滤泡辅助T淋巴细胞(follicular helper T cells,Tfh)是辅助性T淋巴细胞的重要亚群,在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用,与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展密切相关。Tfh细胞能够表达多种细胞因子并发挥相应的功能,其数量或功能异常可导致免疫失衡...滤泡辅助T淋巴细胞(follicular helper T cells,Tfh)是辅助性T淋巴细胞的重要亚群,在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用,与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展密切相关。Tfh细胞能够表达多种细胞因子并发挥相应的功能,其数量或功能异常可导致免疫失衡,从而诱发靶器官损伤。免疫系统和肾脏功能调控密切相关,免疫性肾小球疾病通常由免疫因子直接或间接介导,诱发免疫病理过程,最终导致肾脏损伤。Tfh是T、B淋巴细胞相互作用中的关键细胞,可在生发中心促进B淋巴细胞分化及自身抗体产生,针对Tfh的治疗策略可能有利于免疫性肾小球疾病的缓解和预后。本综述阐述Tfh的生物学特性、功能及其在免疫性肾小球疾病中的作用机制。展开更多
For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia gro...For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two bio- control fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. Iongibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carben- dazim, tebuconazole and difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and car- bexin showed moderate toxicities, and metalaxyl showed Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungi- cides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects （ECru values were 1.64 and 0.05μpg/ml）, and 70% pentachloroni- trobenzene had the weakest effects （EC50 values were 1.64 and 0,05 μg/ml） for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendaz- im had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 756 （EC50 values were 0.62 and 1 108.61 μg/ml respectively）, whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 （EC= value was 0.32μg/ml）, and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest （EC= value was 1 206.29 μg/ml）. According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for controlling plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be and difenoconazole for controlling plant dis- eases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for controlling plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk was not serious.展开更多
We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 ...We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.展开更多
文摘滤泡辅助T淋巴细胞(follicular helper T cells,Tfh)是辅助性T淋巴细胞的重要亚群,在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用,与各种自身免疫性疾病的发生发展密切相关。Tfh细胞能够表达多种细胞因子并发挥相应的功能,其数量或功能异常可导致免疫失衡,从而诱发靶器官损伤。免疫系统和肾脏功能调控密切相关,免疫性肾小球疾病通常由免疫因子直接或间接介导,诱发免疫病理过程,最终导致肾脏损伤。Tfh是T、B淋巴细胞相互作用中的关键细胞,可在生发中心促进B淋巴细胞分化及自身抗体产生,针对Tfh的治疗策略可能有利于免疫性肾小球疾病的缓解和预后。本综述阐述Tfh的生物学特性、功能及其在免疫性肾小球疾病中的作用机制。
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303057)948 Program(2011-G4)~~
文摘For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two bio- control fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. Iongibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carben- dazim, tebuconazole and difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and car- bexin showed moderate toxicities, and metalaxyl showed Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungi- cides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects （ECru values were 1.64 and 0.05μpg/ml）, and 70% pentachloroni- trobenzene had the weakest effects （EC50 values were 1.64 and 0,05 μg/ml） for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendaz- im had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 756 （EC50 values were 0.62 and 1 108.61 μg/ml respectively）, whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 （EC= value was 0.32μg/ml）, and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest （EC= value was 1 206.29 μg/ml）. According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for controlling plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be and difenoconazole for controlling plant dis- eases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for controlling plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk was not serious.
基金the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB)
文摘We analyzed the tolerance of Copaifera lucens seeds to sub- mersion in water to assess the use of this species for direct seeding in riparian forest restoration programs. Seeds were submerged in water for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days or not submerged （control = 0 days of submer- gence）. For the control and at the end of each period of submersion, germination and seedling vigor tests were carried out. For germination tests, seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand and kept in labora- tory conditions. The percentage of seed germination, the germination rate and the average germination time were analyzed. For seedlings, total biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio were analyzed. Submersion time drastically affected the dissolved oxygen content and seed germination. Between 4 and 8 days of submersion there was a de- crease from 83.8% to 15.6% in the germination percentage. No seed germination occurred after 16 days of submersion. Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination between 4 and 8 days of submersion, seedling vigor was not affected. Seeds of this species were partially tolerant to submersion in water, suggesting that C. lucens is a promising species for direct seeding in riparian forest restora- tion projects.
