This paper presents an algorithm named the dependency-aware offloading framework(DeAOff),which is designed to optimize the deployment of Gen-AI decoder models in mobile edge computing(MEC)environments.These models,suc...This paper presents an algorithm named the dependency-aware offloading framework(DeAOff),which is designed to optimize the deployment of Gen-AI decoder models in mobile edge computing(MEC)environments.These models,such as decoders,pose significant challenges due to their interlayer dependencies and high computational demands,especially under edge resource constraints.To address these challenges,we propose a two-phase optimization algorithm that first handles dependencyaware task allocation and subsequently optimizes energy consumption.By modeling the inference process using directed acyclic graphs(DAGs)and applying constraint relaxation techniques,our approach effectively reduces execution latency and energy usage.Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a reduction of up to 20%in task completion time and approximately 30%savings in energy consumption compared to traditional methods.These outcomes underscore our solution’s robustness in managing complex sequential dependencies and dynamic MEC conditions,enhancing quality of service.Thus,our work presents a practical and efficient resource optimization strategy for deploying models in resourceconstrained MEC scenarios.展开更多
This paper presents a kind of artificial intelligent system-generalized computing system (GCS for short), and introduces its mathematical description, implement problem and learning problem.
Generalized computing is a kind of general intelligent problem solving methods which combine symbolic computing with neuro-computing, fuzzy computing and evolutionary computing. This paper discusses the fundamental pr...Generalized computing is a kind of general intelligent problem solving methods which combine symbolic computing with neuro-computing, fuzzy computing and evolutionary computing. This paper discusses the fundamental principle or generalized computing and its relationship with computational intelligence. At the same time, the common structure or the generalized computing models and generalized computing systems is given.展开更多
Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a nove...Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.展开更多
Imaging through fluctuating scattering media such as fog is of challenge since it seriously degrades the image quality.We investigate how the image quality of computational ghost imaging is reduced by fluctuating fog ...Imaging through fluctuating scattering media such as fog is of challenge since it seriously degrades the image quality.We investigate how the image quality of computational ghost imaging is reduced by fluctuating fog and how to obtain a high-quality defogging ghost image. We show theoretically and experimentally that the photon number fluctuations introduced by fluctuating fog is the reason for ghost image degradation. An algorithm is proposed to process the signals collected by the computational ghost imaging device to eliminate photon number fluctuations of different measurement events. Thus, a high-quality defogging ghost image is reconstructed even though fog is evenly distributed on the optical path. A nearly 100% defogging ghost image is obtained by further using a cycle generative adversarial network to process the reconstructed defogging image.展开更多
The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and ne...The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and network implementation of the existing service-oriented systems differ case by case. Furthermore, many systems lack the capability of being applied to resource constrained devices, for example, sensors. Therefore, we propose a standardized approach to present a service to the network and to access a networked service, which can be adopted by arbitrary types of devices. In this approach, services are specified and exposed through a set of standardized interfaces. Moreover, a virtual community concept is introduced to determine a secure boundary within which services can be freely discovered, accessed and composed into applications;a hierarchical management scheme is presented which enables the third party management of services and their underlying resources. In this way, application control logic goes into the network and environment context is dealt with intelligently by the system. A prototype system is developed to validate our ideas. Results show the feasibility of this open distributed system software architecture.展开更多
To achieve the artificial general intelligence （AGI）, imitate the intelligence？ or imitate the brain？ This is the question! Most artificial intelligence （AI） approaches set the understanding of the intelligence ...To achieve the artificial general intelligence （AGI）, imitate the intelligence？ or imitate the brain？ This is the question! Most artificial intelligence （AI） approaches set the understanding of the intelligence principle as their premise. This may be correct to implement specific intelligence such as computing, symbolic logic, or what the AlphaGo could do. However, this is not correct for AGI, because to understand the principle of the brain intelligence is one of the most difficult challenges for our human beings. It is not wise to set such a question as the premise of the AGI mission. To achieve AGI, a practical approach is to build the so-called neurocomputer, which could be trained to produce autonomous intelligence and AGI. A neurocomputer imitates the biological neural network with neuromorphic devices which emulate the bio-neurons, synapses and other essential neural components. The neurocomputer could perceive the environment via sensors and interact with other entities via a physical body. The philosophy under the ＂new＂ approach, so-called as imitationalism in this paper, is the engineering methodology which has been practiced for thousands of years, and for many cases, such as the invention of the first airplane, succeeded. This paper compares the neurocomputer with the conventional computer. The major progress about neurocomputer is also reviewed.展开更多
Consider an optimization problem arising from the generalized eigenvalue problem Ax=λBx,where A,B∈Cm×n and m>n.Ito et al.showed that the optimization problem can be solved by utilizing right singular vectors...Consider an optimization problem arising from the generalized eigenvalue problem Ax=λBx,where A,B∈Cm×n and m>n.Ito et al.showed that the optimization problem can be solved by utilizing right singular vectors of C:=[B,A].In this paper,we focus on computing intervals containing the solution.When some singular values of C are multiple or nearly multiple,we can enclose bases of corresponding invariant subspaces of CHC,where CH denotes the conjugate transpose of C,but cannot enclose the corresponding right singular vectors.The purpose of this paper is to prove that the solution can be obtained even when we utilize the bases instead of the right singular vectors.Based on the proved result,we propose an algorithm for computing the intervals.Numerical results show property of the algorithm.展开更多
The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the e...The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies,namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels.It uses a computable general equilibrium model,which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory,to simulate the effects of policy scenarios(with 2007 as the reference year).This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods-the traditional approach to regulation in China-is applied.In order to achieve a similar reduction,an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed.It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy.Other policies,such as subsidies,should be used as supplements.展开更多
5G is a new generation of mobile networking that aims to achieve unparalleled speed and performance. To accomplish this, three technologies, Device-to-Device communication (D2D), multi-access edge computing (MEC) and ...5G is a new generation of mobile networking that aims to achieve unparalleled speed and performance. To accomplish this, three technologies, Device-to-Device communication (D2D), multi-access edge computing (MEC) and network function virtualization (NFV) with ClickOS, have been a significant part of 5G, and this paper mainly discusses them. D2D enables direct communication between devices without the relay of base station. In 5G, a two-tier cellular network composed of traditional cellular network system and D2D is an efficient method for realizing high-speed communication. MEC unloads work from end devices and clouds platforms to widespread nodes, and connects the nodes together with outside devices and third-party providers, in order to diminish the overloading effect on any device caused by enormous applications and improve users’ quality of experience (QoE). There is also a NFV method in order to fulfill the 5G requirements. In this part, an optimized virtual machine for middle-boxes named ClickOS is introduced, and it is evaluated in several aspects. Some middle boxes are being implemented in the ClickOS and proved to have outstanding performances.展开更多
Complicated changes occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. A three dimensional nonlinear mathematical model for quenching process has been established and the numerical simulation on temperature field,...Complicated changes occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. A three dimensional nonlinear mathematical model for quenching process has been established and the numerical simulation on temperature field, microstructure and stress field has been realized. The alternative technique for the formation of high-strength materials has been developed on the basis of intensification of heat transfer at phase transformations. The technology for the achievement of maximum compressive residual stresses on the hard surface is introduced. It has been shown that there is an optimal depth of hard layer providing the maximum compression stresses on the surface. It has also been established that in the surface hard layer additional strengthening (superstrengthening) of the material is observed. The generalized formula for the determination of the time of reaching maximum compressive stresses on the surface has been proposed.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a framework based deep learning for medical image translation using paired and unpaired training data.Initially,a deep neural network with an encoder-decoder structure is proposed for image-to...In this paper,we propose a framework based deep learning for medical image translation using paired and unpaired training data.Initially,a deep neural network with an encoder-decoder structure is proposed for image-to-image translation using paired training data.A multi-scale context aggregation approach is then used to extract various features from different levels of encoding,which are used during the corresponding network decoding stage.At this point,we further propose an edge-guided generative adversarial network for image-to-image translation based on unpaired training data.An edge constraint loss function is used to improve network performance in tissue boundaries.To analyze framework performance,we conducted five different medical image translation tasks.The assessment demonstrates that the proposed deep learning framework brings significant improvement beyond state-of-the-arts.展开更多
Researching China's innovative economic and financial innovation issues under the background of the New Normal, we need to carefully analyze the internal structure and interaction of China's macroeconomics.The...Researching China's innovative economic and financial innovation issues under the background of the New Normal, we need to carefully analyze the internal structure and interaction of China's macroeconomics.The computable general equilibrium(CGE) model has outstanding advantages on predicting the external shock influences on economic system, but previous studies on forecast for China's future economy mostly considered a high growth rate which is hard to comply with the New Normal scene. By constructing China's macroeconomic dynamic CGE(DCGE) model and anticipating the economic impact of the New Normal, this paper finds that the New Normal has a certain extent inhibition on China's macro-economy and innovation. However, after adding the research and development(R&D) subsidy policy, the negative impacts of the New Normal on macro-economy can be eliminated to realize the optimization of economic structure. In addition, after combining the financial innovation promoting policy and the Ke Qiang index through the simulation of macro-economy, we find that the quality of economic growth is improved. Finally, we provide the policy recommendations for the realization of an innovative economy under China's New Normal.展开更多
A microtubule gliding assay is a biological experiment observing the dynamics of microtubules driven by motor proteins fixed on a glass surface. When appropriate microtubule interactions are set up on gliding assay ex...A microtubule gliding assay is a biological experiment observing the dynamics of microtubules driven by motor proteins fixed on a glass surface. When appropriate microtubule interactions are set up on gliding assay experiments, microtubules often organize and create higher-level dynamics such as ring and bundle structures. In order to reproduce such higher-level dynamics on computers, we have been focusing on making a real-time 3D microtubule simulation. This real-time 3D microtubule simulation enables us to gain more knowledge on microtubule dynamics and their swarm movements by means of adjusting simulation paranleters in a real-time fashion. One of the technical challenges when creating a real-time 3D simulation is balancing the 3D rendering and the computing performance. Graphics processor unit （GPU） programming plays an essential role in balancing the millions of tasks, and makes this real-time 3D simulation possible. By the use of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units （GPGPU） programming we are able to run the simulation in a massively parallel fashion, even when dealing with more complex interactions between microtubules such as overriding and snuggling. Due to performance being an important factor, a performance n, odel has also been constructed from the analysis of the microtubule simulation and it is consistent with the performance measurements on different GPGPU architectures with regards to the number of cores and clock cycles.展开更多
This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedd...This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.展开更多
To reduce the computing time of composite computer-generated holograms （CGHs） gen- eration based upon the angular projection algorithm for holographic three-dimensional （3D） display, a grid-based holographic displ...To reduce the computing time of composite computer-generated holograms （CGHs） gen- eration based upon the angular projection algorithm for holographic three-dimensional （3D） display, a grid-based holographic display （ GHD ） scheme was designed. The grid computing technology was applied to numerically process the different angular projections of an object in distributed-parallel manner to create the corresponding CGHs. The whole treatment of a projection was regarded as a job executed on the grid node machine. The number of jobs which were submitted to grid nodes, therefore, was equal to that of the projections of the object. A Condor-based grid testbed was constructed to verify the feasibility of the GHD scheme, and a graphical user interface （GUI） program and several service modules were developed for it. A 3D terrain model as an example was processed on the testbed. The result showed that the scheme was feasible and able to improve the execution elficiency greatly.展开更多
This study presents a clear evolution of computing and its key applications. Cloud computing services evolved from distributed, grid, and utility computing. Critical companies such as Salesforce,Amazon, Google, and Mi...This study presents a clear evolution of computing and its key applications. Cloud computing services evolved from distributed, grid, and utility computing. Critical companies such as Salesforce,Amazon, Google, and Microsoft play important roles in cloud computing. Dramatic changes in the technology environment have created new challenges for current information technologies. This study discusses four significant challenges for cloud computing services,including the next-generation Internet, data synchronization, cloud security, and competitive advantages.And then it also discusses how managers can learn about the future of cloud computing services.展开更多
The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change o...The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector of Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The study simulated the scenarios of agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to the year 2050. At national level, the simulation results suggest that crop production will be adversely affected during the coming four decades and the severity will increase over the time period. Production of teff, maize and sorghum will decline by 25.4, 21.8 and 25.2 percent, respectively by 2050 compared to the base period. Climate change will also cause losses of 31.1 percent agricultural GDP at factor cost by 2050. Climate change affects more the income and consumption of poor rural households than urban rural non-farming households. The reduction in agricultural production will not be evenly distributed across agro ecological zones, and will not all be negative. Among rural residents, climate change impacts tend to hurt the income of the poor more in drought prone regions. Income from labor, land and livestock in moisture sufficient highland cereal-based will decline by 5.1, 8.8 and 15.2 percent in 2050. This study indicated that since climate change is an inevitable phenomenon, the country should start mainstreaming adaptation measures to sustain the overall performance of the economy.展开更多
Papyrus is increasingly suggested as an alternative bioenergy source to reduce the pressure on forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the economic viability of papyrus wetlands and the benefits for local...Papyrus is increasingly suggested as an alternative bioenergy source to reduce the pressure on forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the economic viability of papyrus wetlands and the benefits for local communities. We construct a village Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to examine whether papyrus harvesting and processing has the potential to improve local livelihoods and simultaneously counteract pressure on local forest resources. We apply the CGE model to a village in northern Zambia where overexploitation of forest resources to produce energy from firewood and charcoal poses a serious problem. The analysis is based on survey data?from 105 households collected in 2015. The model results show that papyrus briquetting would be a possible?alternative biofuel and that this technology improves household income and utility through?labor?reallocations. Higher opportunity costs lead to households switching from firewood extraction and charcoal production activities to papyrus harvesting and processing to produce bioenergy. Replacing energy supplies from firewood and charcoal with papyrus briquettes results in substitution effects between forest land and wetland and thereby reduces the pressure on local forest resources. The CGE approach allows for an economy-wide ex-ante analysis at village level and can support management decisions to ensure the success of papyrus bioenergy interventions.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an algorithm named the dependency-aware offloading framework(DeAOff),which is designed to optimize the deployment of Gen-AI decoder models in mobile edge computing(MEC)environments.These models,such as decoders,pose significant challenges due to their interlayer dependencies and high computational demands,especially under edge resource constraints.To address these challenges,we propose a two-phase optimization algorithm that first handles dependencyaware task allocation and subsequently optimizes energy consumption.By modeling the inference process using directed acyclic graphs(DAGs)and applying constraint relaxation techniques,our approach effectively reduces execution latency and energy usage.Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a reduction of up to 20%in task completion time and approximately 30%savings in energy consumption compared to traditional methods.These outcomes underscore our solution’s robustness in managing complex sequential dependencies and dynamic MEC conditions,enhancing quality of service.Thus,our work presents a practical and efficient resource optimization strategy for deploying models in resourceconstrained MEC scenarios.
文摘This paper presents a kind of artificial intelligent system-generalized computing system (GCS for short), and introduces its mathematical description, implement problem and learning problem.
文摘Generalized computing is a kind of general intelligent problem solving methods which combine symbolic computing with neuro-computing, fuzzy computing and evolutionary computing. This paper discusses the fundamental principle or generalized computing and its relationship with computational intelligence. At the same time, the common structure or the generalized computing models and generalized computing systems is given.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0900800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61972276,62206116,62032016)+2 种基金the New Liberal Arts Reform and Practice Project of National Ministry of Education(2021170002)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems(20210101)Tianjin University Talent Innovation Reward Program for Literature and Science Graduate Student(C1-2022-010)。
文摘Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2022MF249)。
文摘Imaging through fluctuating scattering media such as fog is of challenge since it seriously degrades the image quality.We investigate how the image quality of computational ghost imaging is reduced by fluctuating fog and how to obtain a high-quality defogging ghost image. We show theoretically and experimentally that the photon number fluctuations introduced by fluctuating fog is the reason for ghost image degradation. An algorithm is proposed to process the signals collected by the computational ghost imaging device to eliminate photon number fluctuations of different measurement events. Thus, a high-quality defogging ghost image is reconstructed even though fog is evenly distributed on the optical path. A nearly 100% defogging ghost image is obtained by further using a cycle generative adversarial network to process the reconstructed defogging image.
文摘The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and network implementation of the existing service-oriented systems differ case by case. Furthermore, many systems lack the capability of being applied to resource constrained devices, for example, sensors. Therefore, we propose a standardized approach to present a service to the network and to access a networked service, which can be adopted by arbitrary types of devices. In this approach, services are specified and exposed through a set of standardized interfaces. Moreover, a virtual community concept is introduced to determine a secure boundary within which services can be freely discovered, accessed and composed into applications;a hierarchical management scheme is presented which enables the third party management of services and their underlying resources. In this way, application control logic goes into the network and environment context is dealt with intelligently by the system. A prototype system is developed to validate our ideas. Results show the feasibility of this open distributed system software architecture.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61425025 and 61390515)
文摘To achieve the artificial general intelligence （AGI）, imitate the intelligence？ or imitate the brain？ This is the question! Most artificial intelligence （AI） approaches set the understanding of the intelligence principle as their premise. This may be correct to implement specific intelligence such as computing, symbolic logic, or what the AlphaGo could do. However, this is not correct for AGI, because to understand the principle of the brain intelligence is one of the most difficult challenges for our human beings. It is not wise to set such a question as the premise of the AGI mission. To achieve AGI, a practical approach is to build the so-called neurocomputer, which could be trained to produce autonomous intelligence and AGI. A neurocomputer imitates the biological neural network with neuromorphic devices which emulate the bio-neurons, synapses and other essential neural components. The neurocomputer could perceive the environment via sensors and interact with other entities via a physical body. The philosophy under the ＂new＂ approach, so-called as imitationalism in this paper, is the engineering methodology which has been practiced for thousands of years, and for many cases, such as the invention of the first airplane, succeeded. This paper compares the neurocomputer with the conventional computer. The major progress about neurocomputer is also reviewed.
基金Partially Supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.JP16K05270)the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences,a Joint Usage/Research Center located in Kyoto University
文摘Consider an optimization problem arising from the generalized eigenvalue problem Ax=λBx,where A,B∈Cm×n and m>n.Ito et al.showed that the optimization problem can be solved by utilizing right singular vectors of C:=[B,A].In this paper,we focus on computing intervals containing the solution.When some singular values of C are multiple or nearly multiple,we can enclose bases of corresponding invariant subspaces of CHC,where CH denotes the conjugate transpose of C,but cannot enclose the corresponding right singular vectors.The purpose of this paper is to prove that the solution can be obtained even when we utilize the bases instead of the right singular vectors.Based on the proved result,we propose an algorithm for computing the intervals.Numerical results show property of the algorithm.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China:[Grant Number2012CB955800]the National Natural Science Foundation(863 Program)of China:[Grant Number 2012 AA063101]the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[Grant Number XDB05050200]
文摘The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound(VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China,arousing increasing attention to emissions control.In this context,this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies,namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels.It uses a computable general equilibrium model,which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory,to simulate the effects of policy scenarios(with 2007 as the reference year).This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods-the traditional approach to regulation in China-is applied.In order to achieve a similar reduction,an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed.It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy.Other policies,such as subsidies,should be used as supplements.
文摘5G is a new generation of mobile networking that aims to achieve unparalleled speed and performance. To accomplish this, three technologies, Device-to-Device communication (D2D), multi-access edge computing (MEC) and network function virtualization (NFV) with ClickOS, have been a significant part of 5G, and this paper mainly discusses them. D2D enables direct communication between devices without the relay of base station. In 5G, a two-tier cellular network composed of traditional cellular network system and D2D is an efficient method for realizing high-speed communication. MEC unloads work from end devices and clouds platforms to widespread nodes, and connects the nodes together with outside devices and third-party providers, in order to diminish the overloading effect on any device caused by enormous applications and improve users’ quality of experience (QoE). There is also a NFV method in order to fulfill the 5G requirements. In this part, an optimized virtual machine for middle-boxes named ClickOS is introduced, and it is evaluated in several aspects. Some middle boxes are being implemented in the ClickOS and proved to have outstanding performances.
文摘Complicated changes occur inside the steel parts during quenching process. A three dimensional nonlinear mathematical model for quenching process has been established and the numerical simulation on temperature field, microstructure and stress field has been realized. The alternative technique for the formation of high-strength materials has been developed on the basis of intensification of heat transfer at phase transformations. The technology for the achievement of maximum compressive residual stresses on the hard surface is introduced. It has been shown that there is an optimal depth of hard layer providing the maximum compression stresses on the surface. It has also been established that in the surface hard layer additional strengthening (superstrengthening) of the material is observed. The generalized formula for the determination of the time of reaching maximum compressive stresses on the surface has been proposed.
文摘In this paper,we propose a framework based deep learning for medical image translation using paired and unpaired training data.Initially,a deep neural network with an encoder-decoder structure is proposed for image-to-image translation using paired training data.A multi-scale context aggregation approach is then used to extract various features from different levels of encoding,which are used during the corresponding network decoding stage.At this point,we further propose an edge-guided generative adversarial network for image-to-image translation based on unpaired training data.An edge constraint loss function is used to improve network performance in tissue boundaries.To analyze framework performance,we conducted five different medical image translation tasks.The assessment demonstrates that the proposed deep learning framework brings significant improvement beyond state-of-the-arts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71373153,71262022 and 71003068)the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project(No.2014BJB001)the“Shuguang Program”Supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.14SG32)
文摘Researching China's innovative economic and financial innovation issues under the background of the New Normal, we need to carefully analyze the internal structure and interaction of China's macroeconomics.The computable general equilibrium(CGE) model has outstanding advantages on predicting the external shock influences on economic system, but previous studies on forecast for China's future economy mostly considered a high growth rate which is hard to comply with the New Normal scene. By constructing China's macroeconomic dynamic CGE(DCGE) model and anticipating the economic impact of the New Normal, this paper finds that the New Normal has a certain extent inhibition on China's macro-economy and innovation. However, after adding the research and development(R&D) subsidy policy, the negative impacts of the New Normal on macro-economy can be eliminated to realize the optimization of economic structure. In addition, after combining the financial innovation promoting policy and the Ke Qiang index through the simulation of macro-economy, we find that the quality of economic growth is improved. Finally, we provide the policy recommendations for the realization of an innovative economy under China's New Normal.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovation Areas "Molecular Robotics"(No.24104004) of the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology,Japan
文摘A microtubule gliding assay is a biological experiment observing the dynamics of microtubules driven by motor proteins fixed on a glass surface. When appropriate microtubule interactions are set up on gliding assay experiments, microtubules often organize and create higher-level dynamics such as ring and bundle structures. In order to reproduce such higher-level dynamics on computers, we have been focusing on making a real-time 3D microtubule simulation. This real-time 3D microtubule simulation enables us to gain more knowledge on microtubule dynamics and their swarm movements by means of adjusting simulation paranleters in a real-time fashion. One of the technical challenges when creating a real-time 3D simulation is balancing the 3D rendering and the computing performance. Graphics processor unit （GPU） programming plays an essential role in balancing the millions of tasks, and makes this real-time 3D simulation possible. By the use of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units （GPGPU） programming we are able to run the simulation in a massively parallel fashion, even when dealing with more complex interactions between microtubules such as overriding and snuggling. Due to performance being an important factor, a performance n, odel has also been constructed from the analysis of the microtubule simulation and it is consistent with the performance measurements on different GPGPU architectures with regards to the number of cores and clock cycles.
文摘This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.
文摘To reduce the computing time of composite computer-generated holograms （CGHs） gen- eration based upon the angular projection algorithm for holographic three-dimensional （3D） display, a grid-based holographic display （ GHD ） scheme was designed. The grid computing technology was applied to numerically process the different angular projections of an object in distributed-parallel manner to create the corresponding CGHs. The whole treatment of a projection was regarded as a job executed on the grid node machine. The number of jobs which were submitted to grid nodes, therefore, was equal to that of the projections of the object. A Condor-based grid testbed was constructed to verify the feasibility of the GHD scheme, and a graphical user interface （GUI） program and several service modules were developed for it. A 3D terrain model as an example was processed on the testbed. The result showed that the scheme was feasible and able to improve the execution elficiency greatly.
基金supported by the NSC under Grant No.102-2410-H-130-038
文摘This study presents a clear evolution of computing and its key applications. Cloud computing services evolved from distributed, grid, and utility computing. Critical companies such as Salesforce,Amazon, Google, and Microsoft play important roles in cloud computing. Dramatic changes in the technology environment have created new challenges for current information technologies. This study discusses four significant challenges for cloud computing services,including the next-generation Internet, data synchronization, cloud security, and competitive advantages.And then it also discusses how managers can learn about the future of cloud computing services.
文摘The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing food demand for the growing population will be further exacerbated by climate change in Ethiopia. This paper presents the simulated economy-wide impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector of Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The study simulated the scenarios of agricultural productivity change induced by climate change up to the year 2050. At national level, the simulation results suggest that crop production will be adversely affected during the coming four decades and the severity will increase over the time period. Production of teff, maize and sorghum will decline by 25.4, 21.8 and 25.2 percent, respectively by 2050 compared to the base period. Climate change will also cause losses of 31.1 percent agricultural GDP at factor cost by 2050. Climate change affects more the income and consumption of poor rural households than urban rural non-farming households. The reduction in agricultural production will not be evenly distributed across agro ecological zones, and will not all be negative. Among rural residents, climate change impacts tend to hurt the income of the poor more in drought prone regions. Income from labor, land and livestock in moisture sufficient highland cereal-based will decline by 5.1, 8.8 and 15.2 percent in 2050. This study indicated that since climate change is an inevitable phenomenon, the country should start mainstreaming adaptation measures to sustain the overall performance of the economy.
文摘Papyrus is increasingly suggested as an alternative bioenergy source to reduce the pressure on forest ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the economic viability of papyrus wetlands and the benefits for local communities. We construct a village Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to examine whether papyrus harvesting and processing has the potential to improve local livelihoods and simultaneously counteract pressure on local forest resources. We apply the CGE model to a village in northern Zambia where overexploitation of forest resources to produce energy from firewood and charcoal poses a serious problem. The analysis is based on survey data?from 105 households collected in 2015. The model results show that papyrus briquetting would be a possible?alternative biofuel and that this technology improves household income and utility through?labor?reallocations. Higher opportunity costs lead to households switching from firewood extraction and charcoal production activities to papyrus harvesting and processing to produce bioenergy. Replacing energy supplies from firewood and charcoal with papyrus briquettes results in substitution effects between forest land and wetland and thereby reduces the pressure on local forest resources. The CGE approach allows for an economy-wide ex-ante analysis at village level and can support management decisions to ensure the success of papyrus bioenergy interventions.
