Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of molecules capable of perceiving environmental changes and exerting posttranscriptional regulation over target gene expression,thereby influencing bacterial virulence and host immune res...Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of molecules capable of perceiving environmental changes and exerting posttranscriptional regulation over target gene expression,thereby influencing bacterial virulence and host immune responses.Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to aquatic animal health.However,the regulatory mechanisms of sRNAs in P.plecoglossicida remain unclear.This study focused on sRNA113,previously identified as a potential regulator of the fliP gene,a key component of the lateral flagellar type III secretion system.To investigate the effects of sRNA113on P.plecoglossicida virulence,as well as its role in regulating pathogenic processes and host immune responses,mutant strains lacking this sRNA were generated and analyzed.Deletion of sRNA113 resulted in the up-regulation of lateral flagellar type III secretion system-related genes in P.plecoglossicida,which enhanced bacterial swarming motility,biofilm formation,and chemotaxis ability in vitro.In vivo infection experiments with pearl gentian grouper revealed that sRNA113 deletion enhanced the pathogenicity of P.plecoglossicida.This heightened virulence was attributed to the up-regulation of genes associated with the lateral flagellar type III secretion system,resulting in higher bacterial loads within host tissues.This amplification of pathogenic activity intensified tissue damage,disrupted immune responses,and impaired the ability of the host to clear infection,ultimately leading to mortality.These findings underscore the critical role of sRNA113 in regulating the virulence of P.plecoglossicida and its interaction with host immune defenses.This study provides a foundation for further exploration of sRNAmediated mechanisms in bacterial pathogenesis and hostpathogen interactions,contributing to a deeper understanding of virulence regulation and immune evasion in aquatic pathogens.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tibetan gentian(Gentiana spp.)extract and its essence when compounded with a facial mask matrix.It also evaluates the efficacy of facial masks containing gent...This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tibetan gentian(Gentiana spp.)extract and its essence when compounded with a facial mask matrix.It also evaluates the efficacy of facial masks containing gentian extract on sensitive facial skin and analyzes the comprehensive performance of the mask.A total of 90 patients with facial sensitive skin,enrolled between October 2022 and December 2024,were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group,with 45 patients in each.The control group used standard facial masks,while the observation group used masks containing gentian extract.Both groups underwent a 4-week intervention.The effi cacy,lactic acid stinging test indicators,and skin physiological function parameters were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the overall eff ectiveness rate in the observation group reached 93.26%,signifi cantly higher than 71.20%in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,both groups showed notable improvements compared to baseline in lactic acid stinging test scores and physiological skin indicators.Specifi cally,the observation group had signifi cantly lower stinging scores and a longer latency before the onset of stinging compared to the control group.Moreover,the skin pH values were lower,while sebum levels and stratum corneum hydration were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in either group.These fi ndings suggest that facial masks containing gentian extract eff ectively alleviate symptoms of sensitive facial skin,enhance skin barrier function and tolerance,and are safe for use.展开更多
A field experiment of 2-year-old gentian （Gentiana manshurica Kitag.） with application of boron （B）, zinc （Zn）, and iron （Fe） in Taikang County, Heilongjiang Province, was conducted to study the effects of the...A field experiment of 2-year-old gentian （Gentiana manshurica Kitag.） with application of boron （B）, zinc （Zn）, and iron （Fe） in Taikang County, Heilongjiang Province, was conducted to study the effects of the three microelements on gentiopicroside content in the roots of gentian, uptake of these elements, and root dry weight as well as the ratio of root dry weight to fresh weight. Zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and borax were split sprinkled on 2-year-old gentian on June 26, July 18, and August 25, 2002, with sprinkling water taken as a control. Compared with the control, applying B significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） the gentiopicroside content by 7.9%, and there was a highly significant increase of 22.4% （P 〈 0.01） in the root dry weight. Meanwhile, B content in the shoots of gentian gradually increased from the vegetative to the harvesting period, while Fe decreased at first and then increased. Fc treatment increased the gentiopicroside content only by 4.0% and the content was slightly decreased by the Zn treatment （3.1%） as compared to the control. The three microelements had different effects on the gentiopicroside content and appropriate microelement application could increase active ingredient content of gentian.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquacultu...[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquaculture system for the experiment. Simultaneously, approximately 1 800 groupers were placed in each of the two pools for treatment or control. The initial weight of the individual fish was （275.55 ＋29.79）g. They were fed with either a control diet or one con- raining 0.6% laminarin in the pools for 66 d. [ Result] At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain of the groupers in treatment group was increased by 29.03% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the specific growth ratio was increased by 23.88% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the feed conversion rate was decreased by 15.20% （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared to control group, while there was no significant difference in muscle nutritional components between treatment group and control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. For each kilogram weight gain of an individual fish, the cost of the treatment diet was 1.96 yuan less than that of control diet, i. e. , a reduction of 12.54%. On the other hand, the activities of alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, lysozyme （LZM） and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of the groupers in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] Addition of 0.6% laminarin in the regular feed would improve the growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers in aquaculture.展开更多
As probably the most misread writer of the 20th century, D. H. Lawrence was not only a great novelist, but also a great poet, who should have shared the same importance as W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot."Bavarian Ge...As probably the most misread writer of the 20th century, D. H. Lawrence was not only a great novelist, but also a great poet, who should have shared the same importance as W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot."Bavarian Gentians"is one of his masterpieces, which was written in the last few months of his life along with some other poems on death, heaven and hell, including The Ship of Death, Glory of Darkness and Song of Death. The mythological poem, a bit mystic and surreal, embodies the view of Lawrence on death. This paper is trying to give a brief analysis on the images and theme of the poem.展开更多
The utilization efficiency of soy protein is affected by its 2 anti-nutritional substancesdthe antigens bconglycinin and glycinin.This study investigated their effects on the growth performance,intestinal immune defen...The utilization efficiency of soy protein is affected by its 2 anti-nutritional substancesdthe antigens bconglycinin and glycinin.This study investigated their effects on the growth performance,intestinal immune defense,andmicrobiome in juvenile pearl gentian groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂).Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing fishmeal supplemented with 70 g/kgβ-conglycinin or 100 g/kg glycinin,or no supplementation(control).Each experimental diet was fed to quadruplicate groups with 30 fish in each tank for 8 weeks.Dietary inclusion of eitherβ-conglycinin or glycinin significantly reduced weight gain and specific growth rates,and cell proliferation of the distal intestine.Histological evaluation of the intestine tract revealed the inflammation signs,characterized by reducing of plica height and width as well as the number of the goblet cells,and widening of the lamina propria.The group fed theβ-conglycinin diet had reduced lysozyme activity,contents of immunoglobulin M and complements 3 and 4.Increased activities of caspase-3 and-9 were observed in the group fed the bconglycinin diet compared to the other 2 groups.In the intestinal microbiota,the relative abundances of the potentially pathogenic genera Photobacterium and Vibrio were significantly higher in the glycinin group than those in others.Therefore,the existence of soybean antigens(β-conglycinin or glycinin)could damage the structural integrity of the intestine,reduce immune defense,reshape the intestinal microbiome and,ultimately,impair growth in fish.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of incomplete stem removal in the process of Gentian root and stem separation,a roller-type Gentian stem removal device was designed.Based on the mechanical characteristics of Gentian stems and t...Aiming at the problem of incomplete stem removal in the process of Gentian root and stem separation,a roller-type Gentian stem removal device was designed.Based on the mechanical characteristics of Gentian stems and the force analysis of the extraction process,the operating conditions for the complete removal of Gentian stems were determined.When the tensile force exerted by the stem-pulling rollers on the Gentian stems is less than the tensile force of the Gentian stems and greater than the maximum tensile force required for the Gentian stems to be removed at the stem bases,the complete removal of Gentian stems from the stem base can be realized.The bionic design method is used to construct the bionic flexible surface structure of the stem-pulling rollers by taking the tree frog toe pad as the bionic prototype and investigating its flexible surface microstructure and friction-enhancing characteristics.EDEM simulation software is used to establish the contact model between the bionic flexible stem-pulling rollers and Gentian stems,and the optimal structural parameters of the bionic flexible surface are determined through simulation tests.The optimal working parameters of the bionic flexible roller are determined through test rig tests.The experimental results showed that when the diameter of the hexagonal prism of the bionic surface was 5.67 mm,the spacing of adjacent hexagonal prisms was 2.62 mm,and the height of the hexagonal prism was 3.21 mm,the bionic flexible stem-pulling rollers exerted a maximum tensile force of 30.23 N,and the Gentian stems were not broken.When the speed of the rollers was 195 r/min,the spacing between stem-pulling rollers was 3.0 mm,and the height of the rollers clamping position was 250 mm,the maximum tensile force required for Gentian stem removal was 13.88 N,and the net removal rate reached 94.35%.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32373181)National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFD2400700)+2 种基金Science and Technology Plan Project of Fujian Province (2022L3059)High-quality Development of Marine and Fishery Industry Special Fund Project of Fujian Province (FJHYF-L-2023-5)Open Fund of Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (TMKJZ2302)。
文摘Small RNAs(sRNAs)are a class of molecules capable of perceiving environmental changes and exerting posttranscriptional regulation over target gene expression,thereby influencing bacterial virulence and host immune responses.Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to aquatic animal health.However,the regulatory mechanisms of sRNAs in P.plecoglossicida remain unclear.This study focused on sRNA113,previously identified as a potential regulator of the fliP gene,a key component of the lateral flagellar type III secretion system.To investigate the effects of sRNA113on P.plecoglossicida virulence,as well as its role in regulating pathogenic processes and host immune responses,mutant strains lacking this sRNA were generated and analyzed.Deletion of sRNA113 resulted in the up-regulation of lateral flagellar type III secretion system-related genes in P.plecoglossicida,which enhanced bacterial swarming motility,biofilm formation,and chemotaxis ability in vitro.In vivo infection experiments with pearl gentian grouper revealed that sRNA113 deletion enhanced the pathogenicity of P.plecoglossicida.This heightened virulence was attributed to the up-regulation of genes associated with the lateral flagellar type III secretion system,resulting in higher bacterial loads within host tissues.This amplification of pathogenic activity intensified tissue damage,disrupted immune responses,and impaired the ability of the host to clear infection,ultimately leading to mortality.These findings underscore the critical role of sRNA113 in regulating the virulence of P.plecoglossicida and its interaction with host immune defenses.This study provides a foundation for further exploration of sRNAmediated mechanisms in bacterial pathogenesis and hostpathogen interactions,contributing to a deeper understanding of virulence regulation and immune evasion in aquatic pathogens.
文摘This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tibetan gentian(Gentiana spp.)extract and its essence when compounded with a facial mask matrix.It also evaluates the efficacy of facial masks containing gentian extract on sensitive facial skin and analyzes the comprehensive performance of the mask.A total of 90 patients with facial sensitive skin,enrolled between October 2022 and December 2024,were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group,with 45 patients in each.The control group used standard facial masks,while the observation group used masks containing gentian extract.Both groups underwent a 4-week intervention.The effi cacy,lactic acid stinging test indicators,and skin physiological function parameters were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the overall eff ectiveness rate in the observation group reached 93.26%,signifi cantly higher than 71.20%in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,both groups showed notable improvements compared to baseline in lactic acid stinging test scores and physiological skin indicators.Specifi cally,the observation group had signifi cantly lower stinging scores and a longer latency before the onset of stinging compared to the control group.Moreover,the skin pH values were lower,while sebum levels and stratum corneum hydration were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in either group.These fi ndings suggest that facial masks containing gentian extract eff ectively alleviate symptoms of sensitive facial skin,enhance skin barrier function and tolerance,and are safe for use.
基金Project supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province (No. GC01C405-02).
文摘A field experiment of 2-year-old gentian （Gentiana manshurica Kitag.） with application of boron （B）, zinc （Zn）, and iron （Fe） in Taikang County, Heilongjiang Province, was conducted to study the effects of the three microelements on gentiopicroside content in the roots of gentian, uptake of these elements, and root dry weight as well as the ratio of root dry weight to fresh weight. Zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and borax were split sprinkled on 2-year-old gentian on June 26, July 18, and August 25, 2002, with sprinkling water taken as a control. Compared with the control, applying B significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） the gentiopicroside content by 7.9%, and there was a highly significant increase of 22.4% （P 〈 0.01） in the root dry weight. Meanwhile, B content in the shoots of gentian gradually increased from the vegetative to the harvesting period, while Fe decreased at first and then increased. Fc treatment increased the gentiopicroside content only by 4.0% and the content was slightly decreased by the Zn treatment （3.1%） as compared to the control. The three microelements had different effects on the gentiopicroside content and appropriate microelement application could increase active ingredient content of gentian.
基金Supported by Special Project for Marine High-tech Industry Development in Fujian Province(2012-28,2014-22)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the effects of laminarin on growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers. [ Method] Four separate 30 m2 concrete pools were used as a closed circulating water aquaculture system for the experiment. Simultaneously, approximately 1 800 groupers were placed in each of the two pools for treatment or control. The initial weight of the individual fish was （275.55 ＋29.79）g. They were fed with either a control diet or one con- raining 0.6% laminarin in the pools for 66 d. [ Result] At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain of the groupers in treatment group was increased by 29.03% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the specific growth ratio was increased by 23.88% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the feed conversion rate was decreased by 15.20% （ P 〈 0.05 ） compared to control group, while there was no significant difference in muscle nutritional components between treatment group and control group （ P 〉 0.05 ）. For each kilogram weight gain of an individual fish, the cost of the treatment diet was 1.96 yuan less than that of control diet, i. e. , a reduction of 12.54%. On the other hand, the activities of alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, lysozyme （LZM） and total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） of the groupers in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] Addition of 0.6% laminarin in the regular feed would improve the growth performance and immunity of pearl gentian groupers in aquaculture.
文摘As probably the most misread writer of the 20th century, D. H. Lawrence was not only a great novelist, but also a great poet, who should have shared the same importance as W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot."Bavarian Gentians"is one of his masterpieces, which was written in the last few months of his life along with some other poems on death, heaven and hell, including The Ship of Death, Glory of Darkness and Song of Death. The mythological poem, a bit mystic and surreal, embodies the view of Lawrence on death. This paper is trying to give a brief analysis on the images and theme of the poem.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)the China Agriculture Research System of MOFand MARA(CARS-47)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31772864)the Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)(ZJW-2019-06)。
文摘The utilization efficiency of soy protein is affected by its 2 anti-nutritional substancesdthe antigens bconglycinin and glycinin.This study investigated their effects on the growth performance,intestinal immune defense,andmicrobiome in juvenile pearl gentian groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂).Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated containing fishmeal supplemented with 70 g/kgβ-conglycinin or 100 g/kg glycinin,or no supplementation(control).Each experimental diet was fed to quadruplicate groups with 30 fish in each tank for 8 weeks.Dietary inclusion of eitherβ-conglycinin or glycinin significantly reduced weight gain and specific growth rates,and cell proliferation of the distal intestine.Histological evaluation of the intestine tract revealed the inflammation signs,characterized by reducing of plica height and width as well as the number of the goblet cells,and widening of the lamina propria.The group fed theβ-conglycinin diet had reduced lysozyme activity,contents of immunoglobulin M and complements 3 and 4.Increased activities of caspase-3 and-9 were observed in the group fed the bconglycinin diet compared to the other 2 groups.In the intestinal microbiota,the relative abundances of the potentially pathogenic genera Photobacterium and Vibrio were significantly higher in the glycinin group than those in others.Therefore,the existence of soybean antigens(β-conglycinin or glycinin)could damage the structural integrity of the intestine,reduce immune defense,reshape the intestinal microbiome and,ultimately,impair growth in fish.
基金support of the Basic Scientific Research Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(Grant No.LJKMZ20220998)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275264).
文摘Aiming at the problem of incomplete stem removal in the process of Gentian root and stem separation,a roller-type Gentian stem removal device was designed.Based on the mechanical characteristics of Gentian stems and the force analysis of the extraction process,the operating conditions for the complete removal of Gentian stems were determined.When the tensile force exerted by the stem-pulling rollers on the Gentian stems is less than the tensile force of the Gentian stems and greater than the maximum tensile force required for the Gentian stems to be removed at the stem bases,the complete removal of Gentian stems from the stem base can be realized.The bionic design method is used to construct the bionic flexible surface structure of the stem-pulling rollers by taking the tree frog toe pad as the bionic prototype and investigating its flexible surface microstructure and friction-enhancing characteristics.EDEM simulation software is used to establish the contact model between the bionic flexible stem-pulling rollers and Gentian stems,and the optimal structural parameters of the bionic flexible surface are determined through simulation tests.The optimal working parameters of the bionic flexible roller are determined through test rig tests.The experimental results showed that when the diameter of the hexagonal prism of the bionic surface was 5.67 mm,the spacing of adjacent hexagonal prisms was 2.62 mm,and the height of the hexagonal prism was 3.21 mm,the bionic flexible stem-pulling rollers exerted a maximum tensile force of 30.23 N,and the Gentian stems were not broken.When the speed of the rollers was 195 r/min,the spacing between stem-pulling rollers was 3.0 mm,and the height of the rollers clamping position was 250 mm,the maximum tensile force required for Gentian stem removal was 13.88 N,and the net removal rate reached 94.35%.
