The word ＂tile＂ originates from Persian and means ＂China＂ or ＂Chinese work＂. In the Ottoman language, the word ＂tile＂ also means ＂Chinese work＂, or ＂belonging to China＂. The art of Turkish tiles occupies a...The word ＂tile＂ originates from Persian and means ＂China＂ or ＂Chinese work＂. In the Ottoman language, the word ＂tile＂ also means ＂Chinese work＂, or ＂belonging to China＂. The art of Turkish tiles occupies a place of prominence in the history of Islamic art. Its roots can be traced at least as far back as the Uygurs of the eighth and ninth centuries. Its subsequent development was influenced by the Karakhanids, the Ghaznavids, and （especially） Iranian Seljuk art. With the Seljuks＇ victory over the Byzantines at Malazgirt in 1071, the art followed them into Anatolia and embarked upon a new period of strong development fostered by the Anatolian Seljuk sultanate. The first major development in the art of tile-making occurred primarily in Anatolian Seljuk architecture. Various techniques have been used in the art of tiles which gave hundreds of samples for centuries. This study explores the glazed tile techniques used in the production of the S elj uk and Beylik periods.展开更多
Drying shrinkage of thermal insulation mortar with glazed hollow beads was measured by a vertical length comparator, and the influences of fly ash with different contents（0, 18%, 36%, and 54% were used） on the long-...Drying shrinkage of thermal insulation mortar with glazed hollow beads was measured by a vertical length comparator, and the influences of fly ash with different contents（0, 18%, 36%, and 54% were used） on the long-term drying shrinkage were discussed. The mass loss was measured by the weighting method and the pore structure was characterized using three different methods, including the light microscopy, the mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）, and the nitrogen adsorption/desorption（NAD） experiments, and the correlations among them were researched. The results show that drying shrinkage process of thermal insulation mortar includes three steps with increasing curing time： the acceleration period（before 7 d）, the deceleration period（7-365 d）, and the metastable period（after 365 d）. Drying shrinkage in the first stage（7 d before） increases quickly owing to the fast water loss, and its development in the last two stages is attributed to the increment of the pore volume of mortar with the radius below 50 nm, especially the increment of the pore volume fraction of the pore radius within the size range between 7.3 nm and 12.3 nm. There is no change in the drying shrinkage development trend of mortar with fly ash addition, and three steps in the service life, but fly ash addition in the mortar restrains its value. There is a linear relationship between the drying shrinkage and fly ash content, which means that drying shrinkage reduces with fly ash addition.展开更多
Occupants of highly glazed buildings often suffer from thermal discomfort during the mid-seasons when no shadings are used in such buildings,especially when inertial heating systems are used.The present study is devot...Occupants of highly glazed buildings often suffer from thermal discomfort during the mid-seasons when no shadings are used in such buildings,especially when inertial heating systems are used.The present study is devoted to evaluating the impact of long solar beam exposure on the internal thermal discomfort in glazed spaces when heating is implemented through a floor system.A comprehensive experimental study is carried out using an experimental bi-climatic chamber which is fully monitored and controlled,allowing realistic simulations of the dynamic movement of the sun patch on a heated slab.The findings show that a period of discomfort as long as 8 h can occur,and persist far after the sunbeam exposure stops.During this period,the heating slab’s surface temperature,considered from an average point of view,can attain 34°C while the indoor temperature reaches 26°C.Simulations conducted using a previously developed model display a good fit with the measurements.展开更多
This experiment aims to summarize the regular pattern of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas used in glazed tile heating. The tiles used for decorating which are heated by catalytic combustion furna...This experiment aims to summarize the regular pattern of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas used in glazed tile heating. The tiles used for decorating which are heated by catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones, moreover, pollutant emission produced in productive process is much less than before. This conclusion may provide a new way to glazed tile heating industry, and at the same time, provide a general method of using the catalytic combustion furnace.展开更多
The balcony is responsible to a series of effects on the environmental behavior of a building,mainly in relation of thermal comfort and air distribution to their indoor spaces.Currently a very common practice in sever...The balcony is responsible to a series of effects on the environmental behavior of a building,mainly in relation of thermal comfort and air distribution to their indoor spaces.Currently a very common practice in several metropolitan areas is the closing with retractable glass panels in balcony openings.This work analyzed the effects of glazed balconies upon thermal comfort in a hot tropical region.Environmental parameters were carried out in a flat alternating the conditions of retractable glass panels to balconies.Thermal simulations were performed considering closing or not the glass door that divides the balcony room;the building material used on the balcony sill;and the use of curtains or shading devices.The results show the maximum mean hourly temperatures recorded on the balcony during the period when the retractable glass panels were closed,reaching peaks between 31.7 and 39.2°C,above the comfort range recommended by ASHRAE 55.All situations simulated show the thermal discomfort prevails in the use of the closed glass panels reaching DhTD of 94.55°C/day.Thus,this practice of using most of the closed retractable glass panels in the balconies presents disadvantages and inefficiencies especially in hot and humid tropical climate regions.展开更多
A simple idea to obtain a desired color that hiding the black color, and the visibility of tubes and corrugations of the metal sheet （absorber） of the thermal solar collectors which is consider the main obstacle to ...A simple idea to obtain a desired color that hiding the black color, and the visibility of tubes and corrugations of the metal sheet （absorber） of the thermal solar collectors which is consider the main obstacle to facade integration buildings of solar thermal collectors will be presented in this study by designing a multilayer optical interference filter during RF magnetron sputtering process. This filter work as antireflection coating in the near IR region and also includes a high colored reflectance at a specific wavelength in the visible region, this is to gain an esthetic aspect for the thermal solar collector which can be used as building facades by employing appropriate dielectric materials with high refractive index （H） like SiO2 and low refractive index （L） such as MgF2 which they deposited on glass substrate for quarterwave thickness and for the optical model air//HL//glass.展开更多
This experiment aims to summarize the properties of glazed tiles that heated by the low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas. The tiles heated by the catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy...This experiment aims to summarize the properties of glazed tiles that heated by the low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas. The tiles heated by the catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones. This conclusion provides a new way to glazed tile heating industry. Only with a better understanding of catalytic combustion, can the application benefit our environment and industry.展开更多
CO2 continuous wave laser beam had been applied to the laser glazing of plasma sprayed nanostructure zirconia thermal barrier coatings. The effects of laser glazing processing parameters on the surface figuration and ...CO2 continuous wave laser beam had been applied to the laser glazing of plasma sprayed nanostructure zirconia thermal barrier coatings. The effects of laser glazing processing parameters on the surface figuration and microstructure change had been carried out, the microstructure and phase composition of the coatings had been evaluated by the scanning electron microscope （ SEM） and the X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）. SEM observation indicates that the microstructure of the as-glazed coating could be altered from singlecolumnar structure to a combination of the columnar grain and fine equiaxed grain with the different laser glazing conditions. XRD analysis illustrates that the predominance phase of the us-glazed coating is the metastable tetragonal phase, and the glazed coating with the single columnar structure has shown the clear orientation in （220） and （400） peaks while the other coatings do not show that.展开更多
The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with B...The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with Bi/Si ratio in low-melting glass was investigated.In addition,the relationships between laser power,low-melting glass solder with different Bi/Si ratios and laser sealing shear strength were revealed.The results show that a decrease in the Bi/Si ratio can cause a contraction of the glass network of the low-melting glass,leading to an increase of its characteristic temperature and a decrease of its coefficient of thermal expansion.During laser sealing,the copper ions in the low-melting glass play an endothermic role.A change in the Bi/Si ratio will affect the valence state transition of the copper ions in the low-melting glass.The absorbance of the low-melting glass does not follow the expected correlation with the Bi/Si ratio,but shows a linear correlation with the content of divalent copper ions.The greater the concentration of divalent copper ions,the greater the absorbance of the low-melting glass,and the lower the laser power required for laser sealing.The shear strength of the low melting glass solder after laser sealing was tested,and it was found that the maximum shear strength of Z1 glass sample was the highest up to 2.67 MPa.展开更多
‘Qin brick and Han tile’ has a great worldwide reputation in the architectural history of China. According to the former archaeological materials, the big hollow brick is usually one meter long and thirty to forty c...‘Qin brick and Han tile’ has a great worldwide reputation in the architectural history of China. According to the former archaeological materials, the big hollow brick is usually one meter long and thirty to forty centimeters wide, while the solid brick is generally much smaller. But in 1995, large scale vestiges and structures were un- earthed at the center of Guangzhou’s old district, from the relic of Nanyue Kingdom Palace, which was built some 2000 years ago during the Western-Han Dynasty. A great number of earthen structural members were discovered, especially the solid glazed bricks in various beautiful patterns with an astonishing thickness and size. Some of them are one meter square, more than 20 centimeters thick, and weight half a ton, which are named ‘Brick No.1 in the world’ by excavators. People have shown great interest in how to make these huge glazed bricks at the ancient tech- nical conditions, because it is very difficult to manufacture such huge bricks even with the modern technology. At the request of Guangdong Nanyue Kingdom Palace Museum, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics carried out systematical measurements and analysis on these bricks and studied the physical and chemical forming mechanisms from their chemical compositions, structure, and physical character- istics. Here the technical characteristics of the bricks are also discussed.展开更多
Inside a small shop on Lhasa's Barkhor Street,Namgyal Dorje,a young man born after 1995,delicately embeds copper wire across a wooden board.Although not born into a traditi onal Thangka pain ting family,Namgyal Do...Inside a small shop on Lhasa's Barkhor Street,Namgyal Dorje,a young man born after 1995,delicately embeds copper wire across a wooden board.Although not born into a traditi onal Thangka pain ting family,Namgyal Dorje uses copper wire and enamel glaze to push the boundaries of traditional Thangka art-both in innovation and accessibility.展开更多
Wind turbine blades in cold regions are susceptible to icing due to meteorological conditions,significantly affecting the turbine's energy capture efficiency and operational safety.Precise calculation of droplet c...Wind turbine blades in cold regions are susceptible to icing due to meteorological conditions,significantly affecting the turbine's energy capture efficiency and operational safety.Precise calculation of droplet collection efficiency(DCE)is essential for accurate icing prediction.This study examines existing methods for calculating DCE and identifies limitations during glaze ice formation.An enhanced method based on the Euler Wall Film(EWF)model is introduced to address these limitations,incorporating splashing and rebound phenomena during glaze ice formation on wind turbine blades.The method's reliability is validated using data from the classic symmetric airfoil,NACA0012.Through the control variable method,this research examines DCE variations under different incoming velocities,medium volume droplet diameters(MVDs),and temperatures.The study also analyzes the distinctions between the improved method and the existing Eulerian method.Results indicate that both impact range and maximum DCE increase with higher incoming velocity and MVD,while temperature exhibits minimal influence on DCE.Variations between the calculation methods reveal differences in water droplet splashing intensity,primarily influenced by droplet kinetic energy and liquid film thickness.The splashing phenomenon gradually decreases as incoming velocity and MVD increase.展开更多
Solar radiation is the cause of large heat gain in glazed buildings particularly in the tropics,thus the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a sustainable water film on glazing transmittance to solar rad...Solar radiation is the cause of large heat gain in glazed buildings particularly in the tropics,thus the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a sustainable water film on glazing transmittance to solar radiation.The experimental investigation measured two parameters,namely,type of glazing and solar radiation intensity,utilizing glazed façades oriented west in two full-scale rooms.It was found that the water film on the glazed façade increases the transmittance of solar radiation behind the glazing by 2%-6.8%depending on the solar intensity and glass type,while the indoor temperature was reduced.The study concluded that the increment of the solar radiation(300-2500nm)transmittance is an increment in the range of the visible light(daylighting).展开更多
Peasants living in Nanzhang Zhuang, a remote village in the mountainous area of Yuxian County, Hebei Province, wanted to open a glazed tile plant because they heard that the domestic market needed building materials i...Peasants living in Nanzhang Zhuang, a remote village in the mountainous area of Yuxian County, Hebei Province, wanted to open a glazed tile plant because they heard that the domestic market needed building materials in the Chinese national style. Through the help and support of the Yuxian County Women’s Federation and Nanzhang Zhuang Women’s Representative Assembly, the glazed tile plant was established.展开更多
In the preparation of magnesium by Pidgeon process,the phenomenon slag pellets sticking on the wall of reduction pot always appear,and the glaze sticking on the inner wall of the reduction pot is difficult to remove.T...In the preparation of magnesium by Pidgeon process,the phenomenon slag pellets sticking on the wall of reduction pot always appear,and the glaze sticking on the inner wall of the reduction pot is difficult to remove.The mechanism of this phenomenon is studied in this work by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF)measurement,electron probe microanalyzer scanning(EPMA)analysis,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis,and thermodynamic calculations.The main components of the glaze are MgO,Ca_(12)Al_(14)F_(2)O_(32),CaF_(2),CaO,and a small amount of Ca_(4)Si_(2)O_(7)F_(2).The solid-liquid transition temperature of Ca_(12)Al_(14)F_(2)O_(32)and CaF_(2)is close to the production temperature of Pidgeon process,which leads to the bonding between the slag pellets and the pot wall.The loss of CaF_(2)in glaze layer will reduce the total amount of liquid phase and increase the temperature at which Ca_(12)Al_(14)F_(2)O_(32)is completely transformed into liquid phase,which causes glaze layer sticking on the inner wall of the reduction pot.展开更多
A copper-red and silver-white metallic glaze of R_(2)O-RO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-P_(2)O_(5)system was synthesized by adjusting the firing temperature and glaze components.The coloration mechanism of the metallic glaze wa...A copper-red and silver-white metallic glaze of R_(2)O-RO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-P_(2)O_(5)system was synthesized by adjusting the firing temperature and glaze components.The coloration mechanism of the metallic glaze was revealed via investigation of the microstructure of the glaze.Our research reveals that the metallic glaze with different colors is mainly due to the amount of Fe_(2)O_(3).The metallic glaze shows a silver-white luster due to a structural color ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)crystals with a good orientation when the sample contains 0.0939 mol of Fe_(2)O_(3),maintaining temperatures at 1150℃for 0.5 h.The metallic glaze is copper-red which is dominated by the coupling of chemical and structural color ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)crystals when the sample contains 0.0783 mol of Fe_(2)O_(3).After testing the amount of SiO_(2),we find that 4.0499 mol is the optimal amount to form the ceramic network,and 0.27 mol AlPO_(4)is the best amount to promote phase separation.展开更多
This paper mainly discusses the Si/Al molar ratio, RO/R2O molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning...This paper mainly discusses the Si/Al molar ratio, RO/R2O molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.展开更多
This paper mainly discusses the Si/A1 molar ratio, RO/R20 molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning...This paper mainly discusses the Si/A1 molar ratio, RO/R20 molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.展开更多
Offshore wind energy resources are operational in cold regions,while offshore wind turbines will face the threat of icing.Therefore,it is necessary to study icing of offshore wind turbines under different icing condit...Offshore wind energy resources are operational in cold regions,while offshore wind turbines will face the threat of icing.Therefore,it is necessary to study icing of offshore wind turbines under different icing conditions.In this study,icing sensitivity of offshore wind turbine blades are performed using a combination of FLUENT and FENSAP-ICE software,and the effects of liquid water content(LWC),medium volume diameter(MVD),wind speed and air temperature on blade icing shape are analyzed by two types of ice,namely rime ice and glaze ice.The results show that the increase of LWC and MVD will increase the amount of ice that forms on the blade surface for either glaze ice or rime ice,and an increase of MVD will expand the adhesion surface between ice and blade.Before reaching the rated wind speed of 11.4 m/s,it does not directly affect the icing shape.However,after reaching the rated wind speed,the attack angle of the incoming flow decreases obviously,and the amount of ice increases markedly.When the ambient air temperature meets the icing conditions of glaze ice(i.e.,−5℃ to 0℃),the lower the temperature,the more glaze ice freezes,whereas air temperature has no impact on the icing of rime ice.Compared with onshore wind turbines,offshore wind turbines might face extreme meteorological conditions,and the wind speed has no impact on the amount of ice that forms on the blade surface for most wind speeds.展开更多
As a kind of rare materials,nano-silver has broad application prospects in the fields of catalysis,medical treatment,new energy and so on.However,there are few reports on the systematic research of nano-silver in cera...As a kind of rare materials,nano-silver has broad application prospects in the fields of catalysis,medical treatment,new energy and so on.However,there are few reports on the systematic research of nano-silver in ceramic glazes.In this work,different color ceramic glazes were produced by tuning the nano-silver content and optimizing the firing process.The crystalline phase composition,micro-morphology and elemental distribution of fired glazes were analyzed and discussed in depth.The elemental composition and distribution of the samples were studied.The surface of the glazes with varying Ag contents fired under the reducing atmosphere exhibited blue-white.And the blue color is attributable to Rayleigh scattering that may arise because the phase-separation structures existed in glazes.Interestingly,the color of the ceramic glazes with varying Ag contents changed to golden-yellow when the ceramic glazes were fired under the air atmosphere.Golden-yellow color of the samples fired under the air atmosphere is mainly attributable to the silver nanoparticles,though Ag^(+) may be existed in the glazes.展开更多
文摘The word ＂tile＂ originates from Persian and means ＂China＂ or ＂Chinese work＂. In the Ottoman language, the word ＂tile＂ also means ＂Chinese work＂, or ＂belonging to China＂. The art of Turkish tiles occupies a place of prominence in the history of Islamic art. Its roots can be traced at least as far back as the Uygurs of the eighth and ninth centuries. Its subsequent development was influenced by the Karakhanids, the Ghaznavids, and （especially） Iranian Seljuk art. With the Seljuks＇ victory over the Byzantines at Malazgirt in 1071, the art followed them into Anatolia and embarked upon a new period of strong development fostered by the Anatolian Seljuk sultanate. The first major development in the art of tile-making occurred primarily in Anatolian Seljuk architecture. Various techniques have been used in the art of tiles which gave hundreds of samples for centuries. This study explores the glazed tile techniques used in the production of the S elj uk and Beylik periods.
基金Funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-year Plan(No.2012BAJ20B02)
文摘Drying shrinkage of thermal insulation mortar with glazed hollow beads was measured by a vertical length comparator, and the influences of fly ash with different contents（0, 18%, 36%, and 54% were used） on the long-term drying shrinkage were discussed. The mass loss was measured by the weighting method and the pore structure was characterized using three different methods, including the light microscopy, the mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）, and the nitrogen adsorption/desorption（NAD） experiments, and the correlations among them were researched. The results show that drying shrinkage process of thermal insulation mortar includes three steps with increasing curing time： the acceleration period（before 7 d）, the deceleration period（7-365 d）, and the metastable period（after 365 d）. Drying shrinkage in the first stage（7 d before） increases quickly owing to the fast water loss, and its development in the last two stages is attributed to the increment of the pore volume of mortar with the radius below 50 nm, especially the increment of the pore volume fraction of the pore radius within the size range between 7.3 nm and 12.3 nm. There is no change in the drying shrinkage development trend of mortar with fly ash addition, and three steps in the service life, but fly ash addition in the mortar restrains its value. There is a linear relationship between the drying shrinkage and fly ash content, which means that drying shrinkage reduces with fly ash addition.
文摘Occupants of highly glazed buildings often suffer from thermal discomfort during the mid-seasons when no shadings are used in such buildings,especially when inertial heating systems are used.The present study is devoted to evaluating the impact of long solar beam exposure on the internal thermal discomfort in glazed spaces when heating is implemented through a floor system.A comprehensive experimental study is carried out using an experimental bi-climatic chamber which is fully monitored and controlled,allowing realistic simulations of the dynamic movement of the sun patch on a heated slab.The findings show that a period of discomfort as long as 8 h can occur,and persist far after the sunbeam exposure stops.During this period,the heating slab’s surface temperature,considered from an average point of view,can attain 34°C while the indoor temperature reaches 26°C.Simulations conducted using a previously developed model display a good fit with the measurements.
文摘This experiment aims to summarize the regular pattern of low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas used in glazed tile heating. The tiles used for decorating which are heated by catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones, moreover, pollutant emission produced in productive process is much less than before. This conclusion may provide a new way to glazed tile heating industry, and at the same time, provide a general method of using the catalytic combustion furnace.
文摘The balcony is responsible to a series of effects on the environmental behavior of a building,mainly in relation of thermal comfort and air distribution to their indoor spaces.Currently a very common practice in several metropolitan areas is the closing with retractable glass panels in balcony openings.This work analyzed the effects of glazed balconies upon thermal comfort in a hot tropical region.Environmental parameters were carried out in a flat alternating the conditions of retractable glass panels to balconies.Thermal simulations were performed considering closing or not the glass door that divides the balcony room;the building material used on the balcony sill;and the use of curtains or shading devices.The results show the maximum mean hourly temperatures recorded on the balcony during the period when the retractable glass panels were closed,reaching peaks between 31.7 and 39.2°C,above the comfort range recommended by ASHRAE 55.All situations simulated show the thermal discomfort prevails in the use of the closed glass panels reaching DhTD of 94.55°C/day.Thus,this practice of using most of the closed retractable glass panels in the balconies presents disadvantages and inefficiencies especially in hot and humid tropical climate regions.
文摘A simple idea to obtain a desired color that hiding the black color, and the visibility of tubes and corrugations of the metal sheet （absorber） of the thermal solar collectors which is consider the main obstacle to facade integration buildings of solar thermal collectors will be presented in this study by designing a multilayer optical interference filter during RF magnetron sputtering process. This filter work as antireflection coating in the near IR region and also includes a high colored reflectance at a specific wavelength in the visible region, this is to gain an esthetic aspect for the thermal solar collector which can be used as building facades by employing appropriate dielectric materials with high refractive index （H） like SiO2 and low refractive index （L） such as MgF2 which they deposited on glass substrate for quarterwave thickness and for the optical model air//HL//glass.
文摘This experiment aims to summarize the properties of glazed tiles that heated by the low-carbon catalytic combustion furnace of natural gas. The tiles heated by the catalytic combustion furnace are more fine and glossy than the conventional ones. This conclusion provides a new way to glazed tile heating industry. Only with a better understanding of catalytic combustion, can the application benefit our environment and industry.
文摘CO2 continuous wave laser beam had been applied to the laser glazing of plasma sprayed nanostructure zirconia thermal barrier coatings. The effects of laser glazing processing parameters on the surface figuration and microstructure change had been carried out, the microstructure and phase composition of the coatings had been evaluated by the scanning electron microscope （ SEM） and the X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）. SEM observation indicates that the microstructure of the as-glazed coating could be altered from singlecolumnar structure to a combination of the columnar grain and fine equiaxed grain with the different laser glazing conditions. XRD analysis illustrates that the predominance phase of the us-glazed coating is the metastable tetragonal phase, and the glazed coating with the single columnar structure has shown the clear orientation in （220） and （400） peaks while the other coatings do not show that.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472012)Opening Project of State Silica-Based Materials Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.2022KF11)the Research and Development of Glass Powder for Laser Sealing and Its Sealing Technology(No.K24556)。
文摘The low-melting glass of Bi2O_(3)-B2O_(3)-SiO_(2)(BiBSi)system was used for the first time for laser sealing of vacuum glazing.Under the condition of constant boron content,how the structure and properties vary with Bi/Si ratio in low-melting glass was investigated.In addition,the relationships between laser power,low-melting glass solder with different Bi/Si ratios and laser sealing shear strength were revealed.The results show that a decrease in the Bi/Si ratio can cause a contraction of the glass network of the low-melting glass,leading to an increase of its characteristic temperature and a decrease of its coefficient of thermal expansion.During laser sealing,the copper ions in the low-melting glass play an endothermic role.A change in the Bi/Si ratio will affect the valence state transition of the copper ions in the low-melting glass.The absorbance of the low-melting glass does not follow the expected correlation with the Bi/Si ratio,but shows a linear correlation with the content of divalent copper ions.The greater the concentration of divalent copper ions,the greater the absorbance of the low-melting glass,and the lower the laser power required for laser sealing.The shear strength of the low melting glass solder after laser sealing was tested,and it was found that the maximum shear strength of Z1 glass sample was the highest up to 2.67 MPa.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50432010, 50572117)
文摘‘Qin brick and Han tile’ has a great worldwide reputation in the architectural history of China. According to the former archaeological materials, the big hollow brick is usually one meter long and thirty to forty centimeters wide, while the solid brick is generally much smaller. But in 1995, large scale vestiges and structures were un- earthed at the center of Guangzhou’s old district, from the relic of Nanyue Kingdom Palace, which was built some 2000 years ago during the Western-Han Dynasty. A great number of earthen structural members were discovered, especially the solid glazed bricks in various beautiful patterns with an astonishing thickness and size. Some of them are one meter square, more than 20 centimeters thick, and weight half a ton, which are named ‘Brick No.1 in the world’ by excavators. People have shown great interest in how to make these huge glazed bricks at the ancient tech- nical conditions, because it is very difficult to manufacture such huge bricks even with the modern technology. At the request of Guangdong Nanyue Kingdom Palace Museum, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics carried out systematical measurements and analysis on these bricks and studied the physical and chemical forming mechanisms from their chemical compositions, structure, and physical character- istics. Here the technical characteristics of the bricks are also discussed.
文摘Inside a small shop on Lhasa's Barkhor Street,Namgyal Dorje,a young man born after 1995,delicately embeds copper wire across a wooden board.Although not born into a traditi onal Thangka pain ting family,Namgyal Dorje uses copper wire and enamel glaze to push the boundaries of traditional Thangka art-both in innovation and accessibility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879125)。
文摘Wind turbine blades in cold regions are susceptible to icing due to meteorological conditions,significantly affecting the turbine's energy capture efficiency and operational safety.Precise calculation of droplet collection efficiency(DCE)is essential for accurate icing prediction.This study examines existing methods for calculating DCE and identifies limitations during glaze ice formation.An enhanced method based on the Euler Wall Film(EWF)model is introduced to address these limitations,incorporating splashing and rebound phenomena during glaze ice formation on wind turbine blades.The method's reliability is validated using data from the classic symmetric airfoil,NACA0012.Through the control variable method,this research examines DCE variations under different incoming velocities,medium volume droplet diameters(MVDs),and temperatures.The study also analyzes the distinctions between the improved method and the existing Eulerian method.Results indicate that both impact range and maximum DCE increase with higher incoming velocity and MVD,while temperature exhibits minimal influence on DCE.Variations between the calculation methods reveal differences in water droplet splashing intensity,primarily influenced by droplet kinetic energy and liquid film thickness.The splashing phenomenon gradually decreases as incoming velocity and MVD increase.
基金the financial support from the Research Grant from the University of Malayaproject no RP009/2012A and RG 130/11SUSNajran University,project no NU/ESCI/14/046.
文摘Solar radiation is the cause of large heat gain in glazed buildings particularly in the tropics,thus the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a sustainable water film on glazing transmittance to solar radiation.The experimental investigation measured two parameters,namely,type of glazing and solar radiation intensity,utilizing glazed façades oriented west in two full-scale rooms.It was found that the water film on the glazed façade increases the transmittance of solar radiation behind the glazing by 2%-6.8%depending on the solar intensity and glass type,while the indoor temperature was reduced.The study concluded that the increment of the solar radiation(300-2500nm)transmittance is an increment in the range of the visible light(daylighting).
文摘Peasants living in Nanzhang Zhuang, a remote village in the mountainous area of Yuxian County, Hebei Province, wanted to open a glazed tile plant because they heard that the domestic market needed building materials in the Chinese national style. Through the help and support of the Yuxian County Women’s Federation and Nanzhang Zhuang Women’s Representative Assembly, the glazed tile plant was established.
基金funded by the China Postdoctoral Sci-ence Foundation(Grant No.2020M682337)Certificate of Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan Province(Grant No.201903011)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFB0301001 and 2016YFB0301101).
文摘In the preparation of magnesium by Pidgeon process,the phenomenon slag pellets sticking on the wall of reduction pot always appear,and the glaze sticking on the inner wall of the reduction pot is difficult to remove.The mechanism of this phenomenon is studied in this work by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF)measurement,electron probe microanalyzer scanning(EPMA)analysis,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis,and thermodynamic calculations.The main components of the glaze are MgO,Ca_(12)Al_(14)F_(2)O_(32),CaF_(2),CaO,and a small amount of Ca_(4)Si_(2)O_(7)F_(2).The solid-liquid transition temperature of Ca_(12)Al_(14)F_(2)O_(32)and CaF_(2)is close to the production temperature of Pidgeon process,which leads to the bonding between the slag pellets and the pot wall.The loss of CaF_(2)in glaze layer will reduce the total amount of liquid phase and increase the temperature at which Ca_(12)Al_(14)F_(2)O_(32)is completely transformed into liquid phase,which causes glaze layer sticking on the inner wall of the reduction pot.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202231)the College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hubei University of Technology(No.202310500039)。
文摘A copper-red and silver-white metallic glaze of R_(2)O-RO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-P_(2)O_(5)system was synthesized by adjusting the firing temperature and glaze components.The coloration mechanism of the metallic glaze was revealed via investigation of the microstructure of the glaze.Our research reveals that the metallic glaze with different colors is mainly due to the amount of Fe_(2)O_(3).The metallic glaze shows a silver-white luster due to a structural color ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)crystals with a good orientation when the sample contains 0.0939 mol of Fe_(2)O_(3),maintaining temperatures at 1150℃for 0.5 h.The metallic glaze is copper-red which is dominated by the coupling of chemical and structural color ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)crystals when the sample contains 0.0783 mol of Fe_(2)O_(3).After testing the amount of SiO_(2),we find that 4.0499 mol is the optimal amount to form the ceramic network,and 0.27 mol AlPO_(4)is the best amount to promote phase separation.
文摘This paper mainly discusses the Si/Al molar ratio, RO/R2O molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.
文摘This paper mainly discusses the Si/A1 molar ratio, RO/R20 molar ratio, Fe content, glazing and firing system on the thickness of Longquan Celadon pink coloring effects, and using a colorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze better experimental sample microstructure and color and so on. We explored the Longquan Celadon of pink coloration mechanism.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879125)the Jiangsu Provincial Higher Education Natural Science Research Major Project(Grant No.18KJA580003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20211342)the Jiangsu Province“Six Talents Peak”High-level Talents Support Project(Grant No.2018-KTHY-033).
文摘Offshore wind energy resources are operational in cold regions,while offshore wind turbines will face the threat of icing.Therefore,it is necessary to study icing of offshore wind turbines under different icing conditions.In this study,icing sensitivity of offshore wind turbine blades are performed using a combination of FLUENT and FENSAP-ICE software,and the effects of liquid water content(LWC),medium volume diameter(MVD),wind speed and air temperature on blade icing shape are analyzed by two types of ice,namely rime ice and glaze ice.The results show that the increase of LWC and MVD will increase the amount of ice that forms on the blade surface for either glaze ice or rime ice,and an increase of MVD will expand the adhesion surface between ice and blade.Before reaching the rated wind speed of 11.4 m/s,it does not directly affect the icing shape.However,after reaching the rated wind speed,the attack angle of the incoming flow decreases obviously,and the amount of ice increases markedly.When the ambient air temperature meets the icing conditions of glaze ice(i.e.,−5℃ to 0℃),the lower the temperature,the more glaze ice freezes,whereas air temperature has no impact on the icing of rime ice.Compared with onshore wind turbines,offshore wind turbines might face extreme meteorological conditions,and the wind speed has no impact on the amount of ice that forms on the blade surface for most wind speeds.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072327)Zhongyuan Thousand Talents(Zhongyuan Scholars)Program of Henan Province(No.202101510004)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province(No.202102210022)the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Henan Province(No.202010480011)Henan Province Water Conservancy Technology Project(No.GG201922)。
文摘As a kind of rare materials,nano-silver has broad application prospects in the fields of catalysis,medical treatment,new energy and so on.However,there are few reports on the systematic research of nano-silver in ceramic glazes.In this work,different color ceramic glazes were produced by tuning the nano-silver content and optimizing the firing process.The crystalline phase composition,micro-morphology and elemental distribution of fired glazes were analyzed and discussed in depth.The elemental composition and distribution of the samples were studied.The surface of the glazes with varying Ag contents fired under the reducing atmosphere exhibited blue-white.And the blue color is attributable to Rayleigh scattering that may arise because the phase-separation structures existed in glazes.Interestingly,the color of the ceramic glazes with varying Ag contents changed to golden-yellow when the ceramic glazes were fired under the air atmosphere.Golden-yellow color of the samples fired under the air atmosphere is mainly attributable to the silver nanoparticles,though Ag^(+) may be existed in the glazes.
