The aim of the present study was to identify multi-decadal variability （MDV） relative to the current centennial global warming trend in available observation data.The centennial global wanning trend was first identi...The aim of the present study was to identify multi-decadal variability （MDV） relative to the current centennial global warming trend in available observation data.The centennial global wanning trend was first identified in the global mean surface temperature （STgm） data.The MDV was identified based on three sets of climate variables,including sea surface temperature （SST）,ocean temperature from the surface to 700 m,and the NCEP and ERA40 reanalysis datasets,respectively.All variables were detrended and low-pass filtered.Through three independent EOF analyses of the filtered variables,all results consistently showed two dominant modes,with their respective temporal variability resembling the Pacific Decadal Oscillation/Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation （PDO/IPO） and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation （AMO）.The spatial structure of the PDO-like oscillation is characterized by an ENSO-like structure and hemispheric symmetric features.The structure associated with the AMO-like oscillation exhibits hemispheric asymmetric features with anomalous warm air over Eurasia and warm SST in the Atlantic and Pacific basin north of 10°S,and cold SST over the southern oceans.The Pacific and Atlantic MDV in upper-ocean temperature suggest that they are mutually linked.We also found that the PDO-like and AMO-like oscillations are almost equally important in global-scale MDV by EOF analyses.In the period 1975-2005,the evolution of the two oscillations has given rise to strong temperature trends and has contributed almost half of the STgm warming.Hereon,in the next decade,the two oscillations are expected to slow down the global warming trends.展开更多
The International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry (ICGG)is a research organization to provide systematic,longterm and authoritative global for sustaining natural resources geochemical observation data and environm...The International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry (ICGG)is a research organization to provide systematic,longterm and authoritative global for sustaining natural resources geochemical observation data and environments in the world.展开更多
The introduction of DeepSeek R1,an AI language model developed by the Chinese AI lab DeepSeek,has made a significant impact in the tech world[1].Within a week of its release,the app surged to the top of download chart...The introduction of DeepSeek R1,an AI language model developed by the Chinese AI lab DeepSeek,has made a significant impact in the tech world[1].Within a week of its release,the app surged to the top of download charts,triggered a massive$1 trillion(£800 billion)sell-off in tech stocks,and prompted intense reactions from Silicon Valley.As artificial intelligence(AI)continues to evolve rapidly,it has become a cornerstone of global technological progress,with nations vying to push the boundaries of what AI can achieve.While companies like OpenAI and Nvidia in the United States have led AI research and deployment,the rise of DeepSeek represents a noteworthy shift in the landscape.DeepSeek’s innovative use of reinforcement learning(RL)and model distillation has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models(LLMs),while also advancing more efficient algorithms that reduce computing resource and energy consumption.This paper explores the factors behind DeepSeek’s success and its broader impact on making AI more accessible and efficient,especially for the developing world.By contributing to AI’s global accessibility,China’s advancements hold great potential to positively transform diverse sectors,from agriculture to energy and healthcare,supporting the goal of peaceful coexistence and improving life around the globe.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Council (Grant No. NSC 98-2745-M-002-011-ASP)the National Basic Research Program "973" (Grant No. 2010CB950401, 2012CB955204)+1 种基金the research foundation of NUIST, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41005047)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘The aim of the present study was to identify multi-decadal variability （MDV） relative to the current centennial global warming trend in available observation data.The centennial global wanning trend was first identified in the global mean surface temperature （STgm） data.The MDV was identified based on three sets of climate variables,including sea surface temperature （SST）,ocean temperature from the surface to 700 m,and the NCEP and ERA40 reanalysis datasets,respectively.All variables were detrended and low-pass filtered.Through three independent EOF analyses of the filtered variables,all results consistently showed two dominant modes,with their respective temporal variability resembling the Pacific Decadal Oscillation/Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation （PDO/IPO） and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation （AMO）.The spatial structure of the PDO-like oscillation is characterized by an ENSO-like structure and hemispheric symmetric features.The structure associated with the AMO-like oscillation exhibits hemispheric asymmetric features with anomalous warm air over Eurasia and warm SST in the Atlantic and Pacific basin north of 10°S,and cold SST over the southern oceans.The Pacific and Atlantic MDV in upper-ocean temperature suggest that they are mutually linked.We also found that the PDO-like and AMO-like oscillations are almost equally important in global-scale MDV by EOF analyses.In the period 1975-2005,the evolution of the two oscillations has given rise to strong temperature trends and has contributed almost half of the STgm warming.Hereon,in the next decade,the two oscillations are expected to slow down the global warming trends.
文摘The International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry (ICGG)is a research organization to provide systematic,longterm and authoritative global for sustaining natural resources geochemical observation data and environments in the world.
文摘The introduction of DeepSeek R1,an AI language model developed by the Chinese AI lab DeepSeek,has made a significant impact in the tech world[1].Within a week of its release,the app surged to the top of download charts,triggered a massive$1 trillion(£800 billion)sell-off in tech stocks,and prompted intense reactions from Silicon Valley.As artificial intelligence(AI)continues to evolve rapidly,it has become a cornerstone of global technological progress,with nations vying to push the boundaries of what AI can achieve.While companies like OpenAI and Nvidia in the United States have led AI research and deployment,the rise of DeepSeek represents a noteworthy shift in the landscape.DeepSeek’s innovative use of reinforcement learning(RL)and model distillation has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models(LLMs),while also advancing more efficient algorithms that reduce computing resource and energy consumption.This paper explores the factors behind DeepSeek’s success and its broader impact on making AI more accessible and efficient,especially for the developing world.By contributing to AI’s global accessibility,China’s advancements hold great potential to positively transform diverse sectors,from agriculture to energy and healthcare,supporting the goal of peaceful coexistence and improving life around the globe.
