standard lead II of administration electrocardiogram was recorded in order to analyze the occurrence of arrhythmia.After one month,the size of the infarct area of heart was evaluated by TTC staining method and haemodynamic function was assessed to detect the heart function.Laser scanning confocal microscope and the technique of patch clamp were used to detect the intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i)and L-type calcium current(ICa-L),respectively.Results Both Wenxin Granula[10 mg/(kg.d)]and Amiodarone[5 mg/(kg.d)]could markedly decrease the incidence of arrhythmia in heart of rats which were subjected to ischemic injury.After one month,Wenxin Granula could significantly decrease mortality to 22.22%and reduce the infarct area(P<0.05),but Amiodarone did not.The mechanism may involve that Wenxin Granula attenuated[Ca2+]i decreasing in MI rats.Additionally,Wenxin Granula could obviously ameliorate the impaired heart function of MI rats by decreasing the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increasing the attenuated maximum change velocity of left ventricular pressure in the isovolumic contraction or relaxation period.On the other hand,electrophysiological experiment results revealed that Wenxin Granula administration one month later also increased the reduced ICa-L density in rat ventricular myocytes in MI rats.The results of LSCM showed that Wenxin Granula could recover the amplitude of[Ca2+]i decreased by heart failure during long term.Conclusion Wenxin Granula could not only inhibit the incidence of arrhythmia but also decrease the mortality,which was accompanied by recovering the amplitude of[Ca2+]i.This protective effect of Wenxin Granula may partially be mediated through changing ICa-L as well as increasing[Ca2+]i.
基金supported by the Key Project of the State Commission of Science and Technology of China(029010572).
文摘To study the efficacy of Fuganling granula(FGL,复肝灵颗粒)in treating mouse immunological hepatic injury that was caused by Bacille Calmette Guerin(BCG)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS),a total of 60 mice were adopted,among which,50 mice were given intraperitoneal injection with BCG and LPS to establish an immunological liver injury model and then were randomly divided into 5 groups(10 mice/group):4 groups received treatment of FGL orally at the doses of 100 mg/kg(high-dosage),50 mg/kg(middle-dosage),25 mg/kg(low-dosage)and bifendate orally at the dose of 80 mg/kg,respectively.One group was treated with distilled water orally.The remaining 10 mice were given distilled water intraperitoneally as the normal control group.The indices of thymus,liver and spleen,and the activities of the alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the serum were detected.Compared to the normal rat,the model group’s thymus index decreased significantly.The liver index and spleen index increased significantly.The activities of serum ALT and AST increased signifi-cantly(all P<0.01).Compared to the model control group,the group treated with FGL in high-dosage,middle-dosage or low-dosage can decrease the activities of ALT and AST and the group treated with FGL in high-dosage and middle-dosage can increase the thymus index significantly(P<0.01).This experiment established the immunological liver injury model successfully and found that FGL has a remarkably protective effect on this kind of immunological hepatic injury.
文摘目的:探讨基于肺虚络瘀病机理论中药复方颗粒剂对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)大鼠肺组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)蛋白及m RNA表达的影响。方法:120只Wistar大鼠按体质量数字表随机分为正常对照组、模型组、泼尼松组、参龙煎剂颗粒剂组,采用气管内注入博莱霉素建立IPF模型。造模后第2天起泼尼松组和参龙煎剂颗粒剂组按一定配比剂量灌胃,正常对照组和模型组每日予等容0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,1次/d。并分别于第7、14、28天取材,采用免疫组化、逆转录-聚合酶链式反应检测TGF-β1蛋白及m RNA的表达。结果:博来霉素造模后第7天,各组TGF-β1及TGF-β1 m RNA在大鼠肺组织呈广泛表达,为3个时间点表达最高,且随时间动态变化表达逐渐下降。同一时间点比较,模型组大鼠TGF-β1及TGF-β1 m RNA在肺组织表达始终高于泼尼松组和参龙煎剂颗粒剂组(P<0.01,P<0.05),表达最少的是正常对照组(P<0.01);用药干预治疗组比较,随着时间的推移,TGF-β1及TGF-β1 m RNA在大鼠肺组织呈逐渐递减趋势,28d时,参龙煎剂颗粒剂组与泼尼松组TGF-β1蛋白表达相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:参龙煎剂可能通过抑制TGF-β1蛋白和m RNA的高表达,改善肺组织损伤愈合与纤维化过程。
文摘目的建立新生颗粒中马兜铃酸A的限量检查方法,以保证临床用药的安全性。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Phenomenex Luna C18(2)(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-3.3%醋酸(75∶25);流速:1.0mL/min;柱温:室温(25℃);检测波长:320nm。结果马兜铃酸A在0.1092～0.9828μg范围内线性良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为96.00%,RSD为1.43%,最低检测限为0.819ng,3批新生颗粒中均未检出马兜铃酸A。结论该方法简便,专属性强,灵敏度高,可用于新生颗粒中马兜铃酸A的限量检查。
