The shock-induced ignition and detonation wave propagation in reactive elliptic premixed bubbles are numerically studied.Close attention is paid to the bubble geometry effect on the ignition pattern and the ensuing bu...The shock-induced ignition and detonation wave propagation in reactive elliptic premixed bubbles are numerically studied.Close attention is paid to the bubble geometry effect on the ignition pattern and the ensuing bubble behavior.Five elliptic bubbles with different aspect ratios are examined.According to the numerical results,three typical ignition patterns are identified under the same incident shock strength and the underlying mechanisms are interpreted.The difference in ignition pattern shows that,comparing with the inert shock-bubble interaction,the geometry effect in reactive shock-bubble interaction(RSBI)has more implications.In addition to the aspect ratio,the ignition location and the distance from the ignition spot to the nearest/farthest bubble surface should also be considered as elements of the geometry effect in RSBI.展开更多
In a set of vibrating quasi-two-dimensional containers with the right-hand sidewall bent inward, three new segregation patterns have been identified experimentally including a Two-Side segregation Pattern, a Left-hand...In a set of vibrating quasi-two-dimensional containers with the right-hand sidewall bent inward, three new segregation patterns have been identified experimentally including a Two-Side segregation Pattern, a Left-hand Side segregation Pattern and a pattern where big particles aggregate to the upper left part of the container. In a container with small bending degree, either the two-side segregation pattern or the left-hand side segregation pattern is stable, which is determined by the initial distribution of particles.展开更多
Three-dimensional thermo-electrical finite element analyses were conducted to simulate the current density and temperature distributions in solder bump joints with different pad geometries.The effects of pad thickness...Three-dimensional thermo-electrical finite element analyses were conducted to simulate the current density and temperature distributions in solder bump joints with different pad geometries.The effects of pad thickness,diameter and shape on current density and temperate distributions were investigated respectively.It was found that pads with larger thickness or/and diameter could reduce current density and temperature in solder bump significantly.Pad shapes affected the current density and temperature distributions in solder bumps.The relatively low current density and temperature didn＇t occur in the bump joint with traditional rounded pad but occurred in bump joints with octagonal and nonagonal pads respectively.Therefore,optimized pad geometry may be designed to alleviate the current crowding effect and reduce the bump temperature,and therefore delay electromigration failure and increase the mean-time-to-failure.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods From March 2003 to October 2006,213 cases with 294 osteoarthritic ...Objective To investigate the effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods From March 2003 to October 2006,213 cases with 294 osteoarthritic knees who展开更多
Spinel cobalt oxide(Co_(3)O_(4)),consisting of tetrahedral Co^(2+)(CoTd)and octahedral Co^(3+)(CoOh),is considered as promising earth-abundant electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).Identifying the catal...Spinel cobalt oxide(Co_(3)O_(4)),consisting of tetrahedral Co^(2+)(CoTd)and octahedral Co^(3+)(CoOh),is considered as promising earth-abundant electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).Identifying the catalytic contribution of geometric Co site in the electrocatalytic CER plays a pivotal role to precisely modulate electronic configuration of active Co sites to boost CER.Herein,combining density functional theory calculations and experiment results assisted with operando analysis,we found that the Co_(Oh) site acts as the main active site for CER in spinel Co_(3)O_(4),which shows better Cl^(-)adsorption and more moderate intermediate adsorption toward CER than CoTd site,and does not undergo redox transition under CER condition at applied potentials.Guided by above findings,the oxygen vacancies were further introduced into the Co_(3)O_(4) to precisely manipulate the electronic configuration of Co_(Oh) to boost Cl^(-)adsorption and optimize the reaction path of CER and thus to enhance the intrinsic CER activity significantly.Our work figures out the importance of geometric configuration dependent CER activity,shedding light on the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts from geometric configuration optimization at the atomic level.展开更多
The electromigration induced microstructure evolution and damage in asymmetric Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder interconnects were investigated by in-situ SEM observation, focused ion beam （FIB） microanalysis and finite element...The electromigration induced microstructure evolution and damage in asymmetric Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder interconnects were investigated by in-situ SEM observation, focused ion beam （FIB） microanalysis and finite element （FE） simulation. The SEM results show that the electromigration-induced local degradation of microstructures, i.e., segregation of Bi-rich phase and formation of microcracks, in the asymmetric solder interconnects is much severer than that in the symmetrical ones. FIB-SEM microanalysis reveals that the microregional heterogeneity in electrical resistance along different electron flowing paths is the key factor leading to non-uniform current distribution and the resultant electromigration damage. Theoretical analysis and FE simulation results manifest that the current crowding easily occurs at the local part with smaller resistance in an asymmetric solder interconnect. All results indicate that the asymmetric shape of the solder interconnect brings about the difference of the electrical resistance between the different microregions and further results in the severe electromigration damage.展开更多
In the present study,experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to examine the behavior of sandwich panels with honeycomb cores.The high velocity impact tests were carried out using a compressed air gu...In the present study,experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to examine the behavior of sandwich panels with honeycomb cores.The high velocity impact tests were carried out using a compressed air gun.A sharp conical nosed projectile was impacted normally and with some offset distance(20 mm and 40 mm).The deformation,failure mode and energy dissipation characteristics were obtained for both kinds of loading.Moreover,the explicit solver was run in Abaqus to create the finite element model.The numerically obtained test results were compared with the experimental to check the accuracy of the modelling.The numerical result was further employed to obtain strain energy dissipation in each element by externally running user-defined code in Abaqus.Furthermore,the influence of inscribe circle diameter and cell wall and face sheet thickness on the energy dissipation,deformation and failure mode was examined.The result found that ballistic resistance and deformation were higher against offset impact compared to the normal impact loading.Sandwich panel impacted at 40 mm offset distance required 3 m/s and 1.9 m/s more velocity than 0 and 20 mm offset distance.Also,increasing the face sheet and wall thickness had a positive impact on the ballistic resistance in terms of a higher ballistic limit and energy absorption.However,inscribe circle diameter had a negative influence on the ballistic resistance.Also,the geometrical parameters of the sandwich structure had a significant influence on the energy dissipation in the different deformation directions.The energy dissipation in plastic work was highest for circumferential direction,regardless of impact condition followed by tangential,radial and axial directions.展开更多
The electrical potential inside a cylinder with a space charge layer is used to express the neck potential barrier of nano-SnO2 gas elements, and the neck-controlled sensitivity and the grain size effect are studied. ...The electrical potential inside a cylinder with a space charge layer is used to express the neck potential barrier of nano-SnO2 gas elements, and the neck-controlled sensitivity and the grain size effect are studied. It is shown that the sensing properties are influenced by the microstructural features, such as the grain size, the geometry and connectivity between grains, and that the neck controlled sensitivity alone is higher than the neck-grain controlled sensitivity and the difference between the neck controlled sensitivity and the neck-grain controlled sensitivity is large in the high sensitivity range for nano-SnO2 gas elements, which suggests a possible approach to the improvement of the sensitivity of a sensor by decreasing the number of necks of a nano-grain SnO2 gas element.展开更多
Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate ...Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.展开更多
In this context,four specimens,i.e.(i)circumferentially notched cylindrical torsion(CNCT),(ii)circum-ferentially notched cylindrical direct tension(CNCDT),(iii)edge notch disc bend(ENDB)and(iv)three-point bend beam(3P...In this context,four specimens,i.e.(i)circumferentially notched cylindrical torsion(CNCT),(ii)circum-ferentially notched cylindrical direct tension(CNCDT),(iii)edge notch disc bend(ENDB)and(iv)three-point bend beam(3PBB),were utilized to measure the modesⅠandⅢfracture toughness values of gypsum.While the CNCT specimen provides pure modeⅢloading in a direct manner,this pure mode condition is indirectly produced by the ENDB specimen.The ENDB specimen provided lower KⅢc and a non-coplanar(i.e.twisted)fracture surface compared with the CNCT specimen,which showed a planar modeⅢfracture surface.The ENDB specimen is also employed for conducting pure modeⅠ(with different crack depths)and mixed modeⅠ/Ⅲtests.KIc value was independent of the notch depth,and it was consistent with the RILEM and ASTM standard methods.But the modeⅢfracture results were highly sensitive to the notch depth.While the fracture resistance against modeⅢwas significantly lower than that of modeⅠ,the greater work of fracture under modeⅢwas noticeable.展开更多
The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip In Ga N/Ga N quantum well light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with TiO2 microsphere arrays. The extractio...The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip In Ga N/Ga N quantum well light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with TiO2 microsphere arrays. The extraction efficiency for LEDs with microsphere arrays was investigated by focusing on the effect of the packing density,packing configuration, and diameter-to-period ratio. The comparison studies revealed the importance of having a hexagonal and close-packed monolayer microsphere array configuration for achieving optimum extraction efficiency, which translated into a 3.6-fold enhancement in light extraction compared to that for a planar LED. This improvement is attributed to the reduced Fresnel reflection and enlarged light escape cone. The engineering of the far-field radiation patterns was also demonstrated by tuning the packing density and packing configuration of the microsphere arrays.展开更多
Laser has become a powerful tool to manipulate micro-particles and atoms by radiation pressure or photophoretic force,but its effectiveness for large objects is less noticeable.Here,we report the direct observation of...Laser has become a powerful tool to manipulate micro-particles and atoms by radiation pressure or photophoretic force,but its effectiveness for large objects is less noticeable.Here,we report the direct observation of unusual light-induced attractive forces that allow manipulating centimeter-sized curved absorbing objects by a light beam.This force is attributed to the radiometric effect caused by the curvature of the vane and its magnitude and temporal responses are directly measured with a pendulum.Simulations suggest that the force arises from the bending of the vane,which results in a temperature difference of gas molecules between the concave and convex sides due to unbalanced gas convection.This large force(~4.4μN)is sufficient to rotate a motor with four curved vanes at speeds up to 600 r/min and even lifting a large vane.Manipulating macroscopic objects by light could have significant applications for solar radiationpowered near-space propulsion systems and for understanding the mechanisms of negative photophoretic forces.展开更多
Inertial fusion energy （IFE） has been considered a promising, nearly inexhaustible source of sustainable carbon-free power for the world＇s energy future. It has long been recognized that the control of hydrodynamic...Inertial fusion energy （IFE） has been considered a promising, nearly inexhaustible source of sustainable carbon-free power for the world＇s energy future. It has long been recognized that the control of hydrodynamic instabilities is of critical importance for ignition and high-gain in the inertial-confinement fusion （ICF） hot-spot ignition scheme. In this mini-review, we summarize the progress of theoretical and simulation research of hydrodynamic instabilities in the ICF central hot-spot implosion in our group over the past decade. In order to obtain sufficient understanding of the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in ICF, we first decompose the problem into different stages according to the implosion physics processes. The decomposed essential physics pro- cesses that are associated with ICF implosions, such as Rayleigh-Taylor instability （RTI）, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability （RMI）, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability （KHI）, convergent geometry effects, as well as perturbation feed-through are reviewed. Analyti- cal models in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries have been established to study different physical aspects, including density-gradient, interface-coupling, geometry, and convergent effects. The influence of ablation in the presence of preheating on the RTI has been extensively studied by numerical simulations. The KHI considering the ablation effect has been discussed in detail for the first time. A series of single-mode ablative RTI experiments has been performed on the Shenguang-II laser facility. The theoretical and simulation research provides us the physical insights of linear and weakly nonlinear growths, and nonlinear evolutions of the hydrodynamic instabilities in ICF implosions, which has directly supported the research of ICF ignition target design. The ICF hot-spot ignition implosion design that uses several controlling features, based on our current understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities, to address shell implosion stability, has been briefly described, several of which are novel.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 12002102).
文摘The shock-induced ignition and detonation wave propagation in reactive elliptic premixed bubbles are numerically studied.Close attention is paid to the bubble geometry effect on the ignition pattern and the ensuing bubble behavior.Five elliptic bubbles with different aspect ratios are examined.According to the numerical results,three typical ignition patterns are identified under the same incident shock strength and the underlying mechanisms are interpreted.The difference in ignition pattern shows that,comparing with the inert shock-bubble interaction,the geometry effect in reactive shock-bubble interaction(RSBI)has more implications.In addition to the aspect ratio,the ignition location and the distance from the ignition spot to the nearest/farthest bubble surface should also be considered as elements of the geometry effect in RSBI.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10274074）, and the Australian Research Council through a Discovery Project Grant.
文摘In a set of vibrating quasi-two-dimensional containers with the right-hand sidewall bent inward, three new segregation patterns have been identified experimentally including a Two-Side segregation Pattern, a Left-hand Side segregation Pattern and a pattern where big particles aggregate to the upper left part of the container. In a container with small bending degree, either the two-side segregation pattern or the left-hand side segregation pattern is stable, which is determined by the initial distribution of particles.
文摘Three-dimensional thermo-electrical finite element analyses were conducted to simulate the current density and temperature distributions in solder bump joints with different pad geometries.The effects of pad thickness,diameter and shape on current density and temperate distributions were investigated respectively.It was found that pads with larger thickness or/and diameter could reduce current density and temperature in solder bump significantly.Pad shapes affected the current density and temperature distributions in solder bumps.The relatively low current density and temperature didn＇t occur in the bump joint with traditional rounded pad but occurred in bump joints with octagonal and nonagonal pads respectively.Therefore,optimized pad geometry may be designed to alleviate the current crowding effect and reduce the bump temperature,and therefore delay electromigration failure and increase the mean-time-to-failure.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods From March 2003 to October 2006,213 cases with 294 osteoarthritic knees who
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20286,22206054 and 21805069)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(2021CFB094)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central China Normal University(CCNU)for financial support。
文摘Spinel cobalt oxide(Co_(3)O_(4)),consisting of tetrahedral Co^(2+)(CoTd)and octahedral Co^(3+)(CoOh),is considered as promising earth-abundant electrocatalyst for chlorine evolution reaction(CER).Identifying the catalytic contribution of geometric Co site in the electrocatalytic CER plays a pivotal role to precisely modulate electronic configuration of active Co sites to boost CER.Herein,combining density functional theory calculations and experiment results assisted with operando analysis,we found that the Co_(Oh) site acts as the main active site for CER in spinel Co_(3)O_(4),which shows better Cl^(-)adsorption and more moderate intermediate adsorption toward CER than CoTd site,and does not undergo redox transition under CER condition at applied potentials.Guided by above findings,the oxygen vacancies were further introduced into the Co_(3)O_(4) to precisely manipulate the electronic configuration of Co_(Oh) to boost Cl^(-)adsorption and optimize the reaction path of CER and thus to enhance the intrinsic CER activity significantly.Our work figures out the importance of geometric configuration dependent CER activity,shedding light on the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts from geometric configuration optimization at the atomic level.
基金Project(51275178)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20110172110003)supported by ResearchFund for the Program of Higher Education of China
文摘The electromigration induced microstructure evolution and damage in asymmetric Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu solder interconnects were investigated by in-situ SEM observation, focused ion beam （FIB） microanalysis and finite element （FE） simulation. The SEM results show that the electromigration-induced local degradation of microstructures, i.e., segregation of Bi-rich phase and formation of microcracks, in the asymmetric solder interconnects is much severer than that in the symmetrical ones. FIB-SEM microanalysis reveals that the microregional heterogeneity in electrical resistance along different electron flowing paths is the key factor leading to non-uniform current distribution and the resultant electromigration damage. Theoretical analysis and FE simulation results manifest that the current crowding easily occurs at the local part with smaller resistance in an asymmetric solder interconnect. All results indicate that the asymmetric shape of the solder interconnect brings about the difference of the electrical resistance between the different microregions and further results in the severe electromigration damage.
文摘In the present study,experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to examine the behavior of sandwich panels with honeycomb cores.The high velocity impact tests were carried out using a compressed air gun.A sharp conical nosed projectile was impacted normally and with some offset distance(20 mm and 40 mm).The deformation,failure mode and energy dissipation characteristics were obtained for both kinds of loading.Moreover,the explicit solver was run in Abaqus to create the finite element model.The numerically obtained test results were compared with the experimental to check the accuracy of the modelling.The numerical result was further employed to obtain strain energy dissipation in each element by externally running user-defined code in Abaqus.Furthermore,the influence of inscribe circle diameter and cell wall and face sheet thickness on the energy dissipation,deformation and failure mode was examined.The result found that ballistic resistance and deformation were higher against offset impact compared to the normal impact loading.Sandwich panel impacted at 40 mm offset distance required 3 m/s and 1.9 m/s more velocity than 0 and 20 mm offset distance.Also,increasing the face sheet and wall thickness had a positive impact on the ballistic resistance in terms of a higher ballistic limit and energy absorption.However,inscribe circle diameter had a negative influence on the ballistic resistance.Also,the geometrical parameters of the sandwich structure had a significant influence on the energy dissipation in the different deformation directions.The energy dissipation in plastic work was highest for circumferential direction,regardless of impact condition followed by tangential,radial and axial directions.
基金Chongqing Education Committee Foundation (No.020804)
文摘The electrical potential inside a cylinder with a space charge layer is used to express the neck potential barrier of nano-SnO2 gas elements, and the neck-controlled sensitivity and the grain size effect are studied. It is shown that the sensing properties are influenced by the microstructural features, such as the grain size, the geometry and connectivity between grains, and that the neck controlled sensitivity alone is higher than the neck-grain controlled sensitivity and the difference between the neck controlled sensitivity and the neck-grain controlled sensitivity is large in the high sensitivity range for nano-SnO2 gas elements, which suggests a possible approach to the improvement of the sensitivity of a sensor by decreasing the number of necks of a nano-grain SnO2 gas element.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10872096)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing University of Science and Technology (KFJJ09-13)
文摘Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.
文摘In this context,four specimens,i.e.(i)circumferentially notched cylindrical torsion(CNCT),(ii)circum-ferentially notched cylindrical direct tension(CNCDT),(iii)edge notch disc bend(ENDB)and(iv)three-point bend beam(3PBB),were utilized to measure the modesⅠandⅢfracture toughness values of gypsum.While the CNCT specimen provides pure modeⅢloading in a direct manner,this pure mode condition is indirectly produced by the ENDB specimen.The ENDB specimen provided lower KⅢc and a non-coplanar(i.e.twisted)fracture surface compared with the CNCT specimen,which showed a planar modeⅢfracture surface.The ENDB specimen is also employed for conducting pure modeⅠ(with different crack depths)and mixed modeⅠ/Ⅲtests.KIc value was independent of the notch depth,and it was consistent with the RILEM and ASTM standard methods.But the modeⅢfracture results were highly sensitive to the notch depth.While the fracture resistance against modeⅢwas significantly lower than that of modeⅠ,the greater work of fracture under modeⅢwas noticeable.
基金the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant No. NE TL, DE-PS26-08NT00290)in part by the National Science Foundation (ECCS-1408051, CBET1120399)
文摘The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip In Ga N/Ga N quantum well light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with TiO2 microsphere arrays. The extraction efficiency for LEDs with microsphere arrays was investigated by focusing on the effect of the packing density,packing configuration, and diameter-to-period ratio. The comparison studies revealed the importance of having a hexagonal and close-packed monolayer microsphere array configuration for achieving optimum extraction efficiency, which translated into a 3.6-fold enhancement in light extraction compared to that for a planar LED. This improvement is attributed to the reduced Fresnel reflection and enlarged light escape cone. The engineering of the far-field radiation patterns was also demonstrated by tuning the packing density and packing configuration of the microsphere arrays.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61775036)the high-level talents program of Dongguan University of Technology(Grant No.KCYCXPT2017003).
文摘Laser has become a powerful tool to manipulate micro-particles and atoms by radiation pressure or photophoretic force,but its effectiveness for large objects is less noticeable.Here,we report the direct observation of unusual light-induced attractive forces that allow manipulating centimeter-sized curved absorbing objects by a light beam.This force is attributed to the radiometric effect caused by the curvature of the vane and its magnitude and temporal responses are directly measured with a pendulum.Simulations suggest that the force arises from the bending of the vane,which results in a temperature difference of gas molecules between the concave and convex sides due to unbalanced gas convection.This large force(~4.4μN)is sufficient to rotate a motor with four curved vanes at speeds up to 600 r/min and even lifting a large vane.Manipulating macroscopic objects by light could have significant applications for solar radiationpowered near-space propulsion systems and for understanding the mechanisms of negative photophoretic forces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11275031,11675026,11475032,11475034,11575033,and 11274026)the Foundation of President of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant No.2014-1-040)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB834100)
文摘Inertial fusion energy （IFE） has been considered a promising, nearly inexhaustible source of sustainable carbon-free power for the world＇s energy future. It has long been recognized that the control of hydrodynamic instabilities is of critical importance for ignition and high-gain in the inertial-confinement fusion （ICF） hot-spot ignition scheme. In this mini-review, we summarize the progress of theoretical and simulation research of hydrodynamic instabilities in the ICF central hot-spot implosion in our group over the past decade. In order to obtain sufficient understanding of the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in ICF, we first decompose the problem into different stages according to the implosion physics processes. The decomposed essential physics pro- cesses that are associated with ICF implosions, such as Rayleigh-Taylor instability （RTI）, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability （RMI）, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability （KHI）, convergent geometry effects, as well as perturbation feed-through are reviewed. Analyti- cal models in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries have been established to study different physical aspects, including density-gradient, interface-coupling, geometry, and convergent effects. The influence of ablation in the presence of preheating on the RTI has been extensively studied by numerical simulations. The KHI considering the ablation effect has been discussed in detail for the first time. A series of single-mode ablative RTI experiments has been performed on the Shenguang-II laser facility. The theoretical and simulation research provides us the physical insights of linear and weakly nonlinear growths, and nonlinear evolutions of the hydrodynamic instabilities in ICF implosions, which has directly supported the research of ICF ignition target design. The ICF hot-spot ignition implosion design that uses several controlling features, based on our current understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities, to address shell implosion stability, has been briefly described, several of which are novel.
