The brokering approach can be successfully used to overcome the crucial question of searching among enormous amount of data （raw and/or processed） produced and stored in different information systems. In this paper,...The brokering approach can be successfully used to overcome the crucial question of searching among enormous amount of data （raw and/or processed） produced and stored in different information systems. In this paper, authors describe the Data Management System the DMS （Data Management System） developed by INGV （Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia） to support the brokering system GEOSS （Global Earth Observation System of Systems） adopted for the ARCA （Arctic Present Climate Change and Past Extreme Events） project. This DMS includes heterogeneous data that contributes to the ARCA objective （www.arcaproject.it） focusing on multi-parametric and multi-disciplinary studies on the mechanism （s） behind the release of large volumes of cold and fresh water from melting of ice caps. The DMS is accessible directly at the www.arca.rm.ingv.it, or through the IADC （Italian Arctic Data Center） at http：//arcticnode.dta.cnr.it/iadc/gi-portal/index.jsp that interoperates with the GEOSS brokering system （http：//www.geoportal.org0 making easy and fast the search of specific data set and its URL.展开更多
To tackle the planetary environmental and climate crisis and meet the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),we must fully leverage the potential of Earth observations(EO).This involves integrating global...To tackle the planetary environmental and climate crisis and meet the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),we must fully leverage the potential of Earth observations(EO).This involves integrating globally sourced data on the atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,lithosphere,along with ecological and socio-economic information.By harmonizing and integrating these diverse data sources,we can more effectively incorporate observational data into multi-scale modeling and artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.This paper is based on discussions from the“Towards Global Earth Observatory”workshop held from May 8-10,2023,organized by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)and the Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center(ACCC),in collaboration with the Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)at the University of Helsinki.The current state of EO and data repositories is fragmented,highlighting the need for a more integrated approach to establish a new global Ground-Based Earth Observatory(GGBEO).Here,we summarize the current status of selected in-situ and ground-based remote sensing observation systems and outline future actions and recommendations to meet scientific,societal,and economic needs.In addition,we identify key steps to create a coordinated and comprehensive GGBEO system that leverages existing investments,networks,and infrastructures.This system would integrate regional and global ground-based in situ and remote sensing systems,marine,and airborne observational data.An integrated approach should aim for seamless coordination,interoperable and harmonized data repositories,easily searchable and accessible data,and sustainable long-term funding.展开更多
This paper presents the past,present and future status of the Russian VLBI network"Quasar".This network has been developed for at least 20 years by the Institute of Applied Astronomy of the Russian Academy o...This paper presents the past,present and future status of the Russian VLBI network"Quasar".This network has been developed for at least 20 years by the Institute of Applied Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences(IAA RAS).The equipment installed currently at each"Quasar"station and the facilities for processing observational data are described briefly.The latest results are presented,including the Earth orientation parameters(EOP)determined from the"Quasar"VLBI data and comparison with those from other processing centers.Our future plans to extend the"Quasar"VLB I network to the east and to the west will be carried out by establishing the Ussurijsk station in the Far East and the RussianCuban station in the west.They are considered in the context of the Russian section activity in the GGOS project.The expected improvement of the EOP determination accuracy can be obtained within the future configuration of the"Quasar"network,which is proved by simulation.展开更多
The third annual workshop of the International Geoscience Programme Project 565“Developing the Global Geodetic Observing System into a Monitoring System for the Global Water Cycle,”which was jointly organized by IGC...The third annual workshop of the International Geoscience Programme Project 565“Developing the Global Geodetic Observing System into a Monitoring System for the Global Water Cycle,”which was jointly organized by IGCP 565,the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)and the Global Geodetic Observing System(GGOS),was held on 11-13 October 2010 at the University of Nevada,Reno,in Reno,Nevada,USA.During the three days,a total of 57 participants from eleven countries in four continents discussed the status,science challenges and approach to addressing the challenge of utilizing geodetic observations for the monitoring of changes in terrestrial water storage.展开更多
Human activities have impacted 77%of the terrestrial ecosystems(excluding Antarctica),and the remaining areas are becoming increasingly endangered.Mapping spatiotemporal dynamics of Human Footprint has been used to ev...Human activities have impacted 77%of the terrestrial ecosystems(excluding Antarctica),and the remaining areas are becoming increasingly endangered.Mapping spatiotemporal dynamics of Human Footprint has been used to evaluate the cumulative interference on terrestrial environments globally.However,fences and hydropower,two widespread and rapidly expanding infrastructures,have not been considered regarding Human Footprint,despite their complicated and extensive effects on ecosystem functioning and species survival.Previous work has proved that fences increase habitat fragmentation,disrupt migratory routes,inadvertently trap and kill wildlife,and hinder genetic exchange.Hydropower construction also caused habitat loss,fragmentation,and degradation.These impacts have received global concern,but fences around the world are difficult to be detected due to the limitations of current cartographic technologies.Furthermore,the effect of hydropower on the terrestrial environment has been underestimated,making the research on this topic at a global scale still in its infancy.Therefore,building an observation network of global fences and hydropower is a necessary step to move forward in the assessment of the impact of human activities on our planet,but also to better provide scientific support for policy-making regarding global biodiversity conservation,the identification of protected areas,and the prioritization of ecological restoration areas.展开更多
Establishment of the Russian section in the framework of Global Geodetic Observing System （GGOS） is under progress. New components of ＂Quasar＂ network observatories, which are included into GGOS global network as ...Establishment of the Russian section in the framework of Global Geodetic Observing System （GGOS） is under progress. New components of ＂Quasar＂ network observatories, which are included into GGOS global network as core stations, are presented. Recent developments include： two new generation radio telescopes with 13 m antennas at Badary and Zelenchukskaya observatories, water vapor radiometers installed at all observatories and software correlator at the Institute of Applied Astronomy. New and potential developments within other networks belonging to different agencies are also considered in the context of widening of Russian section activity in GGOS project, The paper gives a short overview of status, new components and plans, concerning 5 sub-networks of Federal Agency of Scientific Organi- zations, Roskosmos, Rosstandard, and Rosreestr. Short overview of the plans on creating Data and Analysis Distributed Center is also ~iven.展开更多
November 21-22,2011,Johannesburg,South Africa The fourth annual workshop of the International Geoscience Programme Project 565“Developing the Global Geodetic Observing System into a Monitoring System for the Global W...November 21-22,2011,Johannesburg,South Africa The fourth annual workshop of the International Geoscience Programme Project 565“Developing the Global Geodetic Observing System into a Monitoring System for the Global Water Cycle,”which was jointly organized by IGCP 565,the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)and the Global Geodetic Observing System(GGOS),was held on November 21-22,2011 at the Witwatersrand University,Johannesburg,South Africa.展开更多
In order to damp the heave motion of surface effect ships(SESs),a sliding mode controller with a disturbance observer was designed.At first,a disturbance observer was proposed to estimate the unknown time-varying dist...In order to damp the heave motion of surface effect ships(SESs),a sliding mode controller with a disturbance observer was designed.At first,a disturbance observer was proposed to estimate the unknown time-varying disturbance acting on SESs due to waves.Then,based on the disturbance,a slide mode controller was designed to minimize the magnitude of SES's heave motion position.It was theoretically proved that the designed sliding mode controller with the disturbance observer could guarantee the stability of the closed-loop heave motion control system of SESs.Simulations on a Norwegian Navy's SES were carried out and the simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller with the disturbance observer.展开更多
The tropopause chemical structure(TCS)is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)and plays a role in the Earth’s climate.However,this role is still not fully understood in East Asia,where active STE and h...The tropopause chemical structure(TCS)is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)and plays a role in the Earth’s climate.However,this role is still not fully understood in East Asia,where active STE and high anthropogenic emissions coexist.Using airborne measurements of trace gases,including O_(3),CO,and H_(2)O,we reveal the variations in TCS during two consecutive cut-off lows(COLs),an important trigger of STE.We demonstrate the important roles of two-way STE and long-range transport processes in delivering natural and anthropogenic signatures in the TCS.The former COL case shows a normal pattern of TCS,consisting of stratospheric and tropospheric air and a mixture of them.The latter,as a novel type of STE,exhibits an anomalous and complex structure due to deep convective injection into stratospheric intrusions and advection of remote marine air.The distinct mixture of stratospheric air and anthropogenic pollution alters the TCS,with horizontal and vertical scales estimated to be 200 and 1 km,respectively.Moreover,air of maritime origin,which is convectively transported and strongly dehydrated during long-range transport,is also identified.Such a complex TCS can produce unique chemical environments that modulate cloud physics and atmospheric radiation.From a climatological perspective,events of these anomalous airmasses are nonnegligible in terms of their frequency and chemical impact,as revealed by multiyear observations.These new insights advance our understanding of the mixing of natural and anthropogenic species that shape the TCS in East Asia and have implications for climate change.展开更多
Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this paper consists of two parts.In the previous Part 1,existing EO optical sensory imagederived Level 2/Analysi...Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this paper consists of two parts.In the previous Part 1,existing EO optical sensory imagederived Level 2/Analysis Ready Data(ARD)products and processes are critically compared,to overcome their lack of harmonization/standardization/interoperability and suitability in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.In the present Part 2,original contributions comprise,at the Marr five levels of system understanding:(1)an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD co-product pair requirements specification.First,in the pursuit of third-level semantic/ontological interoperability,a novel ARD symbolic(categorical and semantic)co-product,known as Scene Classification Map(SCM),adopts an augmented Cloud versus Not-Cloud taxonomy,whose Not-Cloud class legend complies with the standard fully-nested Land Cover Classification System’s Dichotomous Phase taxonomy proposed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.Second,a novel ARD subsymbolic numerical co-product,specifically,a panchromatic or multispectral EO image whose dimensionless digital numbers are radiometrically calibrated into a physical unit of radiometric measure,ranging from top-of-atmosphere reflectance to surface reflectance and surface albedo values,in a five-stage radiometric correction sequence.(2)An original ARD process requirements specification.(3)An innovative ARD processing system design(architecture),where stepwise SCM generation and stepwise SCM-conditional EO optical image radiometric correction are alternated in sequence.(4)An original modular hierarchical hybrid(combined deductive and inductive)computer vision subsystem design,provided with feedback loops,where software solutions at the Marr two shallowest levels of system understanding,specifically,algorithm and implementation,are selected from the scientific literature,to benefit from their technology readiness level as proof of feasibility,required in addition to proven suitability.To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,the proposed EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD product-pair and process reference standard is highlighted as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.展开更多
Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched An...Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Analysis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gold standard as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal”(enabling)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typically affected by the so-called data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabled EO big raster-based numerical data and vector-based categorical(symbolic,semi-symbolic or subsymbolic)information cube management systems,eligible for semantic content-based image retrieval and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the development of an ever-increasing ensemble of“vertical”(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)value–adding information products and services,suitable for a potentially huge worldwide market of institutional and private end-users of space technology.For the sake of readability,this paper consists of two parts.In the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critically revised for harmonization across the multidisciplinary domain of cognitive science.In short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two complementary notions of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal/inherently ill-posed information-as-data-interpretation.Moreover,buzzword“artificial intelligence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial Narrow Intelligence as part-without-inheritance-of AGI.Second,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabulary of multidisciplinary terms,existing EO optical sensory image-derived Level 2/ARD products and processes are investigated at the Marr five levels of understanding of an information processing system.To overcome their drawbacks,an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD product-pair and process gold standard is proposed in the subsequent Part 2.展开更多
文摘The brokering approach can be successfully used to overcome the crucial question of searching among enormous amount of data （raw and/or processed） produced and stored in different information systems. In this paper, authors describe the Data Management System the DMS （Data Management System） developed by INGV （Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia） to support the brokering system GEOSS （Global Earth Observation System of Systems） adopted for the ARCA （Arctic Present Climate Change and Past Extreme Events） project. This DMS includes heterogeneous data that contributes to the ARCA objective （www.arcaproject.it） focusing on multi-parametric and multi-disciplinary studies on the mechanism （s） behind the release of large volumes of cold and fresh water from melting of ice caps. The DMS is accessible directly at the www.arca.rm.ingv.it, or through the IADC （Italian Arctic Data Center） at http：//arcticnode.dta.cnr.it/iadc/gi-portal/index.jsp that interoperates with the GEOSS brokering system （http：//www.geoportal.org0 making easy and fast the search of specific data set and its URL.
基金supported by the Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center(ACCC)Flagship,funded by the Research Council of Finland(Contract No(s).337549,357902,359340).
文摘To tackle the planetary environmental and climate crisis and meet the United Nations’Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),we must fully leverage the potential of Earth observations(EO).This involves integrating globally sourced data on the atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,lithosphere,along with ecological and socio-economic information.By harmonizing and integrating these diverse data sources,we can more effectively incorporate observational data into multi-scale modeling and artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.This paper is based on discussions from the“Towards Global Earth Observatory”workshop held from May 8-10,2023,organized by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)and the Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center(ACCC),in collaboration with the Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)at the University of Helsinki.The current state of EO and data repositories is fragmented,highlighting the need for a more integrated approach to establish a new global Ground-Based Earth Observatory(GGBEO).Here,we summarize the current status of selected in-situ and ground-based remote sensing observation systems and outline future actions and recommendations to meet scientific,societal,and economic needs.In addition,we identify key steps to create a coordinated and comprehensive GGBEO system that leverages existing investments,networks,and infrastructures.This system would integrate regional and global ground-based in situ and remote sensing systems,marine,and airborne observational data.An integrated approach should aim for seamless coordination,interoperable and harmonized data repositories,easily searchable and accessible data,and sustainable long-term funding.
文摘This paper presents the past,present and future status of the Russian VLBI network"Quasar".This network has been developed for at least 20 years by the Institute of Applied Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences(IAA RAS).The equipment installed currently at each"Quasar"station and the facilities for processing observational data are described briefly.The latest results are presented,including the Earth orientation parameters(EOP)determined from the"Quasar"VLBI data and comparison with those from other processing centers.Our future plans to extend the"Quasar"VLB I network to the east and to the west will be carried out by establishing the Ussurijsk station in the Far East and the RussianCuban station in the west.They are considered in the context of the Russian section activity in the GGOS project.The expected improvement of the EOP determination accuracy can be obtained within the future configuration of the"Quasar"network,which is proved by simulation.
文摘The third annual workshop of the International Geoscience Programme Project 565“Developing the Global Geodetic Observing System into a Monitoring System for the Global Water Cycle,”which was jointly organized by IGCP 565,the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)and the Global Geodetic Observing System(GGOS),was held on 11-13 October 2010 at the University of Nevada,Reno,in Reno,Nevada,USA.During the three days,a total of 57 participants from eleven countries in four continents discussed the status,science challenges and approach to addressing the challenge of utilizing geodetic observations for the monitoring of changes in terrestrial water storage.
基金the Second Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Grant No.2019QZKK0405)the investiga-tion and monitoring project on Rational construction and utilization of grassland fence in China National Park(QHXH-2021-07-19-package 2).
文摘Human activities have impacted 77%of the terrestrial ecosystems(excluding Antarctica),and the remaining areas are becoming increasingly endangered.Mapping spatiotemporal dynamics of Human Footprint has been used to evaluate the cumulative interference on terrestrial environments globally.However,fences and hydropower,two widespread and rapidly expanding infrastructures,have not been considered regarding Human Footprint,despite their complicated and extensive effects on ecosystem functioning and species survival.Previous work has proved that fences increase habitat fragmentation,disrupt migratory routes,inadvertently trap and kill wildlife,and hinder genetic exchange.Hydropower construction also caused habitat loss,fragmentation,and degradation.These impacts have received global concern,but fences around the world are difficult to be detected due to the limitations of current cartographic technologies.Furthermore,the effect of hydropower on the terrestrial environment has been underestimated,making the research on this topic at a global scale still in its infancy.Therefore,building an observation network of global fences and hydropower is a necessary step to move forward in the assessment of the impact of human activities on our planet,but also to better provide scientific support for policy-making regarding global biodiversity conservation,the identification of protected areas,and the prioritization of ecological restoration areas.
文摘Establishment of the Russian section in the framework of Global Geodetic Observing System （GGOS） is under progress. New components of ＂Quasar＂ network observatories, which are included into GGOS global network as core stations, are presented. Recent developments include： two new generation radio telescopes with 13 m antennas at Badary and Zelenchukskaya observatories, water vapor radiometers installed at all observatories and software correlator at the Institute of Applied Astronomy. New and potential developments within other networks belonging to different agencies are also considered in the context of widening of Russian section activity in GGOS project, The paper gives a short overview of status, new components and plans, concerning 5 sub-networks of Federal Agency of Scientific Organi- zations, Roskosmos, Rosstandard, and Rosreestr. Short overview of the plans on creating Data and Analysis Distributed Center is also ~iven.
文摘November 21-22,2011,Johannesburg,South Africa The fourth annual workshop of the International Geoscience Programme Project 565“Developing the Global Geodetic Observing System into a Monitoring System for the Global Water Cycle,”which was jointly organized by IGCP 565,the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)and the Global Geodetic Observing System(GGOS),was held on November 21-22,2011 at the Witwatersrand University,Johannesburg,South Africa.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51579026,51079013)Program for Excellent Talents in Universities of Liaoning Province,China(No.LR2015007)+1 种基金Project of Resource and Social Security of Ministry of Human Province,ChinaFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.3132016020)
文摘In order to damp the heave motion of surface effect ships(SESs),a sliding mode controller with a disturbance observer was designed.At first,a disturbance observer was proposed to estimate the unknown time-varying disturbance acting on SESs due to waves.Then,based on the disturbance,a slide mode controller was designed to minimize the magnitude of SES's heave motion position.It was theoretically proved that the designed sliding mode controller with the disturbance observer could guarantee the stability of the closed-loop heave motion control system of SESs.Simulations on a Norwegian Navy's SES were carried out and the simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller with the disturbance observer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42105079)Computing resources used in this study were provided by Fujian Normal University High Performance Computation Center(FNU-HPCC).
文摘The tropopause chemical structure(TCS)is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)and plays a role in the Earth’s climate.However,this role is still not fully understood in East Asia,where active STE and high anthropogenic emissions coexist.Using airborne measurements of trace gases,including O_(3),CO,and H_(2)O,we reveal the variations in TCS during two consecutive cut-off lows(COLs),an important trigger of STE.We demonstrate the important roles of two-way STE and long-range transport processes in delivering natural and anthropogenic signatures in the TCS.The former COL case shows a normal pattern of TCS,consisting of stratospheric and tropospheric air and a mixture of them.The latter,as a novel type of STE,exhibits an anomalous and complex structure due to deep convective injection into stratospheric intrusions and advection of remote marine air.The distinct mixture of stratospheric air and anthropogenic pollution alters the TCS,with horizontal and vertical scales estimated to be 200 and 1 km,respectively.Moreover,air of maritime origin,which is convectively transported and strongly dehydrated during long-range transport,is also identified.Such a complex TCS can produce unique chemical environments that modulate cloud physics and atmospheric radiation.From a climatological perspective,events of these anomalous airmasses are nonnegligible in terms of their frequency and chemical impact,as revealed by multiyear observations.These new insights advance our understanding of the mixing of natural and anthropogenic species that shape the TCS in East Asia and have implications for climate change.
基金ASAP 16 project call,project title:SemantiX-A cross-sensor semantic EO data cube to open and leverage essential climate variables with scientists and the public,Grant ID:878939ASAP 17 project call,project title:SIMS-Soil sealing identification and monitoring system,Grant ID:885365.
文摘Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this paper consists of two parts.In the previous Part 1,existing EO optical sensory imagederived Level 2/Analysis Ready Data(ARD)products and processes are critically compared,to overcome their lack of harmonization/standardization/interoperability and suitability in a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.In the present Part 2,original contributions comprise,at the Marr five levels of system understanding:(1)an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD co-product pair requirements specification.First,in the pursuit of third-level semantic/ontological interoperability,a novel ARD symbolic(categorical and semantic)co-product,known as Scene Classification Map(SCM),adopts an augmented Cloud versus Not-Cloud taxonomy,whose Not-Cloud class legend complies with the standard fully-nested Land Cover Classification System’s Dichotomous Phase taxonomy proposed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.Second,a novel ARD subsymbolic numerical co-product,specifically,a panchromatic or multispectral EO image whose dimensionless digital numbers are radiometrically calibrated into a physical unit of radiometric measure,ranging from top-of-atmosphere reflectance to surface reflectance and surface albedo values,in a five-stage radiometric correction sequence.(2)An original ARD process requirements specification.(3)An innovative ARD processing system design(architecture),where stepwise SCM generation and stepwise SCM-conditional EO optical image radiometric correction are alternated in sequence.(4)An original modular hierarchical hybrid(combined deductive and inductive)computer vision subsystem design,provided with feedback loops,where software solutions at the Marr two shallowest levels of system understanding,specifically,algorithm and implementation,are selected from the scientific literature,to benefit from their technology readiness level as proof of feasibility,required in addition to proven suitability.To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,the proposed EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD product-pair and process reference standard is highlighted as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.
文摘Aiming at the convergence between Earth observation(EO)Big Data and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI),this two-part paper identifies an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory imagederived semantics-enriched Analysis Ready Data(ARD)productpair and process gold standard as linchpin for success of a new notion of Space Economy 4.0.To be implemented in operational mode at the space segment and/or midstream segment by both public and private EO big data providers,it is regarded as necessarybut-not-sufficient“horizontal”(enabling)precondition for:(I)Transforming existing EO big raster-based data cubes at the midstream segment,typically affected by the so-called data-rich information-poor syndrome,into a new generation of semanticsenabled EO big raster-based numerical data and vector-based categorical(symbolic,semi-symbolic or subsymbolic)information cube management systems,eligible for semantic content-based image retrieval and semantics-enabled information/knowledge discovery.(II)Boosting the downstream segment in the development of an ever-increasing ensemble of“vertical”(deep and narrow,user-specific and domain-dependent)value–adding information products and services,suitable for a potentially huge worldwide market of institutional and private end-users of space technology.For the sake of readability,this paper consists of two parts.In the present Part 1,first,background notions in the remote sensing metascience domain are critically revised for harmonization across the multidisciplinary domain of cognitive science.In short,keyword“information”is disambiguated into the two complementary notions of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal/inherently ill-posed information-as-data-interpretation.Moreover,buzzword“artificial intelligence”is disambiguated into the two better-constrained notions of Artificial Narrow Intelligence as part-without-inheritance-of AGI.Second,based on a betterdefined and better-understood vocabulary of multidisciplinary terms,existing EO optical sensory image-derived Level 2/ARD products and processes are investigated at the Marr five levels of understanding of an information processing system.To overcome their drawbacks,an innovative,but realistic EO optical sensory image-derived semantics-enriched ARD product-pair and process gold standard is proposed in the subsequent Part 2.
