Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate...Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.展开更多
The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The I...The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The IAGR Convention attracted over 150 participants from various countries,including China,India,Australia,the Republic of Korea,Japan,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Italy,Mexico,the United Kingdom,Saudi Arabia,France,and Brunei.展开更多
The SCAR XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences(ISAES), which has been held every four years, will be held in Punta Arenas, Chile from 18 to 25 August 2025. ISAES aims to provide a comprehensive overv...The SCAR XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences(ISAES), which has been held every four years, will be held in Punta Arenas, Chile from 18 to 25 August 2025. ISAES aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of Antarctic Earth Sciences. The XIV ISAES calls for researchers from around the globe to share their latest research and insights on the Antarctic region's geology, climate, and ecosystems.展开更多
1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conv...1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conventional oil and gas development to the domains of“Two Deeps,One Unconventional,One Mature,”which include deep onshore,deepwater,unconventional resources,and mature oilfields[1].展开更多
The contributions of our referees remain vital to maintaining the high quality of papers published in Geoscience Frontiers.Their thoughtful critiques,dedication to reviewing,and,on occasion,re-reviewing manuscripts su...The contributions of our referees remain vital to maintaining the high quality of papers published in Geoscience Frontiers.Their thoughtful critiques,dedication to reviewing,and,on occasion,re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are deeply appreciated by boththe Editors and the Publisher.We would like to take this opportunity to extend our heartfelt thanks to the following referees for theirinvaluable input and support in reviewing manuscripts submitted in 2024.展开更多
Ontologies are increasingly deployed as a computer-accessible representation of key semantics in various parts of a data life cycle and, thus, ontology dynamics may pose challenges to data management and re-use. By us...Ontologies are increasingly deployed as a computer-accessible representation of key semantics in various parts of a data life cycle and, thus, ontology dynamics may pose challenges to data management and re-use. By using examples in the field of geosciences, we analyze challenges raised by ontology dynamics, such as heavy reworking of data, semantic heterogeneity among data providers and users, and error propagation in cross-discipline data discovery and re-use. We also make recommendations to address these challenges： （1） communities of practice on ontologies to re- duce inconsistency and duplicated efforts; （2） use ontologies in the procedure of data collection and make them accessible to data users; and （3） seek methods to speed up the reworking of data in a Semantic Web context.展开更多
The journal of Global Geology is sponsored by the International Center for Geoscience Research and Education in Northeast Asia,Jilin University of China(ISSN 1673-9736,CN 22-1371/P).The former name of the journal was ...The journal of Global Geology is sponsored by the International Center for Geoscience Research and Education in Northeast Asia,Jilin University of China(ISSN 1673-9736,CN 22-1371/P).The former name of the journal was Journal of Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia.It was launched in 1998 and served the geologist,teachers and students in geosciences.The Editorial Board is composed of 69 scientists from different countries in the world,including Belgium,China,Canada,Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,Germany,Japan,Mongolia,Republic of Korea,Russia,UK and USA.It was originally biannual,and then changed to a quarterly since 2008.We hope that the readers worldwide will be more interested in and continue to support the journal by contributing more papers.展开更多
Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorith...Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.展开更多
Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D g...Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.展开更多
CorelKit is developed with the built-in VBA environment of CorelDraw?,and is a new plug-in in CorelDraw for geological and geochemical drawing.CorelKit can help users quickly and easily draw geological and geochemical...CorelKit is developed with the built-in VBA environment of CorelDraw?,and is a new plug-in in CorelDraw for geological and geochemical drawing.CorelKit can help users quickly and easily draw geological and geochemical graphs,such as scatterplot,triangular scatterplot,line chart,histogram,bar chart,box plot,pie graph,etc.In order to adapt to the geological application,the above functions are strengthened.Scatterplot and triangular scatterplot provide nearly 150 common basemaps,covering rock classification,structural environment discrimination,mineral genesis,isotope geochemistry,etc.,for the convenience of the user mapping.Meanwhile,CorelKit further provides a structural joint rose diagram and sulfur isotopic composition diagram.This software also has many practical functions such as Bézier line topology,Multiple Bézier lines close fill,Single inner fill,Correction basemap,Add a compass,Add a scale,which facilitates daily geological drawing.The software has a friendly interface,in both Chinese and English versions,and is suitable for CorelDraw X4 and later versions.We introduced the Bézier line topology to CorelKit for the first time,which is similar to the GIS®topology for geological maps.According to the“GB/T 958-2015 Geological Legends Used for Regional Geological Map”,a two-color filling library of rock pattern pictures is established,which is convenient to realize the twocolor filling of sedimentary rocks,metamorphic rocks and magmatic rocks patterns.Obviously,CorelKit makes up for many shortcomings of CorelDraw in geosciences and is a very practical tool for geoscience researchers.展开更多
In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solv...In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality.This paper discusses the main problems,opportunities,and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality,as well as China’s response to them.The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories:(1)Carbon emission reduction technology(natural gas hydrate,geothermal,hot dry rock,nuclear energy,hydropower,wind energy,solar energy,hydrogen energy);(2)carbon sequestration technology(carbon capture and storage,underground space utilization);(3)key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization(raw materials for energy transformation,carbon reduction technology).Therefore,geosciences and geological technologies are needed:First,actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas,geothermal energy,hydropower,hot dry rock,and key energy minerals,and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas;the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection,carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures,and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters;the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences,organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources,carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory,and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines.The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research.In the future,it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects,enhance the ability of climate adaptation,and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.展开更多
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB0740000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFB3904200,No.2022YFF0711601+1 种基金Key Project of Innovation LREIS,No.PI009National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471503。
文摘Deep-time Earth research plays a pivotal role in deciphering the rates,patterns,and mechanisms of Earth's evolutionary processes throughout geological history,providing essential scientific foundations for climate prediction,natural resource exploration,and sustainable planetary stewardship.To advance Deep-time Earth research in the era of big data and artificial intelligence,the International Union of Geological Sciences initiated the“Deeptime Digital Earth International Big Science Program”(DDE)in 2019.At the core of this ambitious program lies the development of geoscience knowledge graphs,serving as a transformative knowledge infrastructure that enables the integration,sharing,mining,and analysis of heterogeneous geoscience big data.The DDE knowledge graph initiative has made significant strides in three critical dimensions:(1)establishing a unified knowledge structure across geoscience disciplines that ensures consistent representation of geological entities and their interrelationships through standardized ontologies and semantic frameworks;(2)developing a robust and scalable software infrastructure capable of supporting both expert-driven and machine-assisted knowledge engineering for large-scale graph construction and management;(3)implementing a comprehensive three-tiered architecture encompassing basic,discipline-specific,and application-oriented knowledge graphs,spanning approximately 20 geoscience disciplines.Through its open knowledge framework and international collaborative network,this initiative has fostered multinational research collaborations,establishing a robust foundation for next-generation geoscience research while propelling the discipline toward FAIR(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)data practices in deep-time Earth systems research.
文摘The 2024 Geoscience Frontiers Annual Convention was held in Kuching,Malaysia,from November 18th to 22th,2024,jointly with the 2024 IAGR Annual Convention and the 21st International Conference on Gondwana to Asia.The IAGR Convention attracted over 150 participants from various countries,including China,India,Australia,the Republic of Korea,Japan,Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Italy,Mexico,the United Kingdom,Saudi Arabia,France,and Brunei.
文摘The SCAR XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences(ISAES), which has been held every four years, will be held in Punta Arenas, Chile from 18 to 25 August 2025. ISAES aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of Antarctic Earth Sciences. The XIV ISAES calls for researchers from around the globe to share their latest research and insights on the Antarctic region's geology, climate, and ecosystems.
基金the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462024YJRC021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U24B2031 and 52104013).
文摘1.Introduction With the increasing demand for petroleum and natural gas resources,along with technological advancements in exploration and production,the primary frontier of oil and gas resources has shifted from conventional oil and gas development to the domains of“Two Deeps,One Unconventional,One Mature,”which include deep onshore,deepwater,unconventional resources,and mature oilfields[1].
文摘The contributions of our referees remain vital to maintaining the high quality of papers published in Geoscience Frontiers.Their thoughtful critiques,dedication to reviewing,and,on occasion,re-reviewing manuscripts submitted to the journal are deeply appreciated by boththe Editors and the Publisher.We would like to take this opportunity to extend our heartfelt thanks to the following referees for theirinvaluable input and support in reviewing manuscripts submitted in 2024.
文摘Ontologies are increasingly deployed as a computer-accessible representation of key semantics in various parts of a data life cycle and, thus, ontology dynamics may pose challenges to data management and re-use. By using examples in the field of geosciences, we analyze challenges raised by ontology dynamics, such as heavy reworking of data, semantic heterogeneity among data providers and users, and error propagation in cross-discipline data discovery and re-use. We also make recommendations to address these challenges： （1） communities of practice on ontologies to re- duce inconsistency and duplicated efforts; （2） use ontologies in the procedure of data collection and make them accessible to data users; and （3） seek methods to speed up the reworking of data in a Semantic Web context.
文摘The journal of Global Geology is sponsored by the International Center for Geoscience Research and Education in Northeast Asia,Jilin University of China(ISSN 1673-9736,CN 22-1371/P).The former name of the journal was Journal of Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia.It was launched in 1998 and served the geologist,teachers and students in geosciences.The Editorial Board is composed of 69 scientists from different countries in the world,including Belgium,China,Canada,Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,Germany,Japan,Mongolia,Republic of Korea,Russia,UK and USA.It was originally biannual,and then changed to a quarterly since 2008.We hope that the readers worldwide will be more interested in and continue to support the journal by contributing more papers.
文摘Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.
文摘Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91962218,42273061,41873034)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2022YFC2903503)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.PA2019GDZC0093)。
文摘CorelKit is developed with the built-in VBA environment of CorelDraw?,and is a new plug-in in CorelDraw for geological and geochemical drawing.CorelKit can help users quickly and easily draw geological and geochemical graphs,such as scatterplot,triangular scatterplot,line chart,histogram,bar chart,box plot,pie graph,etc.In order to adapt to the geological application,the above functions are strengthened.Scatterplot and triangular scatterplot provide nearly 150 common basemaps,covering rock classification,structural environment discrimination,mineral genesis,isotope geochemistry,etc.,for the convenience of the user mapping.Meanwhile,CorelKit further provides a structural joint rose diagram and sulfur isotopic composition diagram.This software also has many practical functions such as Bézier line topology,Multiple Bézier lines close fill,Single inner fill,Correction basemap,Add a compass,Add a scale,which facilitates daily geological drawing.The software has a friendly interface,in both Chinese and English versions,and is suitable for CorelDraw X4 and later versions.We introduced the Bézier line topology to CorelKit for the first time,which is similar to the GIS®topology for geological maps.According to the“GB/T 958-2015 Geological Legends Used for Regional Geological Map”,a two-color filling library of rock pattern pictures is established,which is convenient to realize the twocolor filling of sedimentary rocks,metamorphic rocks and magmatic rocks patterns.Obviously,CorelKit makes up for many shortcomings of CorelDraw in geosciences and is a very practical tool for geoscience researchers.
基金This study was supported by the project of China Geological Survey on a systematic assessment of ecological protection and natural resources utilization(DD20211413)。
文摘In the context of global climate change,geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality,China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality.This paper discusses the main problems,opportunities,and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality,as well as China’s response to them.The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories:(1)Carbon emission reduction technology(natural gas hydrate,geothermal,hot dry rock,nuclear energy,hydropower,wind energy,solar energy,hydrogen energy);(2)carbon sequestration technology(carbon capture and storage,underground space utilization);(3)key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization(raw materials for energy transformation,carbon reduction technology).Therefore,geosciences and geological technologies are needed:First,actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas,geothermal energy,hydropower,hot dry rock,and key energy minerals,and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas;the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection,carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures,and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters;the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences,organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources,carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory,and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines.The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research.In the future,it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects,enhance the ability of climate adaptation,and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
