In this study,we propose that many different thermodynamic modeling approaches,including the general equation for the non-equilibrium reversible–irreversible coupling(GENERIC),Onsager’s variational principle,the ene...In this study,we propose that many different thermodynamic modeling approaches,including the general equation for the non-equilibrium reversible–irreversible coupling(GENERIC),Onsager’s variational principle,the energetic variational approach,and classical irreversible thermodynamics,can all be cast into the gradient-conservative structure(GCS).GCS enjoys many nice mathematical properties,has close connection with the large deviations principle and gradient flows in Wasserstein space,and fulfills laws of thermodynamics.Our results demonstrate that the GCS may serve as a unified theoretical framework to model various non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205135)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010157)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2024J01212).
文摘In this study,we propose that many different thermodynamic modeling approaches,including the general equation for the non-equilibrium reversible–irreversible coupling(GENERIC),Onsager’s variational principle,the energetic variational approach,and classical irreversible thermodynamics,can all be cast into the gradient-conservative structure(GCS).GCS enjoys many nice mathematical properties,has close connection with the large deviations principle and gradient flows in Wasserstein space,and fulfills laws of thermodynamics.Our results demonstrate that the GCS may serve as a unified theoretical framework to model various non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes.
