Based on the background of China's emerging and transitional market,government subsidies to enterprises are regarded as a " helping hand" of promoting economic structural adjustment. In this paper,using ...Based on the background of China's emerging and transitional market,government subsidies to enterprises are regarded as a " helping hand" of promoting economic structural adjustment. In this paper,using China's A-share agricultural listed companies from 2010 to 2015 as research samples,we discuss the influence of government subsidies on research and development( hereinafter referred to as R & D) investment,and the difference in the relationships between the two from the perspective of different nature of property rights. The results show that,on the whole,the increase in government subsidies does not promote the intensity of R & D investment of agricultural listed companies. And after distinguishing the nature of property rights,the results show that state-owned enterprises can get more government subsidies than private enterprises,and the increase in government subsidies boosts the increase in R & D investment in private enterprises,but there is a negative correlation between government subsidies and R & D investment of state-owned enterprises. This conclusion can broaden the research perspective of the influence factors of corporate R & D investment,and it is of practical significance to further clarify the role of government subsidies in R & D investment decisions of enterprises with different nature of property rights.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of imbalance resource allocation and service income in the elderly care service industry,this article establishes three service income models in different situations for a single provider...In order to solve the problem of imbalance resource allocation and service income in the elderly care service industry,this article establishes three service income models in different situations for a single provider and a single integrator while considering the quality as well as government subsidies.The results showed that government subsidies can significantly improve quality efforts and service income with a mutual restriction between quality and service income.Government subsidies would have an impact on the quality,and they are more conducive to the service income of providers.When government subsidies are less than 80% of the service income,the incentive effect is better.展开更多
The development of the new energy vehicle industry has become a key force driving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.To better guide future strategies,this study investigates the dual impact of subsidy...The development of the new energy vehicle industry has become a key force driving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.To better guide future strategies,this study investigates the dual impact of subsidy and dual-integral policies on the performance of new energy vehicle enterprises.This study first theorizes the influential mechanism according to the institutional-based approach and technical innovation theory,and then collects data from listed companies in the new energy vehicle industry from 2016 to 2020.The hypotheses are examined using a two-way fixed-effects model.The findings show that:(1)subsidy policies are can still improve enterprise performance,but not through green technology innovation;(2)the dual-credit policy can improve enterprise performance through green technology innovation;and(3)under current policy conditions,with subsidies declining annually,the interaction effects between the subsidy and dual-integral policies will also decrease.Thus,this study suggests that non-monetary industrial policy,represented by the dual credit policy is a more effective alternative to government subsidies.展开更多
With the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,China has posited the direction of“new infrastructure”in 2020.As one of the seven major industries of the“new infrastruct...With the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,China has posited the direction of“new infrastructure”in 2020.As one of the seven major industries of the“new infrastructure”,the charging infrastructure(CI)industry not only supports the upgrade of the new energy vehicle industry but also provides developing platforms for emerging industries,such as wireless charging,energy storage,smart microgrid,and new energy consumption.Therefore,the government’s supporting role is crucial for the CI industry.To effectively explore the effectiveness of government’s subsidy policy in the CI industry and promote its healthy development,we employed a game model and discussed the government's evolution process of different game strategies between CI and battery-swapping station(BSS)operators in this study.First,China's government subsidies for the electric vehicle(EV)industry were classified into CIs and BSSs.The subsidies obtained by the CI operators were operating subsidies,whereas those obtained by BSSs were investment subsidies.Second,a game model was constructed,involving the government,operators,and users.The model used backward induction to seek the refined Nash equilibrium solution for CIs and BSS operators.The Nash equilibrium solution indicated that the optimal investment amount and BSS quantity of the operator were positively correlated with the government subsidy intensity.When the profitability of the operators increased and the amount of the subsidies increased,consumers’willingness to use EVs increased and the policy effects were closely related to the benefits of government management.The decisions made by either the users or the operators were inversely related to the operators’management efficiency.Besides,the subsidy policy was affected by the government management.Therefore,in the implementation stage of the government’s future subsidy policies,the government needs to innovate and improve management effectiveness.The government could use subsidy policies as a driving force for developing the CI industry to build a comprehensive ecosystem of the industry,which is also the next key point for the government to promote the development of the CI industry in the future.展开更多
Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for the de...Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for the development of policies related to R&D funding input.Methods Granger causality test was performed using the data of relevant indicators in different sub industries of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 1995 to 2019 based on the theory of covariance.Results and Conclusion The funding of R&D from the government had a significant positive effect on their R&D funding inputs to enterprises with chemo products,Chinese patent products,and biological products.It means the improvement of government funding was beneficial in promoting the R&D investment from various sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.The order of this influence was biological products,chemo products,and Chinese patent drugs.As to chemical drugs and biological products,the government’s R&D funding and enterprises R&D funding input showed a good trend of mutual promotion in a certain lag period.The government can fully leverage its funding to promote the investment of all sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.Meanwhile,regulatory mechanisms should be refined for government funding.For the inheritance,innovation,and development of traditional Chinese medicine,the government should give more policy support than financial support.展开更多
The optimization of government subsidies to enhance the efficiency of coal companies’green transformation constitutes a critical component in the pursuit of global sustainability.We investigate the influence mechanis...The optimization of government subsidies to enhance the efficiency of coal companies’green transformation constitutes a critical component in the pursuit of global sustainability.We investigate the influence mechanism of government subsidies on the green transformation using data from the listed coal companies in China from 2007 to 2022.According to our findings and hypothesis testing,previous government subsidies did not have a significant direct impact on coal companies’green transformation.Nevertheless,government subsidies can help coal companies transition to greener practices by promoting innovative green initiatives.Furthermore,we confirmed an indirect route:that government subsidies enable the adoption of low-carbon initiatives,which in turn could facilitate the transition of coal companies towards green practices.In addition,we discovered that the coal company’s digitization will improve this indirect route.Thus,we propose increasing the effectiveness of government subsidies in facilitating coal companies’transition to green practices by focusing on technological advancements and enhancing company digitalization.展开更多
With the continuous development of Chinas rural revitalization strategy, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are being paid more and more attention by the country. As an important part of agriculture,...With the continuous development of Chinas rural revitalization strategy, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are being paid more and more attention by the country. As an important part of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, agricultural insurance is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy. By discussing the development history of agricultural insurance, China shows the continuous development of agricultural insurance. The development status of agricultural insurance in China is under the strong support of agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance mainly has the government, the insurance company and the farmer three main bodies. With the help of game principle, the positive correlation between government utility and the purchase intention of farmers and the product of agricultural insurance business opened by insurance companies, between enterprise utility and government subsidies, and farmers purchase willingness is proportional to the benefits brought by government subsidies and the purchase of agricultural insurance. This paper holds that the government should vigorously develop agricultural insurance through financial subsidies, which can promote the development of our national economy on the whole. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for some problems existing in the current agricultural insurance.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research...The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research results on flexible employment personnel and analyzing and interpreting the urban-rural residents'pension insurance policy of Zhuhai,we take the flexible employment personnel of Zhuhai City as the object of the study,combined with questionnaire survey method,and analyze the difficulties of the flexible employment personnel's participation in the insurance by analyzing the collected data,and find out that Zhuhai's flexibly employed people have cognitive bias towards urban and rural residents'pension insurance,the government's business personnel have a vague understanding of the insurance,and some of the flexibly employed people think that the subsidy is low,etc.The government of Zhuhai City has provided the suggestions of expanding the scope of the publicity of the urban and rural residents'pension insurance,increasing publicity efforts,and providing regular training for the counterpart service personnel in order to increase the rate of the flexibly employed people's participation in the insurance,and improve the inherent bad impression of the insurance by the flexibly employed people.personnel's inherent bad impression of insurance,and further improve China's insurance system.展开更多
To improve the quality of fresh agricultural products,the Chinese government provides financial subsidies to farmers for constructing refrigerated storage facilities.Our study examines a dual-channel fresh agricultura...To improve the quality of fresh agricultural products,the Chinese government provides financial subsidies to farmers for constructing refrigerated storage facilities.Our study examines a dual-channel fresh agricultural product(FAP)supply chain composed of a farmer and a retailer.Within this framework,we have developed decision models for decentralized and centralized scenarios,compared the optimal solutions with and without government subsidies,and proposed a contract mechanism to coordinate the decentralized supply chain.Our findings indicate that in the decentralized scenario if the cost coefficient for maintaining freshness exceeds a certain threshold,the retailer’s online and offline prices may surpass those in centralized scenarios.Government subsidies not only enhance product freshness but also increase retail prices and overall supply chain profitability.Additionally,the revenue and cost-sharing contract could effectively coordinate the supply chain to achieve optimal performance as seen in centralized scenarios.These insights provide valuable guidance for farmers and retailers making optimal decisions with or without government support.展开更多
This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air polluti...This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air pollution from road sector. At the early stage, Korean goverrmaent established various supporting policy systems to encourage public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses as a means to replace diesel buses. It was evaluated as very successful with making net economic benefit of CNG bus promotion policy. During the 2nd stage, Korean government implemented CNG hybrid bus promotion policy to further reduce both air pollution and greenhouse gas. Now, a new social demand for the vehicles is zero-emission vehicles. The author asserts that current FCEV （fuel cell electric vehicle） should be considered as an alternative to zero-emission vehicles in Korea and suggests policy recommendation for the promotion of FCEV by referring the current CNG bus promotion policy in public transportation sector.展开更多
Engineering machinery manufacturing and remanufacturing are significant sources of greenhouse gases.In the context of emission reduction and resource recovery,the authors analyze the impact of current carbon quota all...Engineering machinery manufacturing and remanufacturing are significant sources of greenhouse gases.In the context of emission reduction and resource recovery,the authors analyze the impact of current carbon quota allocations and government subsidies policies on manufacturers' profits and recovery rates in a closed-loop supply chain.A simplified model consists of two manufacturers,one retailer and a third-party recycler.The study found that carbon quotas and government subsidies can both promote the improvement of recovery rates under certain conditions,and have similar effects in regulating interest distribution between manufacturers.The combination of the two methods can effectively realize the targets of recycling and carbon emissions reduction.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a single-period model comprised of an original manufacturer （OM） who produces only new products and a remanufacturer who collects used products from consumers and produces remanufactured p...In this paper, we consider a single-period model comprised of an original manufacturer （OM） who produces only new products and a remanufacturer who collects used products from consumers and produces remanufactured products. The OM and the remanufacturer compete in the product market. We examine the effects of government subsidy as a means to promote remanufacturing activity. In particularly, we consider three subsidy options： subsidy to remanufacturer, subsidy to consumers, and subsidy shared by remanufacturer and consumers. We find that the introduction of government subsidy on remanufacturer or consumers always increases remanufacturing activity. We also find that subsidy to remanufacturer is the best subsidy option, because subsidy to remanufacturer results in lower price of remanufactttred products, thus leading to higher consumer surplus.展开更多
Based on the evolutionary game approach,this paper analyzes how the automaker makes rational production decisions under the influence of the government and consumers.A tripartite evolutionary game model of“government...Based on the evolutionary game approach,this paper analyzes how the automaker makes rational production decisions under the influence of the government and consumers.A tripartite evolutionary game model of“government-automaker-consumer”is established to explore the interactions under the condition of bounded rationality.The study shows that:1)The increase of credit price and credit ratio will promote the diffusion of new energy vehicles(NEVs).2)The cost premium of NEVs and the shrinking market will slow the spread of NEVs to some extent but will not prevent NEVs from becoming a trend in the automobile industry.However,the cost premium of fuel vehicles(FVs)will accelerate the development of the NEV industry.3)Government subsidies can promote the development of NEV industry to some extent,but they are not always effective.The government can simultaneously implement subsidies for automakers and consumers in the early stages,and choose to implement the subsidy only for consumers in the medium term.Additionally,there is no need to implement the subsidy policy at a later stage.展开更多
With strong government advocacy and encouragement,many manufacturers hope to enter the remanufacturing market.Manufacturers who have entered the remanufacturing market hope to increase their profits through effective ...With strong government advocacy and encouragement,many manufacturers hope to enter the remanufacturing market.Manufacturers who have entered the remanufacturing market hope to increase their profits through effective decision-making.Using game-theoretic models,this study investigates manufacturers’conditions for introducing remanufactured products and the production decisions after the introduction by constructing a consumer utility model.Our study demonstrates that manufacturers’decision-making method directly affects their decision to introduce remanufactured products.If a manufacturer plans to introduce remanufactured products,they should adopt a centralized decision-making method for the two products.Under this decision-making method,when the ratio of the government subsidy to the cost of new products is not too large or too small,the manufacturer can introduce remanufactured products.Additionally,the range of the ratio of the government subsidy to the cost of new products is related to the difference between the ratio of the cost of remanufactured products to that of new products and the substitutability of the remanufactured products.Therefore,when formulating a subsidy,the government should control it within a reasonable range and formulate differentiated subsidy strategies based on different enterprises’specific conditions to give full play to the benefits of the government subsidy.Moreover,after the manufacturer has introduced remanufactured products,the consumer surplus and manufacturer’s profit increase with the government subsidy.However,social welfare increases only when the government subsidy is within a reasonable range.Furthermore,compared with subsidizing consumers,it is found that subsidizing the manufacturer does not affect their profit,the consumer surplus,and social welfare;however,the range within which the manufacturer can introduce remanufactured products narrows.展开更多
This paper investigates whether zombie firms demonstrate a tendency to invest in the financial sector,a practice we term financialization strategy.Unlike those in the United States,Japan,and Europe,we find that zombie...This paper investigates whether zombie firms demonstrate a tendency to invest in the financial sector,a practice we term financialization strategy.Unlike those in the United States,Japan,and Europe,we find that zombie firms in China are not necessarily small and that they rely heavily on government subsidies in addition to bank loans for survival.In addition,we document that zombie firms in China experience limited investment opportunities in their core businesses.This combination of readily available funding and limited investment opportunities jointly motivate the financialization of firms with zombie status.We further find that financialization is preferred by non-state-owned firms and by those located in regions with less developed markets.Finally,we suggest that a contagion effect can occur in terms of financialization in provinces that have a high percentage of zombie firms.This research sheds light on the effects of a triangular relationship among firms,government agencies,and financial institutions on both the operations of individual firms and overall market efficiency.展开更多
This study evaluates the quality of accounting information provided by Chinese multinational corporations(MNCs)in relation to the issue of earnings management.Using a combined dataset of outward foreign direct investm...This study evaluates the quality of accounting information provided by Chinese multinational corporations(MNCs)in relation to the issue of earnings management.Using a combined dataset of outward foreign direct investment and financial statements by Chinese firms publicly listed on A-share markets between 2012 and 2017,we investigate whether Chinese MNCs are more inclined to manage earnings.We discover that these firms exhibited significant earnings management behavior and typically adjusted their earnings downward.We demonstrate that these effects were more pronounced among private MNCs than state-owned firms,and in host countries with weaker institutional quality.Further research reveals that after delaying the confirmation of current earnings,Chinese MNCs received higher government subsidies,and this pattern was particularly prevalent among private MNCs.We find no evidence that Chinese MNCs manipulated earnings to avoid paying taxes.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic.We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-section...This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic.We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms,obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey.The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment,such as the tax rate,serve as significant obstacles to firms’product innovations.The results also confirm that international technological linkagesdmeasured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licensesdaffect technological innovations.Moreover,we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors;contrarily,we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership.Process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions.Finally,business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector.Our findings have salient implications for firm managers,policymakers,and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.展开更多
The continuous growth in energy demand,shortage of fossil fuels,and global climate change have raised significant attention towards renewable energy.In this paper,firstly,a three-echelon biomass-to-bioenergy supply ch...The continuous growth in energy demand,shortage of fossil fuels,and global climate change have raised significant attention towards renewable energy.In this paper,firstly,a three-echelon biomass-to-bioenergy supply chain composed of a farmer,collection station and power generation enterprise is developed.Secondly,the optimal decisions for four scenarios are investigated,namely,a decentralized decision-making model,a collaborative decision-making model between the farmer and the collection station,a collaborative decision-making model between the collection station and the power generation enterprise,and a centralized decision-making model.Thirdly,the average tree solution method of cooperative game theory is used to allocate the supply chain profits.Finally,numerical analysis is conducted by taking one biomass energy company as an example to support the results.Our research finds that:1)In a centralized decision-making scenario,the individual and overall revenues are maximized.2)For the collection station,allying with the power generation enterprise is more beneficial than allying with the farmer.3)For the power generation enterprise,forming an alliance with the collection station is greater than decision-making independently.展开更多
Following the significant coastal changes caused by Hurricane Sandy in 2012,engineered berm-dunes were constructed along the New Jersey coastline to enhance protection from future storms.Following construction,propert...Following the significant coastal changes caused by Hurricane Sandy in 2012,engineered berm-dunes were constructed along the New Jersey coastline to enhance protection from future storms.Following construction,property values on Long Beach Island,NJ,increased in three beachfront communities.The projects were financed entirely through federal disaster assistance,but the percentage of future maintenance costs must be covered by local communities.Whether communities are willing or capable of financially contributing to maintenance remains unclear because(i)some homeowners prefer ocean views over the protection afforded by the berm-dune structures,and(ii)stakeholder risk perceptions can change over time.To investigate the relationships between berm-dune geometries,values of coastal protection,and ocean view values,we developed a geoeconomic model of the natural and anthropogenic processes that shape beach and dune morphology.The model results suggest that coastal communities may exhibit significant differences in their capabilities to maintain engineered dunes depending on stakeholder wealth and risk perception.In particular,communities with strong preferences for ocean views are less likely to maintain large-scale berm-dune structures over the long term.If these structures are abandoned,the vulnerability of the coast to future storms will increase.展开更多
文摘Based on the background of China's emerging and transitional market,government subsidies to enterprises are regarded as a " helping hand" of promoting economic structural adjustment. In this paper,using China's A-share agricultural listed companies from 2010 to 2015 as research samples,we discuss the influence of government subsidies on research and development( hereinafter referred to as R & D) investment,and the difference in the relationships between the two from the perspective of different nature of property rights. The results show that,on the whole,the increase in government subsidies does not promote the intensity of R & D investment of agricultural listed companies. And after distinguishing the nature of property rights,the results show that state-owned enterprises can get more government subsidies than private enterprises,and the increase in government subsidies boosts the increase in R & D investment in private enterprises,but there is a negative correlation between government subsidies and R & D investment of state-owned enterprises. This conclusion can broaden the research perspective of the influence factors of corporate R & D investment,and it is of practical significance to further clarify the role of government subsidies in R & D investment decisions of enterprises with different nature of property rights.
文摘In order to solve the problem of imbalance resource allocation and service income in the elderly care service industry,this article establishes three service income models in different situations for a single provider and a single integrator while considering the quality as well as government subsidies.The results showed that government subsidies can significantly improve quality efforts and service income with a mutual restriction between quality and service income.Government subsidies would have an impact on the quality,and they are more conducive to the service income of providers.When government subsidies are less than 80% of the service income,the incentive effect is better.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.71801190].
文摘The development of the new energy vehicle industry has become a key force driving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.To better guide future strategies,this study investigates the dual impact of subsidy and dual-integral policies on the performance of new energy vehicle enterprises.This study first theorizes the influential mechanism according to the institutional-based approach and technical innovation theory,and then collects data from listed companies in the new energy vehicle industry from 2016 to 2020.The hypotheses are examined using a two-way fixed-effects model.The findings show that:(1)subsidy policies are can still improve enterprise performance,but not through green technology innovation;(2)the dual-credit policy can improve enterprise performance through green technology innovation;and(3)under current policy conditions,with subsidies declining annually,the interaction effects between the subsidy and dual-integral policies will also decrease.Thus,this study suggests that non-monetary industrial policy,represented by the dual credit policy is a more effective alternative to government subsidies.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China Key Project“Technologydriven New Energy Vehicle Industry Business Model Innovation Research”[Grant Number.16AGL004].
文摘With the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,China has posited the direction of“new infrastructure”in 2020.As one of the seven major industries of the“new infrastructure”,the charging infrastructure(CI)industry not only supports the upgrade of the new energy vehicle industry but also provides developing platforms for emerging industries,such as wireless charging,energy storage,smart microgrid,and new energy consumption.Therefore,the government’s supporting role is crucial for the CI industry.To effectively explore the effectiveness of government’s subsidy policy in the CI industry and promote its healthy development,we employed a game model and discussed the government's evolution process of different game strategies between CI and battery-swapping station(BSS)operators in this study.First,China's government subsidies for the electric vehicle(EV)industry were classified into CIs and BSSs.The subsidies obtained by the CI operators were operating subsidies,whereas those obtained by BSSs were investment subsidies.Second,a game model was constructed,involving the government,operators,and users.The model used backward induction to seek the refined Nash equilibrium solution for CIs and BSS operators.The Nash equilibrium solution indicated that the optimal investment amount and BSS quantity of the operator were positively correlated with the government subsidy intensity.When the profitability of the operators increased and the amount of the subsidies increased,consumers’willingness to use EVs increased and the policy effects were closely related to the benefits of government management.The decisions made by either the users or the operators were inversely related to the operators’management efficiency.Besides,the subsidy policy was affected by the government management.Therefore,in the implementation stage of the government’s future subsidy policies,the government needs to innovate and improve management effectiveness.The government could use subsidy policies as a driving force for developing the CI industry to build a comprehensive ecosystem of the industry,which is also the next key point for the government to promote the development of the CI industry in the future.
文摘Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for the development of policies related to R&D funding input.Methods Granger causality test was performed using the data of relevant indicators in different sub industries of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 1995 to 2019 based on the theory of covariance.Results and Conclusion The funding of R&D from the government had a significant positive effect on their R&D funding inputs to enterprises with chemo products,Chinese patent products,and biological products.It means the improvement of government funding was beneficial in promoting the R&D investment from various sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.The order of this influence was biological products,chemo products,and Chinese patent drugs.As to chemical drugs and biological products,the government’s R&D funding and enterprises R&D funding input showed a good trend of mutual promotion in a certain lag period.The government can fully leverage its funding to promote the investment of all sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.Meanwhile,regulatory mechanisms should be refined for government funding.For the inheritance,innovation,and development of traditional Chinese medicine,the government should give more policy support than financial support.
基金supported by the China National Natural Sciences Fund Project(Nos.71874190 and 72403233)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program(Innovation Support Program Soft Science Research)(No.BR2023016-4)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M753503)Key Projects Funded by Jiangsu Social Science Fund(No.21GLA003)The Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project.
文摘The optimization of government subsidies to enhance the efficiency of coal companies’green transformation constitutes a critical component in the pursuit of global sustainability.We investigate the influence mechanism of government subsidies on the green transformation using data from the listed coal companies in China from 2007 to 2022.According to our findings and hypothesis testing,previous government subsidies did not have a significant direct impact on coal companies’green transformation.Nevertheless,government subsidies can help coal companies transition to greener practices by promoting innovative green initiatives.Furthermore,we confirmed an indirect route:that government subsidies enable the adoption of low-carbon initiatives,which in turn could facilitate the transition of coal companies towards green practices.In addition,we discovered that the coal company’s digitization will improve this indirect route.Thus,we propose increasing the effectiveness of government subsidies in facilitating coal companies’transition to green practices by focusing on technological advancements and enhancing company digitalization.
文摘With the continuous development of Chinas rural revitalization strategy, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are being paid more and more attention by the country. As an important part of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, agricultural insurance is an important part of the rural revitalization strategy. By discussing the development history of agricultural insurance, China shows the continuous development of agricultural insurance. The development status of agricultural insurance in China is under the strong support of agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance mainly has the government, the insurance company and the farmer three main bodies. With the help of game principle, the positive correlation between government utility and the purchase intention of farmers and the product of agricultural insurance business opened by insurance companies, between enterprise utility and government subsidies, and farmers purchase willingness is proportional to the benefits brought by government subsidies and the purchase of agricultural insurance. This paper holds that the government should vigorously develop agricultural insurance through financial subsidies, which can promote the development of our national economy on the whole. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for some problems existing in the current agricultural insurance.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research results on flexible employment personnel and analyzing and interpreting the urban-rural residents'pension insurance policy of Zhuhai,we take the flexible employment personnel of Zhuhai City as the object of the study,combined with questionnaire survey method,and analyze the difficulties of the flexible employment personnel's participation in the insurance by analyzing the collected data,and find out that Zhuhai's flexibly employed people have cognitive bias towards urban and rural residents'pension insurance,the government's business personnel have a vague understanding of the insurance,and some of the flexibly employed people think that the subsidy is low,etc.The government of Zhuhai City has provided the suggestions of expanding the scope of the publicity of the urban and rural residents'pension insurance,increasing publicity efforts,and providing regular training for the counterpart service personnel in order to increase the rate of the flexibly employed people's participation in the insurance,and improve the inherent bad impression of the insurance by the flexibly employed people.personnel's inherent bad impression of insurance,and further improve China's insurance system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant number 71831001and the Beijing Logistics Informatics Research Base.
文摘To improve the quality of fresh agricultural products,the Chinese government provides financial subsidies to farmers for constructing refrigerated storage facilities.Our study examines a dual-channel fresh agricultural product(FAP)supply chain composed of a farmer and a retailer.Within this framework,we have developed decision models for decentralized and centralized scenarios,compared the optimal solutions with and without government subsidies,and proposed a contract mechanism to coordinate the decentralized supply chain.Our findings indicate that in the decentralized scenario if the cost coefficient for maintaining freshness exceeds a certain threshold,the retailer’s online and offline prices may surpass those in centralized scenarios.Government subsidies not only enhance product freshness but also increase retail prices and overall supply chain profitability.Additionally,the revenue and cost-sharing contract could effectively coordinate the supply chain to achieve optimal performance as seen in centralized scenarios.These insights provide valuable guidance for farmers and retailers making optimal decisions with or without government support.
文摘This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air pollution from road sector. At the early stage, Korean goverrmaent established various supporting policy systems to encourage public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses as a means to replace diesel buses. It was evaluated as very successful with making net economic benefit of CNG bus promotion policy. During the 2nd stage, Korean government implemented CNG hybrid bus promotion policy to further reduce both air pollution and greenhouse gas. Now, a new social demand for the vehicles is zero-emission vehicles. The author asserts that current FCEV （fuel cell electric vehicle） should be considered as an alternative to zero-emission vehicles in Korea and suggests policy recommendation for the promotion of FCEV by referring the current CNG bus promotion policy in public transportation sector.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70921001,71431006,71271216)the Education Ministry Social Science of China (13JZD016)
文摘Engineering machinery manufacturing and remanufacturing are significant sources of greenhouse gases.In the context of emission reduction and resource recovery,the authors analyze the impact of current carbon quota allocations and government subsidies policies on manufacturers' profits and recovery rates in a closed-loop supply chain.A simplified model consists of two manufacturers,one retailer and a third-party recycler.The study found that carbon quotas and government subsidies can both promote the improvement of recovery rates under certain conditions,and have similar effects in regulating interest distribution between manufacturers.The combination of the two methods can effectively realize the targets of recycling and carbon emissions reduction.
基金The authors thank the anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos.71231007, 71373222, 71501149）.
文摘In this paper, we consider a single-period model comprised of an original manufacturer （OM） who produces only new products and a remanufacturer who collects used products from consumers and produces remanufactured products. The OM and the remanufacturer compete in the product market. We examine the effects of government subsidy as a means to promote remanufacturing activity. In particularly, we consider three subsidy options： subsidy to remanufacturer, subsidy to consumers, and subsidy shared by remanufacturer and consumers. We find that the introduction of government subsidy on remanufacturer or consumers always increases remanufacturing activity. We also find that subsidy to remanufacturer is the best subsidy option, because subsidy to remanufacturer results in lower price of remanufactttred products, thus leading to higher consumer surplus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71702112,72204001 and 71971049the Social Science Planning Fund of Liaoning Province under Grant No.L19CGL008The Economic and Social Development Project of Liaoning Province under Grant 2022lslybkt-027.
文摘Based on the evolutionary game approach,this paper analyzes how the automaker makes rational production decisions under the influence of the government and consumers.A tripartite evolutionary game model of“government-automaker-consumer”is established to explore the interactions under the condition of bounded rationality.The study shows that:1)The increase of credit price and credit ratio will promote the diffusion of new energy vehicles(NEVs).2)The cost premium of NEVs and the shrinking market will slow the spread of NEVs to some extent but will not prevent NEVs from becoming a trend in the automobile industry.However,the cost premium of fuel vehicles(FVs)will accelerate the development of the NEV industry.3)Government subsidies can promote the development of NEV industry to some extent,but they are not always effective.The government can simultaneously implement subsidies for automakers and consumers in the early stages,and choose to implement the subsidy only for consumers in the medium term.Additionally,there is no need to implement the subsidy policy at a later stage.
基金China-Germany Cooperation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.M-0310)Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72021002)China Scholarship Council.
文摘With strong government advocacy and encouragement,many manufacturers hope to enter the remanufacturing market.Manufacturers who have entered the remanufacturing market hope to increase their profits through effective decision-making.Using game-theoretic models,this study investigates manufacturers’conditions for introducing remanufactured products and the production decisions after the introduction by constructing a consumer utility model.Our study demonstrates that manufacturers’decision-making method directly affects their decision to introduce remanufactured products.If a manufacturer plans to introduce remanufactured products,they should adopt a centralized decision-making method for the two products.Under this decision-making method,when the ratio of the government subsidy to the cost of new products is not too large or too small,the manufacturer can introduce remanufactured products.Additionally,the range of the ratio of the government subsidy to the cost of new products is related to the difference between the ratio of the cost of remanufactured products to that of new products and the substitutability of the remanufactured products.Therefore,when formulating a subsidy,the government should control it within a reasonable range and formulate differentiated subsidy strategies based on different enterprises’specific conditions to give full play to the benefits of the government subsidy.Moreover,after the manufacturer has introduced remanufactured products,the consumer surplus and manufacturer’s profit increase with the government subsidy.However,social welfare increases only when the government subsidy is within a reasonable range.Furthermore,compared with subsidizing consumers,it is found that subsidizing the manufacturer does not affect their profit,the consumer surplus,and social welfare;however,the range within which the manufacturer can introduce remanufactured products narrows.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science foundation of China(Project ID:71762025)National Accounting Top Talents of the Ministry of Finance of Chinathe financial support from the Young Scholar Start-up Program of Shenzhen University(Project ID:85203/00000536)
文摘This paper investigates whether zombie firms demonstrate a tendency to invest in the financial sector,a practice we term financialization strategy.Unlike those in the United States,Japan,and Europe,we find that zombie firms in China are not necessarily small and that they rely heavily on government subsidies in addition to bank loans for survival.In addition,we document that zombie firms in China experience limited investment opportunities in their core businesses.This combination of readily available funding and limited investment opportunities jointly motivate the financialization of firms with zombie status.We further find that financialization is preferred by non-state-owned firms and by those located in regions with less developed markets.Finally,we suggest that a contagion effect can occur in terms of financialization in provinces that have a high percentage of zombie firms.This research sheds light on the effects of a triangular relationship among firms,government agencies,and financial institutions on both the operations of individual firms and overall market efficiency.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72203061,72303157,and 72173082)the Ministry of Education Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities in China(No.22JJD790011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021ECNU-HLYT033).
文摘This study evaluates the quality of accounting information provided by Chinese multinational corporations(MNCs)in relation to the issue of earnings management.Using a combined dataset of outward foreign direct investment and financial statements by Chinese firms publicly listed on A-share markets between 2012 and 2017,we investigate whether Chinese MNCs are more inclined to manage earnings.We discover that these firms exhibited significant earnings management behavior and typically adjusted their earnings downward.We demonstrate that these effects were more pronounced among private MNCs than state-owned firms,and in host countries with weaker institutional quality.Further research reveals that after delaying the confirmation of current earnings,Chinese MNCs received higher government subsidies,and this pattern was particularly prevalent among private MNCs.We find no evidence that Chinese MNCs manipulated earnings to avoid paying taxes.
文摘This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic.We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms,obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey.The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment,such as the tax rate,serve as significant obstacles to firms’product innovations.The results also confirm that international technological linkagesdmeasured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licensesdaffect technological innovations.Moreover,we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors;contrarily,we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership.Process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions.Finally,business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector.Our findings have salient implications for firm managers,policymakers,and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies.
基金Supported by National Social Science Fund of China(22BGL111)。
文摘The continuous growth in energy demand,shortage of fossil fuels,and global climate change have raised significant attention towards renewable energy.In this paper,firstly,a three-echelon biomass-to-bioenergy supply chain composed of a farmer,collection station and power generation enterprise is developed.Secondly,the optimal decisions for four scenarios are investigated,namely,a decentralized decision-making model,a collaborative decision-making model between the farmer and the collection station,a collaborative decision-making model between the collection station and the power generation enterprise,and a centralized decision-making model.Thirdly,the average tree solution method of cooperative game theory is used to allocate the supply chain profits.Finally,numerical analysis is conducted by taking one biomass energy company as an example to support the results.Our research finds that:1)In a centralized decision-making scenario,the individual and overall revenues are maximized.2)For the collection station,allying with the power generation enterprise is more beneficial than allying with the farmer.3)For the power generation enterprise,forming an alliance with the collection station is greater than decision-making independently.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)under grant no.1518503“CNH-L:Coastal Processes and Human Response to Shoreline Change.”。
文摘Following the significant coastal changes caused by Hurricane Sandy in 2012,engineered berm-dunes were constructed along the New Jersey coastline to enhance protection from future storms.Following construction,property values on Long Beach Island,NJ,increased in three beachfront communities.The projects were financed entirely through federal disaster assistance,but the percentage of future maintenance costs must be covered by local communities.Whether communities are willing or capable of financially contributing to maintenance remains unclear because(i)some homeowners prefer ocean views over the protection afforded by the berm-dune structures,and(ii)stakeholder risk perceptions can change over time.To investigate the relationships between berm-dune geometries,values of coastal protection,and ocean view values,we developed a geoeconomic model of the natural and anthropogenic processes that shape beach and dune morphology.The model results suggest that coastal communities may exhibit significant differences in their capabilities to maintain engineered dunes depending on stakeholder wealth and risk perception.In particular,communities with strong preferences for ocean views are less likely to maintain large-scale berm-dune structures over the long term.If these structures are abandoned,the vulnerability of the coast to future storms will increase.
