This study was an effort to calculate geographic coordinates, solar horizontal and equatorial cooridnates, direction of Qibla, sizes of Earth and Sun through gnomon (a vertical stick casting shadow). Gnomon has been u...This study was an effort to calculate geographic coordinates, solar horizontal and equatorial cooridnates, direction of Qibla, sizes of Earth and Sun through gnomon (a vertical stick casting shadow). Gnomon has been used in history for remote navigations, astronomical and geodetic measurements. Geographic coordinates were found out with accuracy of less than 0.19 decimal degree from gnomon. Sun’s horizontal and equatorial coordinates were calculated and analyzed with US Navy Observatory and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. These coordinates were less than 0.01 decimal degree different from coordinates provided by US Navy and following same daily trend with time. Through spherical triangle, direction of Qibla was found out. And it came out less than 0.18 decimal degree different from its value, used in Lahore. Radius of the earth measured from gnomon using concepts of Al Buruni was 1.45 km different from its true value. Using geometrical technique of similar and concurrent triangles, size of the sun was calculated and it was 1,651,088.776 km. Investigation of systematic and random errors in each calculation was the part of this research.展开更多
Dear Editor,Remote sensing data formats are essential for storing,organizing,and managing imagery collected by satellites and sensors.These formats store remote sensing images and their related information,such as geo...Dear Editor,Remote sensing data formats are essential for storing,organizing,and managing imagery collected by satellites and sensors.These formats store remote sensing images and their related information,such as geographic coordinates and band information.It specifies the data storage order,encoding method,header file(which includes the basic information of the image,including the number of rows,columns,bands,and data types),and the organization of the data body.展开更多
文摘This study was an effort to calculate geographic coordinates, solar horizontal and equatorial cooridnates, direction of Qibla, sizes of Earth and Sun through gnomon (a vertical stick casting shadow). Gnomon has been used in history for remote navigations, astronomical and geodetic measurements. Geographic coordinates were found out with accuracy of less than 0.19 decimal degree from gnomon. Sun’s horizontal and equatorial coordinates were calculated and analyzed with US Navy Observatory and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. These coordinates were less than 0.01 decimal degree different from coordinates provided by US Navy and following same daily trend with time. Through spherical triangle, direction of Qibla was found out. And it came out less than 0.18 decimal degree different from its value, used in Lahore. Radius of the earth measured from gnomon using concepts of Al Buruni was 1.45 km different from its true value. Using geometrical technique of similar and concurrent triangles, size of the sun was calculated and it was 1,651,088.776 km. Investigation of systematic and random errors in each calculation was the part of this research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFF0904400)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant no.2024ZD10021)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.41830108).
文摘Dear Editor,Remote sensing data formats are essential for storing,organizing,and managing imagery collected by satellites and sensors.These formats store remote sensing images and their related information,such as geographic coordinates and band information.It specifies the data storage order,encoding method,header file(which includes the basic information of the image,including the number of rows,columns,bands,and data types),and the organization of the data body.
