We modeled the effect of the deformation of a Density Gradient Zone （DGZ） on a local gravity field using a cubical model and introduced a new method to simulate a complex DGZ （CDGZ）. Then, we analyzed the features...We modeled the effect of the deformation of a Density Gradient Zone （DGZ） on a local gravity field using a cubical model and introduced a new method to simulate a complex DGZ （CDGZ）. Then, we analyzed the features of the model for the influence of the deformation of the DGZ on the local gravity field. We concluded that land-based gravity is not sensitive to the thickness of the DGZ and that the magnitude of the contribution of the DGZ is one order less than that of the volume strain with the same displacement.展开更多
THE parallel strike of geochemical steep zones and geophysical gradient zones represent geochemicalboundaries with tectonic hiding and almost no magmatism, but there existed great variation of lithosphereor crustal th...THE parallel strike of geochemical steep zones and geophysical gradient zones represent geochemicalboundaries with tectonic hiding and almost no magmatism, but there existed great variation of lithosphereor crustal thickness. Tectonically, these areas were located in the foreland basins of craton margin. Thesegeochemical boundaries were usually associated with the low-temperature mineralization and petroleumgeneration. The Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic evidence indicated that there still existed strong crustal-mantle interaction through fluid activation along deep-seated faults at the craton margin. Fig. 1 is the <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup> Pb-<sup>208</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup> Pb diagram, which shows the evident crust-mantle mixing for crude oil, chloroform bitumen-A,展开更多
The Xianshuihe fault（XSHF） zone, characterized by intense tectonic activity, is located at the southwest boundary of the Bayan Har block, where several major earthquakes have occurred, including the 2008 Wenchuan an...The Xianshuihe fault（XSHF） zone, characterized by intense tectonic activity, is located at the southwest boundary of the Bayan Har block, where several major earthquakes have occurred, including the 2008 Wenchuan and the 2013 Lushan earthquakes. This study analysed underground temperature sequence data for four years at seven measuring points at different depths（maximum depth： 18.9 m） in the southeastern section of the XSHF zone. High-frequency atmospheric noise was removed from the temperature sequences to obtain relatively stable temperature fields and heat fluxes near the measurement points. Our measurements show that the surrounding bedrock at（the seven stations distributed in the fault zone） had heat flux values range from-41.0 to 206 m W/m^2, with a median value of 54.3 m W/m^2. The results indicate a low heat flux in the northern section of DaofuKangting and a relatively high heat flux in the southern section of Kangting, which is consistent with the temperature distributions of the hot springs near the fault. Furthermore, our results suggest that the heat transfer in this field results primarily from stable underground heat conduction. In addition, the underground hydrothermal activity is also an obvious factor controlling the geothermal gradient.展开更多
Through lead isotope geochemical mapping in the Yunnan-Guizhou area geochemical steep zones (GSZ) have been established, which clearly reveal the junction relationship of the Cathaysian, Yangtze and Indo-China plates....Through lead isotope geochemical mapping in the Yunnan-Guizhou area geochemical steep zones (GSZ) have been established, which clearly reveal the junction relationship of the Cathaysian, Yangtze and Indo-China plates. GSZ are closey related to gravity Moho gradient zones and lithospheric thickness. The GSZ between the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates is consistent with the Shizong-Mile tectonic belt, where island are basalts are well developed. The Yangtze-Indo-China GSZ is parallel to the Jingdong-Mojiang volcanic belt in rift-island are environments. The evidence of geology, geophysics and geochemistry all indicates that Cathaysia was subducted towards the Yangtze plate and that the Yangtze plate was underthrust beneath the Indo-China, which took place from the Early Carboniferous to the Early Triassic.展开更多
The Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone located in the northern part of the North China region is a seismotectonic zone controlling the present-day strong earthquake activities. Under the effect of regional principal com...The Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone located in the northern part of the North China region is a seismotectonic zone controlling the present-day strong earthquake activities. Under the effect of regional principal compressive stress with the direction of NEE-SWW, a series of NE-trending active tectonic zones have developed, which form a group of conjugated shear fracturing systems and control the occurrence of the present-day strong earthquakes. The feature of crustal deformation around this fault zone is studied in the paper. The long-term crustal deformation pattern from GPS measurements exhibits a relatively complete left-lateral strike-slip movement along the active fault zone. However, studies on crustal deformation by stages indicate that a series of NE-trending large-scale anomalous gradient zones have appeared along the Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone before moderately strong earthquakes. They are represented respectively by the activities of the Tangshan-Hejian, the Sanhe-Laishui and the Yanhuai-Shanxi seismotectonic zones. This may indicate the occurrence of med-term precursors to moderately strong earthquakes along Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea zone. The results in the paper show that the crustal deformation pattern before strong earthquake reveals the information of strain status in the deep seismogenic zone, while the chaotic pattern after the occurrence of strong earthquake represents the adjustment of the covering strata.展开更多
Based on the analysis of sea-bottom temperature and geothermal gradient, andby means of the phase boundary curve of gas hydrate and the sea-bottom temperature versus waterdepth curve in the South China Sea, this paper...Based on the analysis of sea-bottom temperature and geothermal gradient, andby means of the phase boundary curve of gas hydrate and the sea-bottom temperature versus waterdepth curve in the South China Sea, this paper studies the temperature and pressure conditions forgas hydrate to keep stable. In a marine environment, methane hydrate keeps stable at water depthsgreater than 550 min the South China Sea. Further, the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zonein the South China Sea was calculated by using the phase boundary curve and temperature-depthequations. The result shows that gas hydrate have a better perspective in the southeast of theDongsha Islands. the northeast of the Xisha Islands and the north of the Nansha Islands for thickerstability zones.展开更多
针对随机衰落大气光信道密钥分发中密钥生成不一致率和随机性问题提出融合梯度特征的容错带映射量化(Fault-Tolerant Zone Mapping Quantization,FTZMQ)方法和容错带映射区间交替量化(Alternating Quantization with Fault-Tolerant Int...针对随机衰落大气光信道密钥分发中密钥生成不一致率和随机性问题提出融合梯度特征的容错带映射量化(Fault-Tolerant Zone Mapping Quantization,FTZMQ)方法和容错带映射区间交替量化(Alternating Quantization with Fault-Tolerant Interval Mapping,AQ-FTIM)方法。首先利用信道测量序列与对应的梯度信息构建量化边界,并在中间边界设置左右容错带。FTZMQ方法对落入容错带且处于相反区域的合法端序列剔除。AQ-FTIM方法根据容错带映射动态调整量化区间索引减少比特跳变。结果表明:合法双方采用上述方法生成的密钥具有较高一致性。FTZMQ方法在信噪比为15 dB情况下,合法双方生成了完全一致的密钥。AQ-FTI M方法在无损条件下可将密钥不一致率降至1.2×10^(−3),相比在不进行区间交替的情况下降低了80%。最终,合法双方生成的密钥能够通过NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)测试,验证了生成密钥的有效性和安全性。展开更多
The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a fro...The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a frontal ramp with displacement gradient, and/or （3） a combination of these geometries. These geometries have been used to interpret the structures near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts （FTB）. This contribution outlines an alternative explanation that can result in the same map pattern by lateral variations in stratigraphy along the strike of a low angle thrust fault. We describe the natural example of the Leamington transverse zone, which marks the southern margin of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Oquirrh basin with genetically related lateral stratigraphic variations in the North American Sevier FTB. Thus, the observed map pattern at this zone is closely related to lateral stratigraphic variations along the strike of a horizontal fault. Even though the present-day erosional level shows the map pattern that could be interpreted as a lateral ramp, the observed structures along the Leamington zone most likely share the effects of the presence of a lateral （or oblique） ramp, lateral stratigraphic variations along the fault trace, and the displacement gradient.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Earthquake Research Project of China Earthquake Administration(201208009)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41274083)
文摘We modeled the effect of the deformation of a Density Gradient Zone （DGZ） on a local gravity field using a cubical model and introduced a new method to simulate a complex DGZ （CDGZ）. Then, we analyzed the features of the model for the influence of the deformation of the DGZ on the local gravity field. We concluded that land-based gravity is not sensitive to the thickness of the DGZ and that the magnitude of the contribution of the DGZ is one order less than that of the volume strain with the same displacement.
文摘THE parallel strike of geochemical steep zones and geophysical gradient zones represent geochemicalboundaries with tectonic hiding and almost no magmatism, but there existed great variation of lithosphereor crustal thickness. Tectonically, these areas were located in the foreland basins of craton margin. Thesegeochemical boundaries were usually associated with the low-temperature mineralization and petroleumgeneration. The Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic evidence indicated that there still existed strong crustal-mantle interaction through fluid activation along deep-seated faults at the craton margin. Fig. 1 is the <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup> Pb-<sup>208</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup> Pb diagram, which shows the evident crust-mantle mixing for crude oil, chloroform bitumen-A,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No.4147408641174084)+2 种基金the CAS/CAFEA international partnership program for creative research teams (KZZD-EW-TZ-19)funded by the Special Fund for Seismic Scientific Research (200808011,2004DIB3J1290)the State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology (LED2009A07)
文摘The Xianshuihe fault（XSHF） zone, characterized by intense tectonic activity, is located at the southwest boundary of the Bayan Har block, where several major earthquakes have occurred, including the 2008 Wenchuan and the 2013 Lushan earthquakes. This study analysed underground temperature sequence data for four years at seven measuring points at different depths（maximum depth： 18.9 m） in the southeastern section of the XSHF zone. High-frequency atmospheric noise was removed from the temperature sequences to obtain relatively stable temperature fields and heat fluxes near the measurement points. Our measurements show that the surrounding bedrock at（the seven stations distributed in the fault zone） had heat flux values range from-41.0 to 206 m W/m^2, with a median value of 54.3 m W/m^2. The results indicate a low heat flux in the northern section of DaofuKangting and a relatively high heat flux in the southern section of Kangting, which is consistent with the temperature distributions of the hot springs near the fault. Furthermore, our results suggest that the heat transfer in this field results primarily from stable underground heat conduction. In addition, the underground hydrothermal activity is also an obvious factor controlling the geothermal gradient.
基金This study was supported by the key project of Chinese Academy of Sciences KZ951-B1-413Project No.973 of the National Commission of Science and Technology(G1999043213).
文摘Through lead isotope geochemical mapping in the Yunnan-Guizhou area geochemical steep zones (GSZ) have been established, which clearly reveal the junction relationship of the Cathaysian, Yangtze and Indo-China plates. GSZ are closey related to gravity Moho gradient zones and lithospheric thickness. The GSZ between the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates is consistent with the Shizong-Mile tectonic belt, where island are basalts are well developed. The Yangtze-Indo-China GSZ is parallel to the Jingdong-Mojiang volcanic belt in rift-island are environments. The evidence of geology, geophysics and geochemistry all indicates that Cathaysia was subducted towards the Yangtze plate and that the Yangtze plate was underthrust beneath the Indo-China, which took place from the Early Carboniferous to the Early Triassic.
文摘The Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone located in the northern part of the North China region is a seismotectonic zone controlling the present-day strong earthquake activities. Under the effect of regional principal compressive stress with the direction of NEE-SWW, a series of NE-trending active tectonic zones have developed, which form a group of conjugated shear fracturing systems and control the occurrence of the present-day strong earthquakes. The feature of crustal deformation around this fault zone is studied in the paper. The long-term crustal deformation pattern from GPS measurements exhibits a relatively complete left-lateral strike-slip movement along the active fault zone. However, studies on crustal deformation by stages indicate that a series of NE-trending large-scale anomalous gradient zones have appeared along the Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone before moderately strong earthquakes. They are represented respectively by the activities of the Tangshan-Hejian, the Sanhe-Laishui and the Yanhuai-Shanxi seismotectonic zones. This may indicate the occurrence of med-term precursors to moderately strong earthquakes along Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea zone. The results in the paper show that the crustal deformation pattern before strong earthquake reveals the information of strain status in the deep seismogenic zone, while the chaotic pattern after the occurrence of strong earthquake represents the adjustment of the covering strata.
文摘Based on the analysis of sea-bottom temperature and geothermal gradient, andby means of the phase boundary curve of gas hydrate and the sea-bottom temperature versus waterdepth curve in the South China Sea, this paper studies the temperature and pressure conditions forgas hydrate to keep stable. In a marine environment, methane hydrate keeps stable at water depthsgreater than 550 min the South China Sea. Further, the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zonein the South China Sea was calculated by using the phase boundary curve and temperature-depthequations. The result shows that gas hydrate have a better perspective in the southeast of theDongsha Islands. the northeast of the Xisha Islands and the north of the Nansha Islands for thickerstability zones.
文摘针对随机衰落大气光信道密钥分发中密钥生成不一致率和随机性问题提出融合梯度特征的容错带映射量化(Fault-Tolerant Zone Mapping Quantization,FTZMQ)方法和容错带映射区间交替量化(Alternating Quantization with Fault-Tolerant Interval Mapping,AQ-FTIM)方法。首先利用信道测量序列与对应的梯度信息构建量化边界,并在中间边界设置左右容错带。FTZMQ方法对落入容错带且处于相反区域的合法端序列剔除。AQ-FTIM方法根据容错带映射动态调整量化区间索引减少比特跳变。结果表明:合法双方采用上述方法生成的密钥具有较高一致性。FTZMQ方法在信噪比为15 dB情况下,合法双方生成了完全一致的密钥。AQ-FTI M方法在无损条件下可将密钥不一致率降至1.2×10^(−3),相比在不进行区间交替的情况下降低了80%。最终,合法双方生成的密钥能够通过NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)测试,验证了生成密钥的有效性和安全性。
基金supported by MLTM of Korean Government Program 20052004 to S.Kwon
文摘The map expression of ＂abrupt＂ changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of （1） a lateral （or oblique） thrust-ramp, or （2） a frontal ramp with displacement gradient, and/or （3） a combination of these geometries. These geometries have been used to interpret the structures near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts （FTB）. This contribution outlines an alternative explanation that can result in the same map pattern by lateral variations in stratigraphy along the strike of a low angle thrust fault. We describe the natural example of the Leamington transverse zone, which marks the southern margin of the Pennsylvanian-Permian Oquirrh basin with genetically related lateral stratigraphic variations in the North American Sevier FTB. Thus, the observed map pattern at this zone is closely related to lateral stratigraphic variations along the strike of a horizontal fault. Even though the present-day erosional level shows the map pattern that could be interpreted as a lateral ramp, the observed structures along the Leamington zone most likely share the effects of the presence of a lateral （or oblique） ramp, lateral stratigraphic variations along the fault trace, and the displacement gradient.
