Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and mai...Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges.However,the representative temperatures of stayed cables are not specified in the existing design codes.To address this issue,this study investigates the distribution of the cable temperature and determinates its representative temperature.First,an experimental investigation,spanning over a period of one year,was carried out near the bridge site to obtain the temperature data.According to the statistical analysis of the measured data,it reveals that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cable cross-section without significant temperature gradient.Then,based on the limited data,the Monte Carlo,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT),and univariate linear regression(ULR)methods are employed to predict the cable’s representative temperature throughout the service life.These methods effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring data and accurately predict the representative temperature of the cables.However,each method has its own advantages and limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy.A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these methods is conducted,and practical recommendations are provided for their application.The proposed methods and representative temperatures provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.展开更多
A new high throughput heat-treatment method with a continuous temperature gradient between 600 and 700 ？C was utilized on the Ti-5553 alloy（Ti-5 Al-5 Mo-5 V-3 Cr, mass fraction, %）. The temperature gradient was ind...A new high throughput heat-treatment method with a continuous temperature gradient between 600 and 700 ？C was utilized on the Ti-5553 alloy（Ti-5 Al-5 Mo-5 V-3 Cr, mass fraction, %）. The temperature gradient was induced by the variation of the axial section of sample, which was heated by the direct current. The variation of continuous cooling rates on the treated sample was realized by using the end quenching method. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties under different heat treatment conditions were evaluated. The results show that the pseudo-spinodal decomposition of the alloy occurs at（617±1） ？C, and the size of the precipitated α phase is around 300 nm. Moreover, the highest microhardness is obtained after the heat treatment at the pseudo-spinodal decomposition temperature for 4 h. These indicate that the high throughput method is efficient and fast to determine the phase transformation temperature and corresponding microstructural evolution of alloys.展开更多
A3D finite element model(FEM)with realistic field measurements of temperature distributions is proposed to investigate the thermal stress variation in the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system.First,a brief lit...A3D finite element model(FEM)with realistic field measurements of temperature distributions is proposed to investigate the thermal stress variation in the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system.First,a brief literaturereview indicates that traditional thermal stress calculation in suspension bridges is based on the2D plane structure with simplified temperature profiles on bridges.Thus,a3D FEM is proposed for accurate stress analysis.The focus is on the incorporation of full field arbitrary temperature profile for the stress analysis.Following this,the effect of realistic temperature distribution on the structure is investigated in detail and an example using field measurements of Aizhai Bridge is integrated with the proposed3D FEM model.Parametric studies are used to illustrate the effect of different parameters on the thermal stress distribution in the bridge structure.Next,the discussion and comparison of the proposed methodology and simplified calculation method in the standard is given.The calculation difference and their potential impact on the structure are shown in detail.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations for future bridge analysis and design are given based on the proposed study.展开更多
During heat treatment or mechanical processing,most polycrystalline materials experience grain growth,which significantly affects their mechanical properties.Microstructure simulation on a mesoscopic scale is an impor...During heat treatment or mechanical processing,most polycrystalline materials experience grain growth,which significantly affects their mechanical properties.Microstructure simulation on a mesoscopic scale is an important way of studying grain growth.A key research focus of this type of method has long been how to efficiently and accurately simulate the grain growth caused by a non-uniform temperature field with temperature gradients.In this work,we propose an improved 3D Monte Carlo Potts(MCP)method to quantitatively study the relationship between non-uniform temperature fields and final grain morphologies.Properties of the aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 are used to establish a trial calculation model and to verify the algorithms with existing experimental results in literature.The detailed grain growth process of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy under different temperature fields is then obtained,and grain morphologies at various positions are analyzed.Results indicate that while absolute temperature and duration time are the primary factors determining the final grain size,the temperature gradient also has strong influence on the grain morphologies.The relationships between temperatures,temperature gradients and grain growth process have been established.The proposed MCP algorithm can be applied to different types of materials when the proper parameters are used.展开更多
Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by a FeNi C system using the temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growt...Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by a FeNi C system using the temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growth process of diamond was investigated. Effects of the symmetry of the carbon convection field around the growing diamond crystal were investigated systematically by adjusting the position of the seed crystal in the melted catalyst/solvent. The results indicate that the morphologies and metal inclusion distributions of the synthetic diamond crystals vary obviously in both symmetric and non-symmetric carbon convection fields with temperature. Moreover, the finite element method was applied to analyze the carbon convection mode of the melted catalyst/solvent around the diamond crystal. This work is helpful for understanding the growth mechanism of diamond.展开更多
Usually, it is very difficult to find out an analytical solution to thermal conduction problems during high temperature welding. Therefore, as an important numerical approach, the method of lines （MOLs） is introduce...Usually, it is very difficult to find out an analytical solution to thermal conduction problems during high temperature welding. Therefore, as an important numerical approach, the method of lines （MOLs） is introduced to solve the temperature field characterized by high gradients. The basic idea of the method is to semi-discretize the governing equation of the problem into a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） defined on discrete lines by means of the finite difference method, by which the thermal boundary condition with high gradients are directly embodied in formulation. Thus the temperature field can be obtained by solving the ODEs. As a numerical example, the variation of an axisymmetrical temperature field along the plate thickness can be obtained.展开更多
热点温度是影响金属化薄膜电容器(metallized film capacitors,MFC)绝缘寿命的重要因素之一,但由于其无法直接测量,因此通常采用热仿真分析或温度反演的方法获得。该文提出了基于共轭梯度法(conjugategradient method,CG)的热点温度反...热点温度是影响金属化薄膜电容器(metallized film capacitors,MFC)绝缘寿命的重要因素之一,但由于其无法直接测量,因此通常采用热仿真分析或温度反演的方法获得。该文提出了基于共轭梯度法(conjugategradient method,CG)的热点温度反演模型,建立了内部传热过程的温度分布目标函数,采用有限差分法求解电容器温度场,再通过CG对内部温度分布进行迭代求解。同时,通过交流温升试验校核了仿真模型以及反演模型。研究结果表明:热点温升与表面温升存在线性关系,热点温度出现在MFC中央靠近芯轴处,反演模型与仿真模型最大误差为4.35%,说明该模型可实现现场工况下的温度分布、热点分布等的有效预测。展开更多
基金Project(2017G006-N)supported by the Project of Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China Railway Corporation。
文摘Cable-stayed bridges have been widely used in high-speed railway infrastructure.The accurate determination of cable’s representative temperatures is vital during the intricate processes of design,construction,and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges.However,the representative temperatures of stayed cables are not specified in the existing design codes.To address this issue,this study investigates the distribution of the cable temperature and determinates its representative temperature.First,an experimental investigation,spanning over a period of one year,was carried out near the bridge site to obtain the temperature data.According to the statistical analysis of the measured data,it reveals that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cable cross-section without significant temperature gradient.Then,based on the limited data,the Monte Carlo,the gradient boosted regression trees(GBRT),and univariate linear regression(ULR)methods are employed to predict the cable’s representative temperature throughout the service life.These methods effectively overcome the limitations of insufficient monitoring data and accurately predict the representative temperature of the cables.However,each method has its own advantages and limitations in terms of applicability and accuracy.A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these methods is conducted,and practical recommendations are provided for their application.The proposed methods and representative temperatures provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.
基金Project(2014CB644002)supported by the National Basic Research and Development Project of ChinaProject(2015CX004)supported by the Innovation-driven Plan in Central South University,China
文摘A new high throughput heat-treatment method with a continuous temperature gradient between 600 and 700 ？C was utilized on the Ti-5553 alloy（Ti-5 Al-5 Mo-5 V-3 Cr, mass fraction, %）. The temperature gradient was induced by the variation of the axial section of sample, which was heated by the direct current. The variation of continuous cooling rates on the treated sample was realized by using the end quenching method. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties under different heat treatment conditions were evaluated. The results show that the pseudo-spinodal decomposition of the alloy occurs at（617±1） ？C, and the size of the precipitated α phase is around 300 nm. Moreover, the highest microhardness is obtained after the heat treatment at the pseudo-spinodal decomposition temperature for 4 h. These indicate that the high throughput method is efficient and fast to determine the phase transformation temperature and corresponding microstructural evolution of alloys.
基金Project(2015CB057701)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51308071)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金Project(13JJ4057)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(201408430155)supported by the Foundation of China Scholarship CouncilProject(2015319825120)supported by the Traffic Department of Applied Basic Research,ChinaProject(12K076)supported by the Open Foundation of Innovation Platform in Hunan Provincial Universities,China
文摘A3D finite element model(FEM)with realistic field measurements of temperature distributions is proposed to investigate the thermal stress variation in the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system.First,a brief literaturereview indicates that traditional thermal stress calculation in suspension bridges is based on the2D plane structure with simplified temperature profiles on bridges.Thus,a3D FEM is proposed for accurate stress analysis.The focus is on the incorporation of full field arbitrary temperature profile for the stress analysis.Following this,the effect of realistic temperature distribution on the structure is investigated in detail and an example using field measurements of Aizhai Bridge is integrated with the proposed3D FEM model.Parametric studies are used to illustrate the effect of different parameters on the thermal stress distribution in the bridge structure.Next,the discussion and comparison of the proposed methodology and simplified calculation method in the standard is given.The calculation difference and their potential impact on the structure are shown in detail.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations for future bridge analysis and design are given based on the proposed study.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(2018M641128)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0703500).
文摘During heat treatment or mechanical processing,most polycrystalline materials experience grain growth,which significantly affects their mechanical properties.Microstructure simulation on a mesoscopic scale is an important way of studying grain growth.A key research focus of this type of method has long been how to efficiently and accurately simulate the grain growth caused by a non-uniform temperature field with temperature gradients.In this work,we propose an improved 3D Monte Carlo Potts(MCP)method to quantitatively study the relationship between non-uniform temperature fields and final grain morphologies.Properties of the aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 are used to establish a trial calculation model and to verify the algorithms with existing experimental results in literature.The detailed grain growth process of the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy under different temperature fields is then obtained,and grain morphologies at various positions are analyzed.Results indicate that while absolute temperature and duration time are the primary factors determining the final grain size,the temperature gradient also has strong influence on the grain morphologies.The relationships between temperatures,temperature gradients and grain growth process have been established.The proposed MCP algorithm can be applied to different types of materials when the proper parameters are used.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50572032, 50731006, and 50801030)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51001042 and 51002045)
文摘Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by a FeNi C system using the temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growth process of diamond was investigated. Effects of the symmetry of the carbon convection field around the growing diamond crystal were investigated systematically by adjusting the position of the seed crystal in the melted catalyst/solvent. The results indicate that the morphologies and metal inclusion distributions of the synthetic diamond crystals vary obviously in both symmetric and non-symmetric carbon convection fields with temperature. Moreover, the finite element method was applied to analyze the carbon convection mode of the melted catalyst/solvent around the diamond crystal. This work is helpful for understanding the growth mechanism of diamond.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50574097 90305023)
文摘Usually, it is very difficult to find out an analytical solution to thermal conduction problems during high temperature welding. Therefore, as an important numerical approach, the method of lines （MOLs） is introduced to solve the temperature field characterized by high gradients. The basic idea of the method is to semi-discretize the governing equation of the problem into a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs） defined on discrete lines by means of the finite difference method, by which the thermal boundary condition with high gradients are directly embodied in formulation. Thus the temperature field can be obtained by solving the ODEs. As a numerical example, the variation of an axisymmetrical temperature field along the plate thickness can be obtained.
文摘热点温度是影响金属化薄膜电容器(metallized film capacitors,MFC)绝缘寿命的重要因素之一,但由于其无法直接测量,因此通常采用热仿真分析或温度反演的方法获得。该文提出了基于共轭梯度法(conjugategradient method,CG)的热点温度反演模型,建立了内部传热过程的温度分布目标函数,采用有限差分法求解电容器温度场,再通过CG对内部温度分布进行迭代求解。同时,通过交流温升试验校核了仿真模型以及反演模型。研究结果表明:热点温升与表面温升存在线性关系,热点温度出现在MFC中央靠近芯轴处,反演模型与仿真模型最大误差为4.35%,说明该模型可实现现场工况下的温度分布、热点分布等的有效预测。
