Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)have become a widely used tool for learning and analyzing data on graph structures,largely due to their ability to preserve graph structure and properties via graph representation learning.H...Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)have become a widely used tool for learning and analyzing data on graph structures,largely due to their ability to preserve graph structure and properties via graph representation learning.However,the effect of depth on the performance of GNNs,particularly isotropic and anisotropic models,remains an active area of research.This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the impact of depth on GNNs,with a focus on the phenomena of over-smoothing and the bottleneck effect in deep graph neural networks.Our research investigates the tradeoff between depth and performance,revealing that increasing depth can lead to over-smoothing and a decrease in performance due to the bottleneck effect.We also examine the impact of node degrees on classification accuracy,finding that nodes with low degrees can pose challenges for accurate classification.Our experiments use several benchmark datasets and a range of evaluation metrics to compare isotropic and anisotropic GNNs of varying depths,also explore the scalability of these models.Our findings provide valuable insights into the design of deep GNNs and offer potential avenues for future research to improve their performance.展开更多
Dear Editor,D2This letter presents a node feature similarity preserving graph convolutional framework P G.Graph neural networks(GNNs)have garnered significant attention for their efficacy in learning graph representat...Dear Editor,D2This letter presents a node feature similarity preserving graph convolutional framework P G.Graph neural networks(GNNs)have garnered significant attention for their efficacy in learning graph representations across diverse real-world applications.展开更多
Graph Federated Learning(GFL)has shown great potential in privacy protection and distributed intelligence through distributed collaborative training of graph-structured data without sharing raw information.However,exi...Graph Federated Learning(GFL)has shown great potential in privacy protection and distributed intelligence through distributed collaborative training of graph-structured data without sharing raw information.However,existing GFL approaches often lack the capability for comprehensive feature extraction and adaptive optimization,particularly in non-independent and identically distributed(NON-IID)scenarios where balancing global structural understanding and local node-level detail remains a challenge.To this end,this paper proposes a novel framework called GFL-SAR(Graph Federated Collaborative Learning Framework Based on Structural Amplification and Attention Refinement),which enhances the representation learning capability of graph data through a dual-branch collaborative design.Specifically,we propose the Structural Insight Amplifier(SIA),which utilizes an improved Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)to strengthen structural awareness and improve modeling of topological patterns.In parallel,we propose the Attentive Relational Refiner(ARR),which employs an enhanced Graph Attention Network(GAT)to perform fine-grained modeling of node relationships and neighborhood features,thereby improving the expressiveness of local interactions and preserving critical contextual information.GFL-SAR effectively integrates multi-scale features from every branch via feature fusion and federated optimization,thereby addressing existing GFL limitations in structural modeling and feature representation.Experiments on standard benchmark datasets including Cora,Citeseer,Polblogs,and Cora_ML demonstrate that GFL-SAR achieves superior performance in classification accuracy,convergence speed,and robustness compared to existing methods,confirming its effectiveness and generalizability in GFL tasks.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the critical challenge of preserving privacy in graph learning without compromising on data utility.Differential privacy(DP)is emerging as an effective method for privacy-preserving g...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the critical challenge of preserving privacy in graph learning without compromising on data utility.Differential privacy(DP)is emerging as an effective method for privacy-preserving graph learning.However,its application often diminishes data utility,especially for nodes with fewer neighbors in graph neural networks(GNNs).展开更多
目的针对电子鼻在温湿度波动较大的医疗环境和户外等场景中因传感器漂移导致检测失效的问题,提出小样本补偿模型,解决传统方法依赖大量漂移数据、难以适应长期非线性漂移的瓶颈。方法构建传感器漂移适应中的图神经网络(graph neural net...目的针对电子鼻在温湿度波动较大的医疗环境和户外等场景中因传感器漂移导致检测失效的问题,提出小样本补偿模型,解决传统方法依赖大量漂移数据、难以适应长期非线性漂移的瓶颈。方法构建传感器漂移适应中的图神经网络(graph neural network used in sensors drift adaptation,GNNSD)模型,融合深度残差卷积与图神经网络,采用数据增强与关系推理机制,在公开传感器漂移数据集上开展小样本分类实验。结果GNNSD模型在K=1设置下实现84.12%平均准确率,较最优对比算法FEDA提升9.93%。消融实验表明模型架构具有合理性。结论该模型通过多尺度特征与图结构关系推理的协同机制,当每个类别的参考样本数量只有1个时也可实现较高分类精度,为医疗监测、跨境筛查等生物安全场景提供低样本依赖的漂移补偿解决方案。展开更多
Optimizing routing and resource allocation in decentralized unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks remains challenging due to interference and rapidly changing topologies.The authors introduce a novel framework combinin...Optimizing routing and resource allocation in decentralized unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks remains challenging due to interference and rapidly changing topologies.The authors introduce a novel framework combining double deep Q-networks(DDQNs)and graph neural networks(GNNs)for joint routing and resource allocation.The framework uses GNNs to model the network topology and DDQNs to adaptively control routing and resource allocation,addressing interference and improving network performance.Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods such as Closest-to-Destination(c2Dst),Max-SINR(mSINR),and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)-based models,achieving approximately 23.5% improvement in throughput,50% increase in connection probability,and 17.6% reduction in number of hops,demonstrating its effectiveness in dynamic UAV networks.展开更多
Ensuring the reliability of power transmission networks depends heavily on the early detection of faults in key components such as insulators,which serve both mechanical and electrical functions.Even a single defectiv...Ensuring the reliability of power transmission networks depends heavily on the early detection of faults in key components such as insulators,which serve both mechanical and electrical functions.Even a single defective insulator can lead to equipment breakdown,costly service interruptions,and increased maintenance demands.While unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)enable rapid and cost-effective collection of high-resolution imagery,accurate defect identification remains challenging due to cluttered backgrounds,variable lighting,and the diverse appearance of faults.To address these issues,we introduce a real-time inspection framework that integrates an enhanced YOLOv10 detector with a Hybrid Quantum-Enhanced Graph Neural Network(HQGNN).The YOLOv10 module,fine-tuned on domainspecific UAV datasets,improves detection precision,while the HQGNN ensures multi-object tracking and temporal consistency across video frames.This synergy enables reliable and efficient identification of faulty insulators under complex environmental conditions.Experimental results show that the proposed YOLOv10-HQGNN model surpasses existing methods across all metrics,achieving Recall of 0.85 and Average Precision(AP)of 0.83,with clear gains in both accuracy and throughput.These advancements support automated,proactive maintenance strategies that minimize downtime and contribute to a safer,smarter energy infrastructure.展开更多
The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential deta...The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential details or to stealthily deploy malware.To address this issue,we aimed to assess the efficiency of popular machine learning and neural network models in identifying such harmful links.To serve our research needs,we employed two different datasets:the PhiUSIIL dataset,which is specifically designed to address phishing URL detection,and another dataset developed to uncover spam links by examining the wording and structure of every URL.Our strategy was to train and evaluate four classificationmodels,namely RandomForest,SupportVectorMachine(SVM),Naive Bayes,and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),under two different feature engineering approaches:statistical text-based analysis and heuristic-based structural features.The results are in,and they are stunning:Random Forest and ANN models were always the best.During our research,we achieved some outstanding results.On the PhiUSIIL phishing dataset,the model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%,and on the spam dataset,it attained an accuracy of 99.62%.Studies surpass any previously reported findings,firmly establishing the efficacy of machine learning and neural networks in detecting malicious URLs.Not only does this work reinforce the superiority of these in-demand models,but it also sets a high bar for subsequent research and development in the field.In general,this provides the direction for building smarter,faster,and more precise tools that can spot online threats as they develop.展开更多
The Financial Technology(FinTech)sector has witnessed rapid growth,resulting in increasingly complex and high-volume digital transactions.Although this expansion improves efficiency and accessibility,it also introduce...The Financial Technology(FinTech)sector has witnessed rapid growth,resulting in increasingly complex and high-volume digital transactions.Although this expansion improves efficiency and accessibility,it also introduces significant vulnerabilities,including fraud,money laundering,and market manipulation.Traditional anomaly detection techniques often fail to capture the relational and dynamic characteristics of financial data.Graph Neural Networks(GNNs),capable of modeling intricate interdependencies among entities,have emerged as a powerful framework for detecting subtle and sophisticated anomalies.However,the high-dimensionality and inherent noise of FinTech datasets demand robust feature selection strategies to improve model scalability,performance,and interpretability.This paper presents a comprehensive survey of GNN-based approaches for anomaly detection in FinTech,with an emphasis on the synergistic role of feature selection.We examine the theoretical foundations of GNNs,review state-of-the-art feature selection techniques,analyze their integration with GNNs,and categorize prevalent anomaly types in FinTech applications.In addition,we discuss practical implementation challenges,highlight representative case studies,and propose future research directions to advance the field of graph-based anomaly detection in financial systems.展开更多
Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relati...Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relationships among nodes.This paper proposes a novel graph coupling convolutional model that introduces an adaptive weighting mechanism to assign distinct importance to neighboring nodes based on their similarity to the central node.Unlike traditional methods,the proposed coupling strategy enhances the interpretability of node interactions while maintaining competitive classification performance.The model operates in the spatial domain,utilizing adjacency list structures for efficient convolution and addressing the limitations of weight sharing through a coupling-based similarity computation.Extensive experiments are conducted on five graph-structured datasets,including Cora,Citeseer,PubMed,Reddit,and BlogCatalog,as well as a custom topology dataset constructed from the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset(OULAD)educational platform.Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves good classification accuracy,while significantly reducing training time through direct second-order neighbor fusion and data preprocessing.Moreover,analysis of neighborhood order reveals that considering third-order neighbors offers limited accuracy gains but introduces considerable computational overhead,confirming the efficiency of first-and second-order convolution in practical applications.Overall,the proposed graph coupling model offers a lightweight,interpretable,and effective framework for multi-label node classification in complex networks.展开更多
Temporal alignment of multisensor time series(MTS)is a critical prerequisite for accurate modeling and optimal control in subsequent data-driven applications.Nevertheless,many approaches frequently neglect to consider...Temporal alignment of multisensor time series(MTS)is a critical prerequisite for accurate modeling and optimal control in subsequent data-driven applications.Nevertheless,many approaches frequently neglect to consider the complex interdependencies between different sensors in MTS,and temporal alignment in many methods is typically treated as an isolated task disconnected from the downstream objectives,leading to unsatisfactory performances in follow-up applications.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel knowledge graph(KG)-guided iterative-updating graph neural network(GNN)for time-delay estimation(TDE)in MTS.Initially,a domain-specific KG is constructed from domain mechanism knowledge,providing a foundation for GNN's initialization.Next,capitalizing on the inherent structure of the graph topology,a GNN-based TDE method is developed.Then,a customized loss function is constructed,which synthesizes both the performances of downstream tasks and graph-based constraints.Moreover,an innovative algorithm for GNN structure learning and iterative-updating is proposed to renovate the graph structure further.Finally,experimental results across various regression and classification tasks on numerical simulation,public datasets,and the real blast furnace ironmaking dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve accurate temporal alignment of MTS.展开更多
文摘Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)have become a widely used tool for learning and analyzing data on graph structures,largely due to their ability to preserve graph structure and properties via graph representation learning.However,the effect of depth on the performance of GNNs,particularly isotropic and anisotropic models,remains an active area of research.This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the impact of depth on GNNs,with a focus on the phenomena of over-smoothing and the bottleneck effect in deep graph neural networks.Our research investigates the tradeoff between depth and performance,revealing that increasing depth can lead to over-smoothing and a decrease in performance due to the bottleneck effect.We also examine the impact of node degrees on classification accuracy,finding that nodes with low degrees can pose challenges for accurate classification.Our experiments use several benchmark datasets and a range of evaluation metrics to compare isotropic and anisotropic GNNs of varying depths,also explore the scalability of these models.Our findings provide valuable insights into the design of deep GNNs and offer potential avenues for future research to improve their performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62402399)the New Chongqing Youth Innovation Talent Project(CSTB2024NSCQ-QCXMX0035)。
文摘Dear Editor,D2This letter presents a node feature similarity preserving graph convolutional framework P G.Graph neural networks(GNNs)have garnered significant attention for their efficacy in learning graph representations across diverse real-world applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62466045)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation Project(2021LHMS06003)Inner Mongolia University Basic Research Business Fee Project(114).
文摘Graph Federated Learning(GFL)has shown great potential in privacy protection and distributed intelligence through distributed collaborative training of graph-structured data without sharing raw information.However,existing GFL approaches often lack the capability for comprehensive feature extraction and adaptive optimization,particularly in non-independent and identically distributed(NON-IID)scenarios where balancing global structural understanding and local node-level detail remains a challenge.To this end,this paper proposes a novel framework called GFL-SAR(Graph Federated Collaborative Learning Framework Based on Structural Amplification and Attention Refinement),which enhances the representation learning capability of graph data through a dual-branch collaborative design.Specifically,we propose the Structural Insight Amplifier(SIA),which utilizes an improved Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)to strengthen structural awareness and improve modeling of topological patterns.In parallel,we propose the Attentive Relational Refiner(ARR),which employs an enhanced Graph Attention Network(GAT)to perform fine-grained modeling of node relationships and neighborhood features,thereby improving the expressiveness of local interactions and preserving critical contextual information.GFL-SAR effectively integrates multi-scale features from every branch via feature fusion and federated optimization,thereby addressing existing GFL limitations in structural modeling and feature representation.Experiments on standard benchmark datasets including Cora,Citeseer,Polblogs,and Cora_ML demonstrate that GFL-SAR achieves superior performance in classification accuracy,convergence speed,and robustness compared to existing methods,confirming its effectiveness and generalizability in GFL tasks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0612900,2023YFF0612902)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(4254086)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62472032)the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Mobile Application Innovation and Governance Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(2023IFS080601-K)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarsthe Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the critical challenge of preserving privacy in graph learning without compromising on data utility.Differential privacy(DP)is emerging as an effective method for privacy-preserving graph learning.However,its application often diminishes data utility,especially for nodes with fewer neighbors in graph neural networks(GNNs).
文摘目的针对电子鼻在温湿度波动较大的医疗环境和户外等场景中因传感器漂移导致检测失效的问题,提出小样本补偿模型,解决传统方法依赖大量漂移数据、难以适应长期非线性漂移的瓶颈。方法构建传感器漂移适应中的图神经网络(graph neural network used in sensors drift adaptation,GNNSD)模型,融合深度残差卷积与图神经网络,采用数据增强与关系推理机制,在公开传感器漂移数据集上开展小样本分类实验。结果GNNSD模型在K=1设置下实现84.12%平均准确率,较最优对比算法FEDA提升9.93%。消融实验表明模型架构具有合理性。结论该模型通过多尺度特征与图结构关系推理的协同机制,当每个类别的参考样本数量只有1个时也可实现较高分类精度,为医疗监测、跨境筛查等生物安全场景提供低样本依赖的漂移补偿解决方案。
文摘Optimizing routing and resource allocation in decentralized unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks remains challenging due to interference and rapidly changing topologies.The authors introduce a novel framework combining double deep Q-networks(DDQNs)and graph neural networks(GNNs)for joint routing and resource allocation.The framework uses GNNs to model the network topology and DDQNs to adaptively control routing and resource allocation,addressing interference and improving network performance.Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods such as Closest-to-Destination(c2Dst),Max-SINR(mSINR),and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)-based models,achieving approximately 23.5% improvement in throughput,50% increase in connection probability,and 17.6% reduction in number of hops,demonstrating its effectiveness in dynamic UAV networks.
基金supported by Ho Chi Minh City Open University,Vietnam and Suan Sunandha Rajabhat Univeristy,Thailand.
文摘Ensuring the reliability of power transmission networks depends heavily on the early detection of faults in key components such as insulators,which serve both mechanical and electrical functions.Even a single defective insulator can lead to equipment breakdown,costly service interruptions,and increased maintenance demands.While unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)enable rapid and cost-effective collection of high-resolution imagery,accurate defect identification remains challenging due to cluttered backgrounds,variable lighting,and the diverse appearance of faults.To address these issues,we introduce a real-time inspection framework that integrates an enhanced YOLOv10 detector with a Hybrid Quantum-Enhanced Graph Neural Network(HQGNN).The YOLOv10 module,fine-tuned on domainspecific UAV datasets,improves detection precision,while the HQGNN ensures multi-object tracking and temporal consistency across video frames.This synergy enables reliable and efficient identification of faulty insulators under complex environmental conditions.Experimental results show that the proposed YOLOv10-HQGNN model surpasses existing methods across all metrics,achieving Recall of 0.85 and Average Precision(AP)of 0.83,with clear gains in both accuracy and throughput.These advancements support automated,proactive maintenance strategies that minimize downtime and contribute to a safer,smarter energy infrastructure.
文摘The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential details or to stealthily deploy malware.To address this issue,we aimed to assess the efficiency of popular machine learning and neural network models in identifying such harmful links.To serve our research needs,we employed two different datasets:the PhiUSIIL dataset,which is specifically designed to address phishing URL detection,and another dataset developed to uncover spam links by examining the wording and structure of every URL.Our strategy was to train and evaluate four classificationmodels,namely RandomForest,SupportVectorMachine(SVM),Naive Bayes,and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),under two different feature engineering approaches:statistical text-based analysis and heuristic-based structural features.The results are in,and they are stunning:Random Forest and ANN models were always the best.During our research,we achieved some outstanding results.On the PhiUSIIL phishing dataset,the model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%,and on the spam dataset,it attained an accuracy of 99.62%.Studies surpass any previously reported findings,firmly establishing the efficacy of machine learning and neural networks in detecting malicious URLs.Not only does this work reinforce the superiority of these in-demand models,but it also sets a high bar for subsequent research and development in the field.In general,this provides the direction for building smarter,faster,and more precise tools that can spot online threats as they develop.
基金supported by Ho Chi Minh City Open University,Vietnam under grant number E2024.02.1CD and Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University,Thailand.
文摘The Financial Technology(FinTech)sector has witnessed rapid growth,resulting in increasingly complex and high-volume digital transactions.Although this expansion improves efficiency and accessibility,it also introduces significant vulnerabilities,including fraud,money laundering,and market manipulation.Traditional anomaly detection techniques often fail to capture the relational and dynamic characteristics of financial data.Graph Neural Networks(GNNs),capable of modeling intricate interdependencies among entities,have emerged as a powerful framework for detecting subtle and sophisticated anomalies.However,the high-dimensionality and inherent noise of FinTech datasets demand robust feature selection strategies to improve model scalability,performance,and interpretability.This paper presents a comprehensive survey of GNN-based approaches for anomaly detection in FinTech,with an emphasis on the synergistic role of feature selection.We examine the theoretical foundations of GNNs,review state-of-the-art feature selection techniques,analyze their integration with GNNs,and categorize prevalent anomaly types in FinTech applications.In addition,we discuss practical implementation challenges,highlight representative case studies,and propose future research directions to advance the field of graph-based anomaly detection in financial systems.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004]Guangzhou Huashang University[2024HSZD01,HS2023JYSZH01].
文摘Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relationships among nodes.This paper proposes a novel graph coupling convolutional model that introduces an adaptive weighting mechanism to assign distinct importance to neighboring nodes based on their similarity to the central node.Unlike traditional methods,the proposed coupling strategy enhances the interpretability of node interactions while maintaining competitive classification performance.The model operates in the spatial domain,utilizing adjacency list structures for efficient convolution and addressing the limitations of weight sharing through a coupling-based similarity computation.Extensive experiments are conducted on five graph-structured datasets,including Cora,Citeseer,PubMed,Reddit,and BlogCatalog,as well as a custom topology dataset constructed from the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset(OULAD)educational platform.Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves good classification accuracy,while significantly reducing training time through direct second-order neighbor fusion and data preprocessing.Moreover,analysis of neighborhood order reveals that considering third-order neighbors offers limited accuracy gains but introduces considerable computational overhead,confirming the efficiency of first-and second-order convolution in practical applications.Overall,the proposed graph coupling model offers a lightweight,interpretable,and effective framework for multi-label node classification in complex networks.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303491)the Major Program of Xiangjiang Laboratory(22XJ01005)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2024RC1007)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ10007)。
文摘Temporal alignment of multisensor time series(MTS)is a critical prerequisite for accurate modeling and optimal control in subsequent data-driven applications.Nevertheless,many approaches frequently neglect to consider the complex interdependencies between different sensors in MTS,and temporal alignment in many methods is typically treated as an isolated task disconnected from the downstream objectives,leading to unsatisfactory performances in follow-up applications.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a novel knowledge graph(KG)-guided iterative-updating graph neural network(GNN)for time-delay estimation(TDE)in MTS.Initially,a domain-specific KG is constructed from domain mechanism knowledge,providing a foundation for GNN's initialization.Next,capitalizing on the inherent structure of the graph topology,a GNN-based TDE method is developed.Then,a customized loss function is constructed,which synthesizes both the performances of downstream tasks and graph-based constraints.Moreover,an innovative algorithm for GNN structure learning and iterative-updating is proposed to renovate the graph structure further.Finally,experimental results across various regression and classification tasks on numerical simulation,public datasets,and the real blast furnace ironmaking dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve accurate temporal alignment of MTS.
