The Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries held on April 8–9,2025,highlighted the importance of China's neighborhood as“a vital foundation for achieving development and prosperity,a key fron...The Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries held on April 8–9,2025,highlighted the importance of China's neighborhood as“a vital foundation for achieving development and prosperity,a key front for safeguarding national security,a priority area in managing overall diplomacy,and a crucial link in promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.”展开更多
With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are ...With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are a crucial factor affecting agricultural trade and a key variable in AGVC governance.This paper,based on the 2012-2020 University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Index(UIBE GVC Index)and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Non-Tariff Measures Database(UNCTAD NTMs Database),measures the structural heterogeneity and breadth heterogeneity of SPS measures.It also constructs mathematical models and fixed-effects models to explore the impact of SPS heterogeneity on AGVC upgrading.The findings reveal that the heterogeneity of SPS measures exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of agricultural global value chains.Moreover,compared to developed countries,a reduction in SPS measures’heterogeneity demonstrates a more pronounced positive impact on AGVC upgrading in developing countries.展开更多
With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to t...With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to their comparative advantages.Utilizing bilateral agricultural trade data of 66 countries based on the OECD Inter-Country-Input-Output Tables(OECD ICIO)from 2010 to 2018,this study applies social network analysis indicators to measure each country’s eigenvector centrality within AGVC and to examine the current global agricultural trade patterns,with particular attention to the changes in the status of world powers within AGVC.The main findings are as follows:first,with the multilateral and regional trade liberalization,growing numbers of developing nations,including China and India,are engaging in international agricultural trade,which contributes to its diversification;second,as AGVC develops,the structure of global agricultural trade networks has become more decentralized and balanced.This is evidenced by the emergence of additional central nodes,and large nations like the United States,which formerly held the most central position as indicated by a drop in its centrality,are becoming less dominant.展开更多
Given the vital importance of global value chains(GVCs)position for a country's international competitiveness,this paper tries to investigate the impacts of environmental regulation on the GVCs position of China&#...Given the vital importance of global value chains(GVCs)position for a country's international competitiveness,this paper tries to investigate the impacts of environmental regulation on the GVCs position of China's industrial sector.Using the latest value-added decomposition method,we first measure the GVCs position of China's industrial sector from 2003 to 2014.Subsequently,both two-stage least squares(2 SLS)method with panel data and mediating effect model are employed to empirically examine the effects of environmental regulation on China's position in GVCs.The results indicate that environmental regulation has significantly upgraded the GVCs position of China's industrial sector,and the effect is more evident for the sub-sectors with originally lower GVCs position.The mediation effect test shows that increasing R&D investment is an important channel through which environmental regulation affects the GVCs position of China's industrial sector,which verifies the existence of the Porter hypothesis.Further analysis finds that the enhancement of GVCs position of China's industrial sector caused by environmental regulation is mainly achieved through reducing the backward GVCs position.展开更多
By creating a five-country I-O model of China, EU, US, Japan and other countries, this paper decomposes gross export into nine parts and investigates the GVC positions and competitiveness of China and the other three ...By creating a five-country I-O model of China, EU, US, Japan and other countries, this paper decomposes gross export into nine parts and investigates the GVC positions and competitiveness of China and the other three economies for different sectors using real domestic trade in value-added and GVC position indices. In addition, valueadded trade is taken into consideration to identify the labor division characteristics of the four economies in the GVC, which led to the following findings: China participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the downstream yet shows a significant tendency to move upstream in technology-intensive sectors; Japan participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the upstream and boasts an advantage in technology-intensive sectors; the US participates in the multiple links of the GVC at the upstream with superiority in hightechnology sectors; the EU participates in the production and export of intermediate goods and final goods at both ends.展开更多
Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public...Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equilibrium with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in bridging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.展开更多
This paper presents a brief literature review of previous studies methodologies,models,and contexts in studying firms’upgrading in Global Value Chains(GVCs).The key context of this paper is set within Fourth Industri...This paper presents a brief literature review of previous studies methodologies,models,and contexts in studying firms’upgrading in Global Value Chains(GVCs).The key context of this paper is set within Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR).Through the literature review,this paper offers to identify the opportunities of theoretical novelty and ways to elaborate on understanding firm dynamics in Global Value Chains in the context of 4IR.The approach based on Business Model(BM)innovations and new forms of organizing for business(such as platforms)is used to synthesize from previous research findings and build on to newer explanations of firms’entry,learning,and upgrading within GVCs.展开更多
This paper studies the division of labor and economic development under global value chains in North South trade by mainly investigating the changes of production hours and cost per unit along with more and more outpu...This paper studies the division of labor and economic development under global value chains in North South trade by mainly investigating the changes of production hours and cost per unit along with more and more output and increasing trade value in several industries in the U.S., because the U. S. is at the leading position in the division of labor by global value chains. The empirical evidence reveals that more international outsourcing, there will be more detailed division of labor, and the industry unit production time and production cost will show more declining trend year by year. This is consistent with that the global value chains and the outsourcing play more and more important roles in the international division of labor and economic growth in both developed and developing countries, and helps explain the integration of workforce across countries in the global value chains.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has aroused rich discussions about the possible increase in carbon dioxide emission under the arduous global carbon dioxide emission reduction task.Adopting the methods of input-output...The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has aroused rich discussions about the possible increase in carbon dioxide emission under the arduous global carbon dioxide emission reduction task.Adopting the methods of input-output technique and complex network ana-lysis,we first construct a fairer method to trace carbon dioxide emission transfer based on global value chains,then trace the source of carbon dioxide emission transfer to the Silk Roads countries with a long-term multiple regional input-output database.We find that,first,after the proposal of the BRI,the total direct carbon dioxide emissions of the Silk Roads countries and China’s proportion of carbon dioxide emission transfer to the other Silk Roads countries have both declined.Second,the Silk Roads countries are generally the net receivers of carbon dioxide emission transfer,and the inflow is mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries and core countries in other sub-regions.Then,the transfer of carbon dioxide emission accepted by the Silk Roads countries comes mostly from large developing countries,such as China,Russia,and India,and developed countries,such as the United States,Japan,and Germany.The products are mainly concentrated in energy and chemical industries,as well as heavy industries,such as mining and quarrying,and metal products.We suggest that,due to the high degree of spatial and industrial concentrations of carbon dioxide emission transfer,it is necessary to make targeted policies for these countries and industries to reduce these transfers.展开更多
The U.S.administration's decision tounilaterally impose sweeping tariff increas-es on tmported goods represents a signifi-cant challenge to the existing global tradingsystem,which has long been structuredaround mu...The U.S.administration's decision tounilaterally impose sweeping tariff increas-es on tmported goods represents a signifi-cant challenge to the existing global tradingsystem,which has long been structuredaround multilateral(WTO),regional,andbilateral(FTA)trade agreements.展开更多
Cleaner air,lower dependency on oil,and lower emissions are just a few reasons to move away from combustion cars.In the wake of the emergence of more environmentally friendly technology,some countries have decided to ...Cleaner air,lower dependency on oil,and lower emissions are just a few reasons to move away from combustion cars.In the wake of the emergence of more environmentally friendly technology,some countries have decided to move away from traditional cars towards electric vehicles (EVs).The rise of the EV industry has created a shift in energy demand from oil-based to battery-based.展开更多
This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zone...This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.展开更多
Economic globalization in the 21st century has been characterized by the rise and spread of global value chains(GVCs).It faces significant challenges due to increasing domestic and international policy uncertainty in ...Economic globalization in the 21st century has been characterized by the rise and spread of global value chains(GVCs).It faces significant challenges due to increasing domestic and international policy uncertainty in the context of emerging mega risks like geopolitical tensions and climate change.This paper begins by constructing a theoretical model for an open economy to study how risk-averse firms make decisions regarding the sourcing of intermediate inputs in an uncertain environment.Our model solution proposes that firms will source fewer intermediate inputs from countries with more economic uncertainty.An increase in domestic and foreign uncertainty will have opposite impacts on a country's position in GVCs.In this sense,we argue that a country tends to move downstream along GVCs if its own economic policies become more uncertain,and it tends to move upstream with an increase in the uncertainty of its trading partner countries.Our regression analyses,based on data including the World Input-Output Database,World Development Indicators,the UN Comtrade database,and the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index,provide empirical support for this model-based conclusion.Our findings highlight that a nation must consider foreign economic policy uncertainty and maintain domestic policy stability to participate in GVCs.展开更多
This paper provides indicators on the length, location, and linkages of global value chains （GVCs） across BRICS countries. These indicators are calculated at the country level using the WIOD database. We find that, ...This paper provides indicators on the length, location, and linkages of global value chains （GVCs） across BRICS countries. These indicators are calculated at the country level using the WIOD database. We find that, as Chinese GVCs lengthen, production stages are increasingly concentrated in China. At the same time, the ＂upstreamness＂ of Chinese production stages in GVCs is also increasing. Compared with China, other BRICS countries＇ positions in GVCs remain relatively unchanged. Since 2000, a new phenomenon has emerged; i.e., some service sectors within the BRICS have begun to participate in GVCs.展开更多
This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm...This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.展开更多
The new technological revolution has not only created the digital economy,but has also accelerated the digital transformation of global value chains(GVCs).Digital technologies have reshaped the specialization within g...The new technological revolution has not only created the digital economy,but has also accelerated the digital transformation of global value chains(GVCs).Digital technologies have reshaped the specialization within global value chains by reducing costs,enabling industrial chains and increasing added value in exports.However,GVCs also face salient risks in the digital economy era,as reflected in their spatial layouts.The enabling effect of digital technologies has led to the shortening and reshoring of global value chains.In value chain governance,dominant countries have imposed technological embargoes on ascendant countries,depriving them of key technologies.In the distribution of value,the imbalances in the specialization within GVCs and digital divides have aggravated global economic inequities.Given the new characteristics and risks of GVCs in the era of the digital economy,as well as the“dual circulation"'development paradigm,China's industrial chains and firms moving up the GVCs need to regard data,the fifth type of production factor,as a key to the enabling effect of the digital economy on industries.These measures will advance the digital transformation of traditional industries and the development of the digital industry,as well as allow industrial chains and innovation chains to work in tandem to facilitate favorable domestic circulation.At the firm level,enterprises should further develop endogenous innovation capacity to become leaders in innovation and free themselves from dependence on foreign sources for key technologies.展开更多
By building a composite index for measuring national digital economy development and sectoral digital intensities,this paper derives metrics of industry-level digital economy penetration under the framework of special...By building a composite index for measuring national digital economy development and sectoral digital intensities,this paper derives metrics of industry-level digital economy penetration under the framework of specialization within global value chains(GVCs),systematically analyzes the mechanisms through which digital economy development affects GVCs upstreamness,and examines the moderating effect of institutional quality.The study shows that different dimensions of digital economy development significantly boost GVCs upstreamness,a conclusion that holds even after accounting for endogeneity through dynamic panel models with instrumental variables based on past data.Further research shows that technological innovation capabilities and resource allocation efficiency have gradually become important channels for digital economy development to boost GVCs upstreamness.Adding indicators on institutional quality reveals that greater institutional quality not only directly promotes GVCs upstreamness but also reinforces the impact of digital economy development on higher GVCs positioning.展开更多
This study draws a historical picture of conceptual linkages of innovation systems(IS)and global value chains(GVC).We used a co-citation technique to map the evolution of these two fields since 1990.We highlighted the...This study draws a historical picture of conceptual linkages of innovation systems(IS)and global value chains(GVC).We used a co-citation technique to map the evolution of these two fields since 1990.We highlighted the connecting nodes over the past three decades.The first decade witnessed a connection between national innovation systems(NIS)and GVC,mediated by regional studies related to industrial clusters and district-based innovation.The tradeoff between tacit sticky local and codified transferable global knowledge and innovation and learning's importance in upgrading in GVC generated two new routes in the second decade.In the last decade,although these routes are retained,their mediating nodes have changed with the literature on technology and sustainable transition from IS and the path dependency role in the evolution of districts in global production networks.Recent trends indicate that evolutionary views on economic geography and catch-up may open new opportunities to link the two,and some lessons highlight the need for more structured interactions in the future.展开更多
International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ...International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ascent,using an undirected weighted network of joint patent applications and firm-level data.By analyzing the network’s structural characteristics and its evolution,we explore the mechanisms through which collaboration drives the rise of manufacturing enterprises within global value chains.Our findings show that:(1)China’s rapidly expanding collaborative innovation network features a distinct“core-periphery”structure,with leading firms,universities,and government research institutions at its center.(2)By strengthening market power and enabling firms to take on more advanced production,collaborative innovation contributes to a higher domestic value-added rate in exports.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of collaborative innovation on moving up the value chain is particularly evident for firms with strong production and technology absorption capabilities,those positioned lower in the value chain,and those facing fewer trade barriers.展开更多
文摘The Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries held on April 8–9,2025,highlighted the importance of China's neighborhood as“a vital foundation for achieving development and prosperity,a key front for safeguarding national security,a priority area in managing overall diplomacy,and a crucial link in promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.”
文摘With the deepening of international agricultural division of labor,trade methods have shifted from traditional bilateral trade to agricultural global value chain(AGVC)trade.Sanitary and Phytosanitary(SPS)measures are a crucial factor affecting agricultural trade and a key variable in AGVC governance.This paper,based on the 2012-2020 University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Index(UIBE GVC Index)and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Non-Tariff Measures Database(UNCTAD NTMs Database),measures the structural heterogeneity and breadth heterogeneity of SPS measures.It also constructs mathematical models and fixed-effects models to explore the impact of SPS heterogeneity on AGVC upgrading.The findings reveal that the heterogeneity of SPS measures exerts a significant inhibitory effect on the upgrading of agricultural global value chains.Moreover,compared to developed countries,a reduction in SPS measures’heterogeneity demonstrates a more pronounced positive impact on AGVC upgrading in developing countries.
文摘With the Uruguay Round bringing agricultural trade into multilateral regulation,the major countries have actively participated in agricultural global value chains(AGVC)and occupied an important position according to their comparative advantages.Utilizing bilateral agricultural trade data of 66 countries based on the OECD Inter-Country-Input-Output Tables(OECD ICIO)from 2010 to 2018,this study applies social network analysis indicators to measure each country’s eigenvector centrality within AGVC and to examine the current global agricultural trade patterns,with particular attention to the changes in the status of world powers within AGVC.The main findings are as follows:first,with the multilateral and regional trade liberalization,growing numbers of developing nations,including China and India,are engaging in international agricultural trade,which contributes to its diversification;second,as AGVC develops,the structure of global agricultural trade networks has become more decentralized and balanced.This is evidenced by the emergence of additional central nodes,and large nations like the United States,which formerly held the most central position as indicated by a drop in its centrality,are becoming less dominant.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(under Grants No.72073105,71774122 and 71874064)。
文摘Given the vital importance of global value chains(GVCs)position for a country's international competitiveness,this paper tries to investigate the impacts of environmental regulation on the GVCs position of China's industrial sector.Using the latest value-added decomposition method,we first measure the GVCs position of China's industrial sector from 2003 to 2014.Subsequently,both two-stage least squares(2 SLS)method with panel data and mediating effect model are employed to empirically examine the effects of environmental regulation on China's position in GVCs.The results indicate that environmental regulation has significantly upgraded the GVCs position of China's industrial sector,and the effect is more evident for the sub-sectors with originally lower GVCs position.The mediation effect test shows that increasing R&D investment is an important channel through which environmental regulation affects the GVCs position of China's industrial sector,which verifies the existence of the Porter hypothesis.Further analysis finds that the enhancement of GVCs position of China's industrial sector caused by environmental regulation is mainly achieved through reducing the backward GVCs position.
基金supported by“12th Five-year Plan of Guangdong Province for Philosophical and Social Sciences”“Study on the Effects of Rising Labor Cost on the Technical Innovation of Heterogeneous Exporting Firms”(Grant No.GD14XYJ10)
文摘By creating a five-country I-O model of China, EU, US, Japan and other countries, this paper decomposes gross export into nine parts and investigates the GVC positions and competitiveness of China and the other three economies for different sectors using real domestic trade in value-added and GVC position indices. In addition, valueadded trade is taken into consideration to identify the labor division characteristics of the four economies in the GVC, which led to the following findings: China participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the downstream yet shows a significant tendency to move upstream in technology-intensive sectors; Japan participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the upstream and boasts an advantage in technology-intensive sectors; the US participates in the multiple links of the GVC at the upstream with superiority in hightechnology sectors; the EU participates in the production and export of intermediate goods and final goods at both ends.
文摘Supply and demand of public goods provide a brand-new theoretical framework for research on the creation of inclusive global value chains(GVCs)under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The supply of international public goods is an important positive variable for creating global value chains under the BRI,in which China and other developing countries involved,as well as their small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),are microscopic entities.When the BRI’s supply of instrumental,institutional,and conceptual international public goods is in equilibrium with the demand of GVC entities for public goods,the BRI creates necessary conditions for the extension of GVCs.GVCs created under the BRI are of great value in promoting inclusiveness,fair income distribution,balanced regional development,and the restructuring of international economic governance.Under the current GVC system,some developed countries have been wary about the BRI and even developed misgivings and biases.Nevertheless,developed countries may play an active role in bridging gaps in the BRI’s development and complement their respective strengths with developing countries for win-win cooperation.
基金Acknowledgement:This research has been funded by the CatChain project under grant agreement No.778398—Marie Skłodowska Curie Action H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017.
文摘This paper presents a brief literature review of previous studies methodologies,models,and contexts in studying firms’upgrading in Global Value Chains(GVCs).The key context of this paper is set within Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR).Through the literature review,this paper offers to identify the opportunities of theoretical novelty and ways to elaborate on understanding firm dynamics in Global Value Chains in the context of 4IR.The approach based on Business Model(BM)innovations and new forms of organizing for business(such as platforms)is used to synthesize from previous research findings and build on to newer explanations of firms’entry,learning,and upgrading within GVCs.
文摘This paper studies the division of labor and economic development under global value chains in North South trade by mainly investigating the changes of production hours and cost per unit along with more and more output and increasing trade value in several industries in the U.S., because the U. S. is at the leading position in the division of labor by global value chains. The empirical evidence reveals that more international outsourcing, there will be more detailed division of labor, and the industry unit production time and production cost will show more declining trend year by year. This is consistent with that the global value chains and the outsourcing play more and more important roles in the international division of labor and economic growth in both developed and developing countries, and helps explain the integration of workforce across countries in the global value chains.
基金Under the auspices of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M703182)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701138)。
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)has aroused rich discussions about the possible increase in carbon dioxide emission under the arduous global carbon dioxide emission reduction task.Adopting the methods of input-output technique and complex network ana-lysis,we first construct a fairer method to trace carbon dioxide emission transfer based on global value chains,then trace the source of carbon dioxide emission transfer to the Silk Roads countries with a long-term multiple regional input-output database.We find that,first,after the proposal of the BRI,the total direct carbon dioxide emissions of the Silk Roads countries and China’s proportion of carbon dioxide emission transfer to the other Silk Roads countries have both declined.Second,the Silk Roads countries are generally the net receivers of carbon dioxide emission transfer,and the inflow is mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries and core countries in other sub-regions.Then,the transfer of carbon dioxide emission accepted by the Silk Roads countries comes mostly from large developing countries,such as China,Russia,and India,and developed countries,such as the United States,Japan,and Germany.The products are mainly concentrated in energy and chemical industries,as well as heavy industries,such as mining and quarrying,and metal products.We suggest that,due to the high degree of spatial and industrial concentrations of carbon dioxide emission transfer,it is necessary to make targeted policies for these countries and industries to reduce these transfers.
文摘The U.S.administration's decision tounilaterally impose sweeping tariff increas-es on tmported goods represents a signifi-cant challenge to the existing global tradingsystem,which has long been structuredaround multilateral(WTO),regional,andbilateral(FTA)trade agreements.
文摘Cleaner air,lower dependency on oil,and lower emissions are just a few reasons to move away from combustion cars.In the wake of the emergence of more environmentally friendly technology,some countries have decided to move away from traditional cars towards electric vehicles (EVs).The rise of the EV industry has created a shift in energy demand from oil-based to battery-based.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Hainan Province Marxist Theory Research and Development Program,titled“Research on the Opportunities and Challenges of the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement(DEPA)for the Construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port”(Grant Number:2023HNMGC02).
文摘This study utilizes panel data from 293 Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above,spanning from 2013 to 2022,to empirically examine the net effects and underlying mechanisms of establishing pilot free trade zones(FTZs)on integration into the digital global value chain(DGVC).The results demonstrate that the establishment of pilot FTZs positively promotes integration into the DGVC and generates a spatial spillover effect.Compared to coastal areas and small-and medium-sized cities,pilot FTZs have a more significant impact on the integration of inland regions and large cities into the DGVC.Mechanism tests reveal that pilot FTZs drive integration into the DGVC primarily by promoting digital industry agglomeration and enhancing the technological content of exports.Furthermore,bilateral foreign direct investment and digital trade rules positively amplify the impact of pilot FTZs on integration into the DGVC.Therefore,this study recommends comprehensively deepening the development of pilot FTZs,consistently enhancing the technological content of exports,and proactively establishing a sound digital trade regulatory framework.These recommendations offer valuable insights for DGVC integration and the construction of a high-standard free trade network.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72273125)the Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(Nos.22NDQN203YB,22ZJQN13YB)the JapaneseKAKENproject(No.24K04853).
文摘Economic globalization in the 21st century has been characterized by the rise and spread of global value chains(GVCs).It faces significant challenges due to increasing domestic and international policy uncertainty in the context of emerging mega risks like geopolitical tensions and climate change.This paper begins by constructing a theoretical model for an open economy to study how risk-averse firms make decisions regarding the sourcing of intermediate inputs in an uncertain environment.Our model solution proposes that firms will source fewer intermediate inputs from countries with more economic uncertainty.An increase in domestic and foreign uncertainty will have opposite impacts on a country's position in GVCs.In this sense,we argue that a country tends to move downstream along GVCs if its own economic policies become more uncertain,and it tends to move upstream with an increase in the uncertainty of its trading partner countries.Our regression analyses,based on data including the World Input-Output Database,World Development Indicators,the UN Comtrade database,and the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index,provide empirical support for this model-based conclusion.Our findings highlight that a nation must consider foreign economic policy uncertainty and maintain domestic policy stability to participate in GVCs.
文摘This paper provides indicators on the length, location, and linkages of global value chains （GVCs） across BRICS countries. These indicators are calculated at the country level using the WIOD database. We find that, as Chinese GVCs lengthen, production stages are increasingly concentrated in China. At the same time, the ＂upstreamness＂ of Chinese production stages in GVCs is also increasing. Compared with China, other BRICS countries＇ positions in GVCs remain relatively unchanged. Since 2000, a new phenomenon has emerged; i.e., some service sectors within the BRICS have begun to participate in GVCs.
文摘This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.
基金supported by the Department of Research and Publicity of China Association for Science and Technology“Investigation on Enterprise Demand and Technology Supply Under the New Pattern of Double Circulation”(No.20205441436)the Emergency Management Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China“Research on the Innovation System,Mechanism,Organizational Model and Policy to Solve the Blockade of Key and Core Technologies in China”(No.71941026)the Major project of Beijing Social Science Foundation“Research on Strengthening National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces”(No.21LLGL002).
文摘The new technological revolution has not only created the digital economy,but has also accelerated the digital transformation of global value chains(GVCs).Digital technologies have reshaped the specialization within global value chains by reducing costs,enabling industrial chains and increasing added value in exports.However,GVCs also face salient risks in the digital economy era,as reflected in their spatial layouts.The enabling effect of digital technologies has led to the shortening and reshoring of global value chains.In value chain governance,dominant countries have imposed technological embargoes on ascendant countries,depriving them of key technologies.In the distribution of value,the imbalances in the specialization within GVCs and digital divides have aggravated global economic inequities.Given the new characteristics and risks of GVCs in the era of the digital economy,as well as the“dual circulation"'development paradigm,China's industrial chains and firms moving up the GVCs need to regard data,the fifth type of production factor,as a key to the enabling effect of the digital economy on industries.These measures will advance the digital transformation of traditional industries and the development of the digital industry,as well as allow industrial chains and innovation chains to work in tandem to facilitate favorable domestic circulation.At the firm level,enterprises should further develop endogenous innovation capacity to become leaders in innovation and free themselves from dependence on foreign sources for key technologies.
基金This study is supported by the National Social Science Foundation(NSSF)Project“Impact of Services Liberalization in High-quality Development Stage on Chinese Industry Upgrading(No.18AJY012).”
文摘By building a composite index for measuring national digital economy development and sectoral digital intensities,this paper derives metrics of industry-level digital economy penetration under the framework of specialization within global value chains(GVCs),systematically analyzes the mechanisms through which digital economy development affects GVCs upstreamness,and examines the moderating effect of institutional quality.The study shows that different dimensions of digital economy development significantly boost GVCs upstreamness,a conclusion that holds even after accounting for endogeneity through dynamic panel models with instrumental variables based on past data.Further research shows that technological innovation capabilities and resource allocation efficiency have gradually become important channels for digital economy development to boost GVCs upstreamness.Adding indicators on institutional quality reveals that greater institutional quality not only directly promotes GVCs upstreamness but also reinforces the impact of digital economy development on higher GVCs positioning.
文摘This study draws a historical picture of conceptual linkages of innovation systems(IS)and global value chains(GVC).We used a co-citation technique to map the evolution of these two fields since 1990.We highlighted the connecting nodes over the past three decades.The first decade witnessed a connection between national innovation systems(NIS)and GVC,mediated by regional studies related to industrial clusters and district-based innovation.The tradeoff between tacit sticky local and codified transferable global knowledge and innovation and learning's importance in upgrading in GVC generated two new routes in the second decade.In the last decade,although these routes are retained,their mediating nodes have changed with the literature on technology and sustainable transition from IS and the path dependency role in the evolution of districts in global production networks.Recent trends indicate that evolutionary views on economic geography and catch-up may open new opportunities to link the two,and some lessons highlight the need for more structured interactions in the future.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)“Research on Collaborative Innovation and Global Value Chain Upgrading in Manufacturing”(Grant No.23CJL019)“Research on the Advantages of Ultra-Large-Scale Market and the Construction of Modern Industrial System”(Grant No.23&ZD041).
文摘International trade research has long sought to investigate how manufacturers can upgrade within global value chains and escape the“low-end trap”.This paper examines how collaborative innovation can facilitate this ascent,using an undirected weighted network of joint patent applications and firm-level data.By analyzing the network’s structural characteristics and its evolution,we explore the mechanisms through which collaboration drives the rise of manufacturing enterprises within global value chains.Our findings show that:(1)China’s rapidly expanding collaborative innovation network features a distinct“core-periphery”structure,with leading firms,universities,and government research institutions at its center.(2)By strengthening market power and enabling firms to take on more advanced production,collaborative innovation contributes to a higher domestic value-added rate in exports.(3)Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of collaborative innovation on moving up the value chain is particularly evident for firms with strong production and technology absorption capabilities,those positioned lower in the value chain,and those facing fewer trade barriers.
