A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystal-line porous TiO2 film solar cell was fabricated using a novel gel network polymer electrolyte based on polysiloxanes with both polyethylene oxide internal plasticized sid...A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystal-line porous TiO2 film solar cell was fabricated using a novel gel network polymer electrolyte based on polysiloxanes with both polyethylene oxide internal plasticized side chains and quaternary ammonium groups. The cell exhibited better photoelectrical conversion performance under 60 mW/cm2 irradiation. The short photocurrent (Isc) of 5.0 mA/cm2 and open voltage (Voc) of 0.68 V were achieved, and the energy conversion efficiency (h ) and fill factor (ff) were 3.4% and 0.60, respectively.展开更多
In the present research,enzyme encapsulated hydrogels（single gels and double network gels）and enzyme immobilized magnetic beads,which allow high-throughput screening,were fabricated and evaluated in terms of the pre...In the present research,enzyme encapsulated hydrogels（single gels and double network gels）and enzyme immobilized magnetic beads,which allow high-throughput screening,were fabricated and evaluated in terms of the preservation,precision, and repeatability of enzyme activity.The fabricated gels and magnetic beads were analyzed in a 96-well microassay plate.Trypsin was successfully encapsulated in both types of gels and immobilized to the magnetic beads.However,pepsin,either encapsulated in the gels or immobilized to the magnetic beads,could not react with its substrates.The adaptability to various enzymes （e.g.,trypsin,β-glucuronidase,and CYP1A1）in the single gels and magnetic beads was superior to that in double network gels.However,the soak out of the enzymes was observed in the single gels.The double network gels could encapsulate trypsin,whereas the fabrication of the other enzymes（e.g.β-glucuronidase,CYP1A1,and pepsin）failed because of the inactivation of the enzymes by acryl amide and ammonium peroxodisulfate,which are the components of the gel formulation. The enzyme reaction in the magnetic beads exhibited the highest efficiency among the three fabrication methods.Furthermore, the stability of the enzymes immobilized to the magnetic beads was better than that fabricated by the other methods,and the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase did not decline for up to one week.In addition,in the magnetic beads,the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase can be well repeated.Hence,although the adaptability of the double network gels to various enzymes is currently limited,the efficiency of the enzyme encapsulation can be improved by optimizing the formulation of acryl amide gels.展开更多
Four phenoxysilicon networks for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications were designed and prepared by an extended sol-gel process without additional H2O and catalyst. All poled polymer network films possess high second-...Four phenoxysilicon networks for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications were designed and prepared by an extended sol-gel process without additional H2O and catalyst. All poled polymer network films possess high second-order nonlinear optical coefficients (d(33)) Of 10(-7)similar to 10(-8) esu. The investigation of NLO temporal stability at room temperature and elevated temperature (120 degreesC) indicated that these films exhibit high d(33) stability because the orientation of the chromophores are locked in the phenoxysilicon organic/inorganic networks.展开更多
A simple and general strategy is described for preparing network supported catalyst through a one-pot synthetic procedure using supramolecular gel as template.This procedure directly attaches ligand to support during ...A simple and general strategy is described for preparing network supported catalyst through a one-pot synthetic procedure using supramolecular gel as template.This procedure directly attaches ligand to support during fabricating the support.Using this strategy,supported CuBr/di-（2-picolyl） amine catalyst with U-shaped fibrillar network was prepared and used in atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate.XPS and SEM characterization of the catalyst revealed homogeneous distribution of ligand,sufficient reactive sites,adequate mechanical strength and macroporosity.The polymerization results demonstrated high activity and reusability of such catalyst.This strategy might be extended to other supported catalysts used in column reactors.展开更多
The study on the criteria used to distinguish floc sedimentation and gel-like network sedimentation of cohesive fine-grained sediment in a turbulent flow has rarely been carried out. In this preliminary study, we deri...The study on the criteria used to distinguish floc sedimentation and gel-like network sedimentation of cohesive fine-grained sediment in a turbulent flow has rarely been carried out. In this preliminary study, we derive three criteria to distinguish these two different sedimentation phases by considering the comparison of the time that a characteristic floc takes to settle through mean distance between characteristic flocs and the time that it takes to move through the same distance under the influence of a turbulent flow. These criteria incorporate physical and chemical factors that have been verified to have some influences on the sediment flocculation in some published literatures, and a simple analysis result is found to be consistent with our qualitative understandings of flocculation phenomenon of cohesive fine-grained sediment.展开更多
An amorphous,colorless,and highly transparent star network polymer with a pentaerythritol core linking four PEG-block polymeric arms was synthesized from the poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG),pentaerythritol,and dichlorometh...An amorphous,colorless,and highly transparent star network polymer with a pentaerythritol core linking four PEG-block polymeric arms was synthesized from the poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG),pentaerythritol,and dichloromethane by Williamson reaction.FTIR and ~1H-NMR measurement demonstrated that the polymer repeating units were C[CH_2-OCH_2O-(CH_2CH_2O)_m-CH_2O-(CH_2CH_2O)_n-CH_2O]_4.The polymer host held well mechanical properties for pentaerythritol cross-linking.The gel polymer electrolytes based on Lithium pe...展开更多
Probiotics and capsaicin,as common hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive ingredients,are extremely sensitive to environmental stress.We used a one-step gelation strategy to co-encapsulate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LG...Probiotics and capsaicin,as common hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive ingredients,are extremely sensitive to environmental stress.We used a one-step gelation strategy to co-encapsulate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG)and capsaicin in a gel of whey protein isolate(WPI)-stabilized emulsion and shellac induced by glucono-δ-lactone(GDL)and CaCl2 to solve this problem.Shellac was first induced by CaCl2 to rapidly form a gel in a short time.Then,WPI-stabilized oil droplets were slowly covalently cross-linked by GDL and then embedded into the shellac gel network.Phase permeation behavior of the two biopolymers during gelation formed a tight microstructure through hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds.Results showed that the gel with 1.5%GDL and 4%shellac had the densest microstructure,maintained good integrity during in vitro digestion,and effectively controlled the release of capsaicin and LGG.Furthermore,the gel exhibited superior protection under harsh conditions such as heat,freezing,and storage:up to 7.76 log cfu/g of LGG and 66.26%of capsaicin were retained after 15 days of storage.Interestingly,capsaicin,as an antioxidant,may provide additional protection to the storage stability of LGG by reducing oxidative damage of cell membrane.This study provided a new perspective for designing co-delivery systems of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds.展开更多
Copper-cadmium halide doped photochromic glass coating on plate glass has been prepared by a sol-gel process. The sample shows reversible photochromic effect. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) s...Copper-cadmium halide doped photochromic glass coating on plate glass has been prepared by a sol-gel process. The sample shows reversible photochromic effect. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectrum investigations indicate that the photochromic phase of tile coating is CuBr_xCl_(1-x), solid solution, and that the structure network of the coating is connected with the bonds of Si-O-Si, Si-O-B and Si-O-Al.展开更多
A new type of semi-IPN gel electrolyte was prepared by thermal polymerization in this article.The cross-linked PEG200 (MXPEG) was prepared by condensation reaction in the presence of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane...A new type of semi-IPN gel electrolyte was prepared by thermal polymerization in this article.The cross-linked PEG200 (MXPEG) was prepared by condensation reaction in the presence of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),the condensation product was then blent with PMMA and polymerized to form polymer blends with semi-IPN fabric.Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to investigate the thermal transition behavior of the polymer blends prepared.Ion-conducting behaviors and the electrochemical stability window for semi-IPN gel electrolyte were investigated by means ofimpedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry.The Arrhenius-type relationship was observed in the temperature dependence ofionic conductivity.All the properties shows that the prepared semi-IPN gel electrolyte possesses certain levels of electrolye salt and plasticizer were expected to have applications of gel polymer electrolyte for lithium polymer secondary batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(Grant No.G2000028205)the Knowledge Innovation Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KGCX2-303-02).
文摘A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystal-line porous TiO2 film solar cell was fabricated using a novel gel network polymer electrolyte based on polysiloxanes with both polyethylene oxide internal plasticized side chains and quaternary ammonium groups. The cell exhibited better photoelectrical conversion performance under 60 mW/cm2 irradiation. The short photocurrent (Isc) of 5.0 mA/cm2 and open voltage (Voc) of 0.68 V were achieved, and the energy conversion efficiency (h ) and fill factor (ff) were 3.4% and 0.60, respectively.
基金The Global COE Program from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture of Japan.
文摘In the present research,enzyme encapsulated hydrogels（single gels and double network gels）and enzyme immobilized magnetic beads,which allow high-throughput screening,were fabricated and evaluated in terms of the preservation,precision, and repeatability of enzyme activity.The fabricated gels and magnetic beads were analyzed in a 96-well microassay plate.Trypsin was successfully encapsulated in both types of gels and immobilized to the magnetic beads.However,pepsin,either encapsulated in the gels or immobilized to the magnetic beads,could not react with its substrates.The adaptability to various enzymes （e.g.,trypsin,β-glucuronidase,and CYP1A1）in the single gels and magnetic beads was superior to that in double network gels.However,the soak out of the enzymes was observed in the single gels.The double network gels could encapsulate trypsin,whereas the fabrication of the other enzymes（e.g.β-glucuronidase,CYP1A1,and pepsin）failed because of the inactivation of the enzymes by acryl amide and ammonium peroxodisulfate,which are the components of the gel formulation. The enzyme reaction in the magnetic beads exhibited the highest efficiency among the three fabrication methods.Furthermore, the stability of the enzymes immobilized to the magnetic beads was better than that fabricated by the other methods,and the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase did not decline for up to one week.In addition,in the magnetic beads,the activities of trypsin andβ-glucuronidase can be well repeated.Hence,although the adaptability of the double network gels to various enzymes is currently limited,the efficiency of the enzyme encapsulation can be improved by optimizing the formulation of acryl amide gels.
文摘Four phenoxysilicon networks for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications were designed and prepared by an extended sol-gel process without additional H2O and catalyst. All poled polymer network films possess high second-order nonlinear optical coefficients (d(33)) Of 10(-7)similar to 10(-8) esu. The investigation of NLO temporal stability at room temperature and elevated temperature (120 degreesC) indicated that these films exhibit high d(33) stability because the orientation of the chromophores are locked in the phenoxysilicon organic/inorganic networks.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20574041 and 20874055)Hi-tech Research and Development Program(863 plan) of China(No.2009AA062903)
文摘A simple and general strategy is described for preparing network supported catalyst through a one-pot synthetic procedure using supramolecular gel as template.This procedure directly attaches ligand to support during fabricating the support.Using this strategy,supported CuBr/di-（2-picolyl） amine catalyst with U-shaped fibrillar network was prepared and used in atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate.XPS and SEM characterization of the catalyst revealed homogeneous distribution of ligand,sufficient reactive sites,adequate mechanical strength and macroporosity.The polymerization results demonstrated high activity and reusability of such catalyst.This strategy might be extended to other supported catalysts used in column reactors.
文摘The study on the criteria used to distinguish floc sedimentation and gel-like network sedimentation of cohesive fine-grained sediment in a turbulent flow has rarely been carried out. In this preliminary study, we derive three criteria to distinguish these two different sedimentation phases by considering the comparison of the time that a characteristic floc takes to settle through mean distance between characteristic flocs and the time that it takes to move through the same distance under the influence of a turbulent flow. These criteria incorporate physical and chemical factors that have been verified to have some influences on the sediment flocculation in some published literatures, and a simple analysis result is found to be consistent with our qualitative understandings of flocculation phenomenon of cohesive fine-grained sediment.
文摘An amorphous,colorless,and highly transparent star network polymer with a pentaerythritol core linking four PEG-block polymeric arms was synthesized from the poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG),pentaerythritol,and dichloromethane by Williamson reaction.FTIR and ~1H-NMR measurement demonstrated that the polymer repeating units were C[CH_2-OCH_2O-(CH_2CH_2O)_m-CH_2O-(CH_2CH_2O)_n-CH_2O]_4.The polymer host held well mechanical properties for pentaerythritol cross-linking.The gel polymer electrolytes based on Lithium pe...
基金supported by the International S&T Innovation Cooperation Key Project(2017YFE0135400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072153)the program of“Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province”,China.
文摘Probiotics and capsaicin,as common hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive ingredients,are extremely sensitive to environmental stress.We used a one-step gelation strategy to co-encapsulate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG)and capsaicin in a gel of whey protein isolate(WPI)-stabilized emulsion and shellac induced by glucono-δ-lactone(GDL)and CaCl2 to solve this problem.Shellac was first induced by CaCl2 to rapidly form a gel in a short time.Then,WPI-stabilized oil droplets were slowly covalently cross-linked by GDL and then embedded into the shellac gel network.Phase permeation behavior of the two biopolymers during gelation formed a tight microstructure through hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds.Results showed that the gel with 1.5%GDL and 4%shellac had the densest microstructure,maintained good integrity during in vitro digestion,and effectively controlled the release of capsaicin and LGG.Furthermore,the gel exhibited superior protection under harsh conditions such as heat,freezing,and storage:up to 7.76 log cfu/g of LGG and 66.26%of capsaicin were retained after 15 days of storage.Interestingly,capsaicin,as an antioxidant,may provide additional protection to the storage stability of LGG by reducing oxidative damage of cell membrane.This study provided a new perspective for designing co-delivery systems of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds.
文摘Copper-cadmium halide doped photochromic glass coating on plate glass has been prepared by a sol-gel process. The sample shows reversible photochromic effect. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectrum investigations indicate that the photochromic phase of tile coating is CuBr_xCl_(1-x), solid solution, and that the structure network of the coating is connected with the bonds of Si-O-Si, Si-O-B and Si-O-Al.
文摘A new type of semi-IPN gel electrolyte was prepared by thermal polymerization in this article.The cross-linked PEG200 (MXPEG) was prepared by condensation reaction in the presence of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS),the condensation product was then blent with PMMA and polymerized to form polymer blends with semi-IPN fabric.Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to investigate the thermal transition behavior of the polymer blends prepared.Ion-conducting behaviors and the electrochemical stability window for semi-IPN gel electrolyte were investigated by means ofimpedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry.The Arrhenius-type relationship was observed in the temperature dependence ofionic conductivity.All the properties shows that the prepared semi-IPN gel electrolyte possesses certain levels of electrolye salt and plasticizer were expected to have applications of gel polymer electrolyte for lithium polymer secondary batteries.
