Stem respiration is an important part of the activity of a tree and is an important source of CO2 evolution from a forest ecosystem. Presently, no standard methods are available for the accurate estimation of total st...Stem respiration is an important part of the activity of a tree and is an important source of CO2 evolution from a forest ecosystem. Presently, no standard methods are available for the accurate estimation of total stem CO2 efflux from a forest. In the current study, a 33-year-old (by the year 2001) larch (Larix gmelini Rupr.) plantation was measured throughout 2001-2002 to analyze its monthly and seasonal patterns of stem respiration. Stem respiration rate was also measured at different heights, at different daily intervals and any variation in the larch plantation was recorded. The relationship between stem temperature, growth status and respiration rate was analyzed. Higher respiration rates were recorded in upper reaches of the larch tree throughout the season and these were affected partially by temperature difference. Midday depression was found in the diurnal changes in stem respiration. In the morning, but not in the afternoon, stem respiration was positively correlated with stem temperature. The reason for this variation may be attributed to water deficit, which was stronger in the afternoon. In the larch plantation, a maximum 7-fold variation in stem respiration was found. The growth status (such as mean growth rate of stem and canopy projection area) instead of stem temperature difference was positively correlated with this large variation. An S-model (sigmoid curve) or Power model shows the greatest regression of the field data. In the courses of seasonal and annual changes of stem respiration, peak values were observed in July of both years, but substantial interannual differences in magnitude were observed. An exponential model can clearly show this regression of the temperature-respiration relationship. In our results, Q(10) values ranged from 2.22 in 2001 to 3.53 in 2002. Therefore, estimation of total stem CO2 efflux only by a constant Q(10) value may give biased results. More parameters of growth status and water status should be considered for more accurate estimation.展开更多
[Objective] This study aims to analyze the natural regeneration characteristics and growth factors of two cut-over lands of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. [Method] A database was established based...[Objective] This study aims to analyze the natural regeneration characteristics and growth factors of two cut-over lands of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. [Method] A database was established based on the information of natural regeneration cut-over sample plots of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. Natural regeneration characteristics of clear-cutting sample plot and shelterwood-cutting sample plot of Larix gmelini in the northern regions of Greater Khingan Mountains were investigated by programming analysis. [Result] The natural regeneration of two principal felling systems was both good, and that of shelterwood-cutting sample plot was better. There were significant linear regression relationships among various growth factors of naturally regenerated plants. [Conclusion] This study provided scientific theoretical guidance for subsequent deforestation and regeneration in Greater Khingan Mountains.展开更多
Fifty-three larch interspecific hybrid clones（Larix kaempferi × L.gmelini） and their parent clones were used for growth curve analysis of height variations.The growth curves of the 55 clones were ＇S＇-shaped a...Fifty-three larch interspecific hybrid clones（Larix kaempferi × L.gmelini） and their parent clones were used for growth curve analysis of height variations.The growth curves of the 55 clones were ＇S＇-shaped and 36 exhibited similar curves as the male parent.The coefficients of the logistic models were higher than 0.943,indicating that our results were effective in the simulation of the growth curves.ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in height of different clones （P／0.01）.Average date of maximum height growth was Day 173,and average duration of rapid growth lasted for 50 days.Annual average increase in height was 9.7cm d^（-1） and daily average increase was 0.2 cm.The ratio of GR to the total annual increase in height ranged from 51.2 to 68.8%,with the average being 59.8%.There was a positive correlation between k values and plant heights which benefited from the evaluation of early plant height.There was also a positive correlation between GR（growth stage）,GD（plant height） and annual increase in height.These results are informative to the evaluation of the elite clone selection and provide a theoretical basis for breeding and management.展开更多
Two new C-glucoside oxanthrones, 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin A （1） and 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B （2）, were isolated from the roots of Rumex gmelini Turcz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectro...Two new C-glucoside oxanthrones, 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin A （1） and 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B （2）, were isolated from the roots of Rumex gmelini Turcz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical means C 2009 Zhen Yue Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.展开更多
The age structure of a Lurix gmelini population in the northern part of the Great Xingan mountains consists of one to several age waves. Three types (one-, two- and multi-generation populations) , plusing eleven subty...The age structure of a Lurix gmelini population in the northern part of the Great Xingan mountains consists of one to several age waves. Three types (one-, two- and multi-generation populations) , plusing eleven subtypes of age structure can be classified. As the basic unit of the age structure, age waves show an apparent β distribution in the range from 20 to 60 years. The interval between the starting points of two adjacent age waves is more than 100 years. Natural disturbances,especially forest fires that occurred in this area have had an important effect on the age structure. Most of the age waves resulted from forest fires, but the effect of windfall on the age structure also can be revealed through the analysis of young age waves. Generally, high intensity and low frequency fires are usually followed by one-generation populations, while low intensity and high frequency fires by two- or multi-generation populations.展开更多
Anatolian wild sheep is still exists only in Konya-Bozdag Wildlife Development Area in the world. Because of the ongoing illegal hunting, habitat destruction, etc. starting in 1966, only a herd consisting of 35 indivi...Anatolian wild sheep is still exists only in Konya-Bozdag Wildlife Development Area in the world. Because of the ongoing illegal hunting, habitat destruction, etc. starting in 1966, only a herd consisting of 35 individuals survived. Thereupon, in the same year, 42,000 ha of fieldshad were declared as a protected areaby the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Following this period, the number has increased to 2,000 in 2005. In the studied area, due to the increasingly exceeded carrying capacity of the land, wild sheep tended to lower the nutritional value of plants. Malnutrition, illnesses, stress, etc. led to death, and population size decreased to 600. Based on this information, there are two main ways to make deteriorated habitat structure suitable for accommodation, growth and proliferation of Anatolian wild sheep individuals. The firstone is about carrying individuals to other natural areas, and the latter is the restoration work in this area. Restoration work on the outside to add nutrients to the living environment （artificial feeding） and arranging habitat work are implemented. Depending on the type of habitat restoration work, restoration on the entire area, plot-plot restoration and radiating from the center to the environment restoration form can be made.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided in...Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), acute lung injury group (ALI group) and n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz group (Rum group). ALI group and Rum group were established into ALI models by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, and Rum group were given intragastric administration of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz for intervention before model establishment. 12 h after endotoxin injection, the superior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the water content, and the inferior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the contents of AQPs molecules, inflammatory response molecules and oxidative stress molecules. Results: 12 h after endotoxin injection, the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was (6.82±0.97)%. After variance analysis, the water content of lung tissue in ALI group was significantly higher than that in NC group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly lower than those of NC group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of NC group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly higher than those of NC group;the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was significantly lower than that in ALI group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly higher than those of ALI group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of ALI group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly lower than those of ALI group. Conclusion:The n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz reduce the pulmonary edema, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis during the endotoxin-induced ALI in mice.展开更多
文摘Stem respiration is an important part of the activity of a tree and is an important source of CO2 evolution from a forest ecosystem. Presently, no standard methods are available for the accurate estimation of total stem CO2 efflux from a forest. In the current study, a 33-year-old (by the year 2001) larch (Larix gmelini Rupr.) plantation was measured throughout 2001-2002 to analyze its monthly and seasonal patterns of stem respiration. Stem respiration rate was also measured at different heights, at different daily intervals and any variation in the larch plantation was recorded. The relationship between stem temperature, growth status and respiration rate was analyzed. Higher respiration rates were recorded in upper reaches of the larch tree throughout the season and these were affected partially by temperature difference. Midday depression was found in the diurnal changes in stem respiration. In the morning, but not in the afternoon, stem respiration was positively correlated with stem temperature. The reason for this variation may be attributed to water deficit, which was stronger in the afternoon. In the larch plantation, a maximum 7-fold variation in stem respiration was found. The growth status (such as mean growth rate of stem and canopy projection area) instead of stem temperature difference was positively correlated with this large variation. An S-model (sigmoid curve) or Power model shows the greatest regression of the field data. In the courses of seasonal and annual changes of stem respiration, peak values were observed in July of both years, but substantial interannual differences in magnitude were observed. An exponential model can clearly show this regression of the temperature-respiration relationship. In our results, Q(10) values ranged from 2.22 in 2001 to 3.53 in 2002. Therefore, estimation of total stem CO2 efflux only by a constant Q(10) value may give biased results. More parameters of growth status and water status should be considered for more accurate estimation.
基金Supported by Forestry Industry Public Welfare Project of State Forestry Bureau of China(201204205)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aims to analyze the natural regeneration characteristics and growth factors of two cut-over lands of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. [Method] A database was established based on the information of natural regeneration cut-over sample plots of Larix gmelini forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. Natural regeneration characteristics of clear-cutting sample plot and shelterwood-cutting sample plot of Larix gmelini in the northern regions of Greater Khingan Mountains were investigated by programming analysis. [Result] The natural regeneration of two principal felling systems was both good, and that of shelterwood-cutting sample plot was better. There were significant linear regression relationships among various growth factors of naturally regenerated plants. [Conclusion] This study provided scientific theoretical guidance for subsequent deforestation and regeneration in Greater Khingan Mountains.
基金supported by Grants from the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China(No.2015DAD09B01)
文摘Fifty-three larch interspecific hybrid clones（Larix kaempferi × L.gmelini） and their parent clones were used for growth curve analysis of height variations.The growth curves of the 55 clones were ＇S＇-shaped and 36 exhibited similar curves as the male parent.The coefficients of the logistic models were higher than 0.943,indicating that our results were effective in the simulation of the growth curves.ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in height of different clones （P／0.01）.Average date of maximum height growth was Day 173,and average duration of rapid growth lasted for 50 days.Annual average increase in height was 9.7cm d^（-1） and daily average increase was 0.2 cm.The ratio of GR to the total annual increase in height ranged from 51.2 to 68.8%,with the average being 59.8%.There was a positive correlation between k values and plant heights which benefited from the evaluation of early plant height.There was also a positive correlation between GR（growth stage）,GD（plant height） and annual increase in height.These results are informative to the evaluation of the elite clone selection and provide a theoretical basis for breeding and management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270156).
文摘Two new C-glucoside oxanthrones, 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin A （1） and 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B （2）, were isolated from the roots of Rumex gmelini Turcz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical means C 2009 Zhen Yue Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The age structure of a Lurix gmelini population in the northern part of the Great Xingan mountains consists of one to several age waves. Three types (one-, two- and multi-generation populations) , plusing eleven subtypes of age structure can be classified. As the basic unit of the age structure, age waves show an apparent β distribution in the range from 20 to 60 years. The interval between the starting points of two adjacent age waves is more than 100 years. Natural disturbances,especially forest fires that occurred in this area have had an important effect on the age structure. Most of the age waves resulted from forest fires, but the effect of windfall on the age structure also can be revealed through the analysis of young age waves. Generally, high intensity and low frequency fires are usually followed by one-generation populations, while low intensity and high frequency fires by two- or multi-generation populations.
文摘Anatolian wild sheep is still exists only in Konya-Bozdag Wildlife Development Area in the world. Because of the ongoing illegal hunting, habitat destruction, etc. starting in 1966, only a herd consisting of 35 individuals survived. Thereupon, in the same year, 42,000 ha of fieldshad were declared as a protected areaby the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Following this period, the number has increased to 2,000 in 2005. In the studied area, due to the increasingly exceeded carrying capacity of the land, wild sheep tended to lower the nutritional value of plants. Malnutrition, illnesses, stress, etc. led to death, and population size decreased to 600. Based on this information, there are two main ways to make deteriorated habitat structure suitable for accommodation, growth and proliferation of Anatolian wild sheep individuals. The firstone is about carrying individuals to other natural areas, and the latter is the restoration work in this area. Restoration work on the outside to add nutrients to the living environment （artificial feeding） and arranging habitat work are implemented. Depending on the type of habitat restoration work, restoration on the entire area, plot-plot restoration and radiating from the center to the environment restoration form can be made.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), acute lung injury group (ALI group) and n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz group (Rum group). ALI group and Rum group were established into ALI models by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, and Rum group were given intragastric administration of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz for intervention before model establishment. 12 h after endotoxin injection, the superior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the water content, and the inferior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the contents of AQPs molecules, inflammatory response molecules and oxidative stress molecules. Results: 12 h after endotoxin injection, the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was (6.82±0.97)%. After variance analysis, the water content of lung tissue in ALI group was significantly higher than that in NC group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly lower than those of NC group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of NC group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly higher than those of NC group;the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was significantly lower than that in ALI group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly higher than those of ALI group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of ALI group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly lower than those of ALI group. Conclusion:The n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz reduce the pulmonary edema, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis during the endotoxin-induced ALI in mice.
