On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers'cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and ...On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers'cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers'cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers'cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.展开更多
For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government...For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.展开更多
The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture i...The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture is topical according to the domestic economic problems： insufficient financing in Russia, in the regions; degradation of production facilities; turnover acreage reduction; reduction in livestock; and according to the external economic factors： the accession to the WTO, the transition to the Common Economic Space, and subsequently, the Eurasian Economic Union, global change conditions in the global food market, an increase in the world population, increasing demand for food resources, a significant increase in food prices on world markets, the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers in the world markets of grain products; ensuring of economic stability systems, critical analysis of the tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. According to the IMF, the economic has slowed down despite the state support for agriculture should stay a priority in the government＇s economic policy, in the regions.展开更多
Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving...Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving in theChinese system, congenial weakness is inevitable, therefore, China's non-government enterprises must improvethemselves and strive to overcome congenial shortcomings. In the end, Mr Chen Qingtai appealed for anadjustment of related policies by authorities.展开更多
Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era ...Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.展开更多
The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries a...The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provision of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logistics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that government intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administrators,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant intervention programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.展开更多
On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract co...On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.展开更多
The development of farmer organization will play an important role in rural revitalization. Basic pathways of farmer organization development are excavating common interest,playing the role of farmer elite,cultivating...The development of farmer organization will play an important role in rural revitalization. Basic pathways of farmer organization development are excavating common interest,playing the role of farmer elite,cultivating modern farmers and increasing government support. But due to the influences of rural culture tradition and current management system,there exists certain difficulty to meet these conditions to different extents,which decides that benign development of farmer organization will be a long persistence process.展开更多
In modem society,flexible employment has become the important channel of improve employment.Workers who transfer into the flexible employment from regular employment easily lost the original endowment insurance rights...In modem society,flexible employment has become the important channel of improve employment.Workers who transfer into the flexible employment from regular employment easily lost the original endowment insurance rights and interests,which increase the cost of laborer to flexible employment and impede the development of flexible employment.The establishment of the endowment insurance system of flexible employment can eliminate the apprehension of supporting themselves and enjoy in old age well.展开更多
AIB of MMI said recently according to the Industrial Policy of Motor Industry, those enterprises (groups) of motor vehicles, motorcycles and parts & components with independent R&D capabilities, the considerab...AIB of MMI said recently according to the Industrial Policy of Motor Industry, those enterprises (groups) of motor vehicles, motorcycles and parts & components with independent R&D capabilities, the considerable production capacities and marketshares will be strongly supported by the Chinese Government to achieve the production with economic scale in the future.展开更多
The sixth-term government of the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) was sworn in on December 20,2024,at the meeting celebrating the 25th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland,reflecting the princi...The sixth-term government of the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) was sworn in on December 20,2024,at the meeting celebrating the 25th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland,reflecting the principle of"patriots governing Macao.""President Xi Jinping stressed the long-term adherence to'one country,two systems'during the ceremony.This policy is the cornerstone of Macao's development in a complex global environment,"said Lao Ngai Leong,head of the Macao delegation to the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) and member of the new Executive Council of the Macao SAR,after taking the oath of office.He expressed his optimism that with the unwavering support of the central government,Macao is poised to achieve even greater success.展开更多
Seen as a solution to global net zero goals,as well as an efficient and cheap way to heat and cool buildings,heat pumps are expected to be a crucial technology.But as uptake is slower than expected,the industry says m...Seen as a solution to global net zero goals,as well as an efficient and cheap way to heat and cool buildings,heat pumps are expected to be a crucial technology.But as uptake is slower than expected,the industry says more government support is needed,as well as technological breakthroughs.展开更多
Despite the growing body of literature on innovation studies,there remains a paucity of research examining the role of government support and air quality perception when investigating the drivers of green innovation w...Despite the growing body of literature on innovation studies,there remains a paucity of research examining the role of government support and air quality perception when investigating the drivers of green innovation within the manufacturing industry in emerging economies.This article introduces technological opportunism as an antecedent of green innovation adoption and examines government support and air quality as moderators.It considers the relationships between green innovation and cost performance,supplier trust,government legitimacy and public reputation.By analyzing both cross-sectional and longitudinal data,the results reveal that technological opportunism significantly contributes to green innovation adoption,with government support amplifying this effect.The interaction effect of air quality,however,presented contrasting results.While technology-sensing capability positively influences green innovation in low-pollution contexts,its effect diminishes in high-pollution scenarios.Conversely,technology-response capability has an insignificant positive effect on green innovation when air pollution is low but a significant positive effect when air pollution is high.The longitudinal study further corroborates that green innovation adoption enhances corporate image and reduces operational costs over time.This study provides empirical evidence for policymakers and practitioners aiming to embrace sustainable practices and innovations.展开更多
Once dwindling,the ancient art of Tibetan Opera is now reaching new stages of development thanks to greater government and audience support Tenzin Yeshe believes he was a Tibetan Opera performer in a previous life.
NTRODUCTIONHospice care is a type of care and a philosophy of care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill or a seriously ill patient＆#39;s pain and symptoms,and attends to their emotional and spiritual ne...NTRODUCTIONHospice care is a type of care and a philosophy of care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill or a seriously ill patient＆#39;s pain and symptoms,and attends to their emotional and spiritual needs.[1] Taiwan scholar Xie Mei introduced the concept of hospice care to the mainland of China in 1982 and the practice of hospice care in the mainland of China began then.[2] Tianjin Medical University had set up the Institute of Hospice Care.[3] Major state-owned hospitals have established hospice wards.There are also some hospice agencies set up through private fund raising.However,after all these years of development,the supply of the hospice care service in our country is still much less than the demand,between which the gap is big.There are three main reasons causing the gap.The details are as follow.展开更多
The Chinese Government is committed to forest certification as a market-based instrument to promote sustainable forest management. Forest certification includes a number of regulations, rules and policy paradigms rela...The Chinese Government is committed to forest certification as a market-based instrument to promote sustainable forest management. Forest certification includes a number of regulations, rules and policy paradigms related to certification and there are numerous challenges facing the uptake of forest certification in China. In particular, the ban on commercial logging in natural forests implemented by the Natural Forest Protection Program has resulted in little demand for forest certification of natural forest management units. However,there are also certification opportunities, such as the certification of non-timber forest products that benefit local communities who depend on forests for the goods and services they provide. This paper provides an overview of progress in forest certification in China, including its development history, organizational structure, scheme documents, certification scopes and standards, accreditation, certification bodies and auditors, and certification logos. The paper also focuses on government support for the supervision and management of forest certification through policy incentives, including the potential government procurement and subsidy policies for certified forest products. Finally, the paper analyzes certified non-timber forest products as an example of the value of certification to promote sustainable forest management and how the concept of forest certification can be used to add value to forests and ensure they are responsibly and sustainably managed. In general, forest certification in China has a clear role in sustainable forest management, both for timber and non-timber forest products.展开更多
The Necessity of Increased Government Support for Science,The Necessity for Increasing the Prestige of Chinese Science,The Necessity for Finding Political Leaders with an Understanding of the Function and Importance o...The Necessity of Increased Government Support for Science,The Necessity for Increasing the Prestige of Chinese Science,The Necessity for Finding Political Leaders with an Understanding of the Function and Importance of Science in the National Welfare,A Special Ministry for Science and Technology,The Ministry of Education and the Overseas Study Programme,Scientific Societies and Other Organisations,Industrial Organisations and Industrial Welfare,Wartime Science of China and Britain in Retrospect,International Scientific Relations.展开更多
基金Supported by Xi'an Social Science Fund(2010240)New Century Excellent Talents(NCET-05-0859)
文摘On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers'cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers'cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers'cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.
文摘For this research,we examined the influence of access to domestic and international financing on sustainability performance with a mediating role of innovative performance and a moderating role of access to government support.Data were collected from 317 small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)through structured questionnaires.The results indicated that access to domestic and international financing significantly contributes to sustainability and innovative performances.Accordingly,we found a partial mediating role of innovative performance between access to domestic financing and sustainability performance as well as between access to international financing and sustainability performance.Access to government support significantly moderates the relationship between access to domestic finances and innovative performance as well as between access to international finances and innovative performance.Practitioners and policymakers should encourage national and international financial institutions and banks to facilitate SMEs by lending them funds for innovative activities and sustainability performance.Moreover,the government should support SMEs,so that they can contribute to economic growth and the gross domestic product.The implications from these matters will be further discussed in this paper.
文摘The state support of the agriculture is increasing with the globalization of Russia, the need to shape level and instruments in accordance with the WTO requirements. For Russia, rational state support of agriculture is topical according to the domestic economic problems： insufficient financing in Russia, in the regions; degradation of production facilities; turnover acreage reduction; reduction in livestock; and according to the external economic factors： the accession to the WTO, the transition to the Common Economic Space, and subsequently, the Eurasian Economic Union, global change conditions in the global food market, an increase in the world population, increasing demand for food resources, a significant increase in food prices on world markets, the increased activity of Russian agricultural producers in the world markets of grain products; ensuring of economic stability systems, critical analysis of the tools and the effectiveness of economic policy. According to the IMF, the economic has slowed down despite the state support for agriculture should stay a priority in the government＇s economic policy, in the regions.
文摘Director of the R & D center of the State Council, Mr Chen Qingtai affirmed, in his recent report, that China'snon-government enterprises can sufficiently Promote our economic growth, in view of their thriving in theChinese system, congenial weakness is inevitable, therefore, China's non-government enterprises must improvethemselves and strive to overcome congenial shortcomings. In the end, Mr Chen Qingtai appealed for anadjustment of related policies by authorities.
基金funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany
文摘Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.
文摘The small and medium enterprise firms are renowned for improving the nation’s economy through the provision of job opportunities for its populace,improving the financial and investment status of the countries and provision of innovative products that meets the need of the people.SMEs are key players in the economy,through sustainable development goals(SDGs)enabling them to thrive in the open business environment and actively applying the digital transformation,promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization should be the core of any country government.This research is designed to explore the influence of government intervention and support on enterprise performance and growth in five business sectors-Hospitality,Education,Health care,Bottled Water Production and Transport and Logistics organizations.The research paper had a descriptive research design with a randomly selected sample size of one hundred and ninety-seven respondents.The research hypotheses were tested using(Factor Analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis)with Statistical Packages for Social Science(SPSS)version 25.The results of the study reveal that government intervention policies and intervention programmes when instituted will promote the growth of business firms in Nigeria.Also identified are relevant recommendations that serve as motivation for policy administrators,entrepreneurs,and business managers to ensure that relevant intervention programme is adopted to boost performance and growth of the SME sector in Nigeria.
基金Supported by Social Science Planning Foundation of Xi'an City(2010240)New Century Excellent Talents Support Program(NCET-05-0859)
文摘On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.
文摘The development of farmer organization will play an important role in rural revitalization. Basic pathways of farmer organization development are excavating common interest,playing the role of farmer elite,cultivating modern farmers and increasing government support. But due to the influences of rural culture tradition and current management system,there exists certain difficulty to meet these conditions to different extents,which decides that benign development of farmer organization will be a long persistence process.
文摘In modem society,flexible employment has become the important channel of improve employment.Workers who transfer into the flexible employment from regular employment easily lost the original endowment insurance rights and interests,which increase the cost of laborer to flexible employment and impede the development of flexible employment.The establishment of the endowment insurance system of flexible employment can eliminate the apprehension of supporting themselves and enjoy in old age well.
文摘AIB of MMI said recently according to the Industrial Policy of Motor Industry, those enterprises (groups) of motor vehicles, motorcycles and parts & components with independent R&D capabilities, the considerable production capacities and marketshares will be strongly supported by the Chinese Government to achieve the production with economic scale in the future.
文摘The sixth-term government of the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) was sworn in on December 20,2024,at the meeting celebrating the 25th anniversary of Macao's return to the motherland,reflecting the principle of"patriots governing Macao.""President Xi Jinping stressed the long-term adherence to'one country,two systems'during the ceremony.This policy is the cornerstone of Macao's development in a complex global environment,"said Lao Ngai Leong,head of the Macao delegation to the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) and member of the new Executive Council of the Macao SAR,after taking the oath of office.He expressed his optimism that with the unwavering support of the central government,Macao is poised to achieve even greater success.
文摘Seen as a solution to global net zero goals,as well as an efficient and cheap way to heat and cool buildings,heat pumps are expected to be a crucial technology.But as uptake is slower than expected,the industry says more government support is needed,as well as technological breakthroughs.
基金supported by the Strategic Research Grant of City University of Hong Kong,project number 7005395.
文摘Despite the growing body of literature on innovation studies,there remains a paucity of research examining the role of government support and air quality perception when investigating the drivers of green innovation within the manufacturing industry in emerging economies.This article introduces technological opportunism as an antecedent of green innovation adoption and examines government support and air quality as moderators.It considers the relationships between green innovation and cost performance,supplier trust,government legitimacy and public reputation.By analyzing both cross-sectional and longitudinal data,the results reveal that technological opportunism significantly contributes to green innovation adoption,with government support amplifying this effect.The interaction effect of air quality,however,presented contrasting results.While technology-sensing capability positively influences green innovation in low-pollution contexts,its effect diminishes in high-pollution scenarios.Conversely,technology-response capability has an insignificant positive effect on green innovation when air pollution is low but a significant positive effect when air pollution is high.The longitudinal study further corroborates that green innovation adoption enhances corporate image and reduces operational costs over time.This study provides empirical evidence for policymakers and practitioners aiming to embrace sustainable practices and innovations.
文摘Once dwindling,the ancient art of Tibetan Opera is now reaching new stages of development thanks to greater government and audience support Tenzin Yeshe believes he was a Tibetan Opera performer in a previous life.
文摘NTRODUCTIONHospice care is a type of care and a philosophy of care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill or a seriously ill patient＆#39;s pain and symptoms,and attends to their emotional and spiritual needs.[1] Taiwan scholar Xie Mei introduced the concept of hospice care to the mainland of China in 1982 and the practice of hospice care in the mainland of China began then.[2] Tianjin Medical University had set up the Institute of Hospice Care.[3] Major state-owned hospitals have established hospice wards.There are also some hospice agencies set up through private fund raising.However,after all these years of development,the supply of the hospice care service in our country is still much less than the demand,between which the gap is big.There are three main reasons causing the gap.The details are as follow.
基金supported by forest certification related projects by the Science and Technology Development Center of the State Forestry Administration
文摘The Chinese Government is committed to forest certification as a market-based instrument to promote sustainable forest management. Forest certification includes a number of regulations, rules and policy paradigms related to certification and there are numerous challenges facing the uptake of forest certification in China. In particular, the ban on commercial logging in natural forests implemented by the Natural Forest Protection Program has resulted in little demand for forest certification of natural forest management units. However,there are also certification opportunities, such as the certification of non-timber forest products that benefit local communities who depend on forests for the goods and services they provide. This paper provides an overview of progress in forest certification in China, including its development history, organizational structure, scheme documents, certification scopes and standards, accreditation, certification bodies and auditors, and certification logos. The paper also focuses on government support for the supervision and management of forest certification through policy incentives, including the potential government procurement and subsidy policies for certified forest products. Finally, the paper analyzes certified non-timber forest products as an example of the value of certification to promote sustainable forest management and how the concept of forest certification can be used to add value to forests and ensure they are responsibly and sustainably managed. In general, forest certification in China has a clear role in sustainable forest management, both for timber and non-timber forest products.
文摘The Necessity of Increased Government Support for Science,The Necessity for Increasing the Prestige of Chinese Science,The Necessity for Finding Political Leaders with an Understanding of the Function and Importance of Science in the National Welfare,A Special Ministry for Science and Technology,The Ministry of Education and the Overseas Study Programme,Scientific Societies and Other Organisations,Industrial Organisations and Industrial Welfare,Wartime Science of China and Britain in Retrospect,International Scientific Relations.
