The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is heavily impacted by petroleum explora-tion,refining activities,and industrial emissions,contributing to widespread aerial petro-pollutant contamination.This study investigates the ...The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is heavily impacted by petroleum explora-tion,refining activities,and industrial emissions,contributing to widespread aerial petro-pollutant contamination.This study investigates the hydrochemi-cal dispersion and geospatial correlation of atmospheric petroleum hydrocar-bons(TPH)deposited through rainfall within selected locations in Rivers State,Nigeria.Thirty-four rainwater samples were collected from seven distinct sub-regional study locations:Obigbo,Komkom,Obiama,Okoloma,Egberu,Umu Agbai,and Obete.Hydrochemical analyses were conducted using gas chroma-tography-flame ionization detection(GC-FID)to quantify total petroleum hy-drocarbons(TPH),with detailed compositional profiling of aliphatic hydro-carbons(C8-C40)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).The disper-sion analysis employed Hexbin density mapping,Contour visualization,and spatial interpolation techniques to delineate pollution hotspots,revealing sig-nificant contamination gradients across the study region.The correlation ma-trix assessed interrelationships between hydrocarbon fractions and geographic positioning,identifying strong positive correlations(r>0.9)between TPH and total aliphatic hydrocarbons(TAH),suggesting transportation and industrial emissions as primary sources.PAHs exhibited localized concentration spikes,particularly near gas flaring zones and commercial hubs,implicating fossil fuel combustion,industrial activities,and long-range pollutant transport as domi-nant contamination mechanisms.Geospatial analysis indicates higher hydro-carbon deposition in the Western and Northern regions,with Obigbo and Okoloma experiencing the most significant contamination.The study high-lights rainfall as a key vector for atmospheric petrochemical deposition,with implications for water quality,ecosystem health,and human exposure risks.These findings emphasize the need for stricter environmental monitoring,reg-ulatory enforcement of industrial emissions,and strategic efforts to mitigate hydrocarbon pollution in petroleum-producing regions.展开更多
Climate research produces a wealth of multivariate data. These data often have a geospatial reference and so it is of interest to show them within their geospatial context. One can consider this configuration as a mul...Climate research produces a wealth of multivariate data. These data often have a geospatial reference and so it is of interest to show them within their geospatial context. One can consider this configuration as a multifield visualization problem, where the geo-space provides the expanse of the field. However, there is a limit on the amount of multivariate information that can be fit within a certain spatial location, and the use of linked multivariate information displays has previously been devised to bridge this gap. In this paper we focus on the interactions in the geographical display, present an implementation that uses Google Earth, and demonstrate it within a tightly linked parallel coordinates display. Several other visual representations, such as pie and bar charts are integrated into the Google Earth display and can be interactively manipulated. Further, we also demonstrate new brushing and visualization techniques for parallel coordinates, such as fixed-window brushing and correlation-enhanced display. We conceived our system with a team of climate researchers, who already made a few important discoveries using it. This demonstrates our system＇s great potential to enable scientific discoveries, possibly also in other domains where data have a geospatial reference.展开更多
文摘The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is heavily impacted by petroleum explora-tion,refining activities,and industrial emissions,contributing to widespread aerial petro-pollutant contamination.This study investigates the hydrochemi-cal dispersion and geospatial correlation of atmospheric petroleum hydrocar-bons(TPH)deposited through rainfall within selected locations in Rivers State,Nigeria.Thirty-four rainwater samples were collected from seven distinct sub-regional study locations:Obigbo,Komkom,Obiama,Okoloma,Egberu,Umu Agbai,and Obete.Hydrochemical analyses were conducted using gas chroma-tography-flame ionization detection(GC-FID)to quantify total petroleum hy-drocarbons(TPH),with detailed compositional profiling of aliphatic hydro-carbons(C8-C40)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).The disper-sion analysis employed Hexbin density mapping,Contour visualization,and spatial interpolation techniques to delineate pollution hotspots,revealing sig-nificant contamination gradients across the study region.The correlation ma-trix assessed interrelationships between hydrocarbon fractions and geographic positioning,identifying strong positive correlations(r>0.9)between TPH and total aliphatic hydrocarbons(TAH),suggesting transportation and industrial emissions as primary sources.PAHs exhibited localized concentration spikes,particularly near gas flaring zones and commercial hubs,implicating fossil fuel combustion,industrial activities,and long-range pollutant transport as domi-nant contamination mechanisms.Geospatial analysis indicates higher hydro-carbon deposition in the Western and Northern regions,with Obigbo and Okoloma experiencing the most significant contamination.The study high-lights rainfall as a key vector for atmospheric petrochemical deposition,with implications for water quality,ecosystem health,and human exposure risks.These findings emphasize the need for stricter environmental monitoring,reg-ulatory enforcement of industrial emissions,and strategic efforts to mitigate hydrocarbon pollution in petroleum-producing regions.
基金Partial support for this research was provided by the US National Science Foundation (Nos. 1050477, 0959979, and 1117132)by a Brookhaven National Lab LDRD grant+2 种基金by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, GeosciencesBiosciences and by the IT Consilience Creative Project through the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's OBER at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)PNNL is operated by the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract No.DE-AC06-76RL0 1830
文摘Climate research produces a wealth of multivariate data. These data often have a geospatial reference and so it is of interest to show them within their geospatial context. One can consider this configuration as a multifield visualization problem, where the geo-space provides the expanse of the field. However, there is a limit on the amount of multivariate information that can be fit within a certain spatial location, and the use of linked multivariate information displays has previously been devised to bridge this gap. In this paper we focus on the interactions in the geographical display, present an implementation that uses Google Earth, and demonstrate it within a tightly linked parallel coordinates display. Several other visual representations, such as pie and bar charts are integrated into the Google Earth display and can be interactively manipulated. Further, we also demonstrate new brushing and visualization techniques for parallel coordinates, such as fixed-window brushing and correlation-enhanced display. We conceived our system with a team of climate researchers, who already made a few important discoveries using it. This demonstrates our system＇s great potential to enable scientific discoveries, possibly also in other domains where data have a geospatial reference.
