A Hauser-Ernst-type extended hyperbolic complex linear system given in our previous paper [Gao Y J 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 602] is slightly modified and used to develop a new inverse scattering method for the stationary a...A Hauser-Ernst-type extended hyperbolic complex linear system given in our previous paper [Gao Y J 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 602] is slightly modified and used to develop a new inverse scattering method for the stationary axisymmetric Einstein-Maxwell theory with multiple Abelian gauge fields. The reduction procedures in this inverse scattering method are found to be fairly simple, which makes the inverse scattering method be fine and effective in practical application. As an example, a concrete family of soliton solutions for the considered theory is obtained.展开更多
We study the quench dynamics of noninteracting ultracold atoms loaded in one-dimensional （1D） optical lattices with artificial gauge fields, which are modeled by lattices with complex hopping coefficients. After sud...We study the quench dynamics of noninteracting ultracold atoms loaded in one-dimensional （1D） optical lattices with artificial gauge fields, which are modeled by lattices with complex hopping coefficients. After suddenly changing the hopping coefficient, time evolutions of the density distribution, momentum distribution, and mass current at the center are studied for both finite uniform systems and trapped systems. Effects of filling factor, system size, statistics, harmonic trap, and phase difference in hopping are identified, and some interesting phenomena show up. For example, for a finite uniform fermionic system shock and rarefaction wave plateaus are formed at two ends, whose wave fronts move linearly with speed equaling to the maximal absolute group velocity. While for a finite uniform bosonic system the whole density distribution moves linearly at the group velocity. Only in a finite uniform fermionic system there can be a constant quasi- steady-state current, whose amplitude is decided by the phase difference and filling factor. The quench dynamics can be tested in ultracold atoms with minimal modifications of available experimental techniques, and it is a very interesting and fundamental example of the transport phenomena and the nonequilibrium dynamics.展开更多
This paper attempts to propose a grand unified guiding principle of gauge fields from the mathematical and physical picture of fiber bundles: it is believed that our universe may have more fundamental interactions tha...This paper attempts to propose a grand unified guiding principle of gauge fields from the mathematical and physical picture of fiber bundles: it is believed that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four fundamental interactions, and the gauge fields of these fundamental interactions are just a unified gauge potential on the fiber bundle manifold or the components connected to the bottom manifold, that is, our universe;these components can meet the transformation of gauge potential, and even can be transformed from a fundamental interaction gauge potential to another fundamental interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, namely the expression of the generalized gauge equation, corresponding to the gauge transformation invariance;so gauge transformation invariance is a necessary condition to unify field theory, but quantization of field is not a necessary condition;the four (or more) fundamental interaction fields of the universe are unified into a universal gauge field defined by the connection of the principal fiber bundle on the cosmic base manifold.展开更多
We investigate the cyclotron dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)in a quadruple-well potential with synthetic gauge fields.We use laser-assisted tunneling to generate large tunable effective magnetic fields for B...We investigate the cyclotron dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)in a quadruple-well potential with synthetic gauge fields.We use laser-assisted tunneling to generate large tunable effective magnetic fields for BEC.The mean position of BEC follows an orbit that simulated the cyclotron orbits of charged particles in a magnetic field.In the absence of atomic interaction,atom dynamics may exhibit periodic or quasi-periodic cyclotron orbits.In the presence of atomic interaction,the system may exhibit self-trapping,which depends on synthetic gauge fields and atomic interaction strength.In particular,the competition between synthetic gauge fields and atomic interaction leads to the generation of several discontinuous parameter windows for the transition to self-trapping,which is obviously different from that without synthetic gauge fields.展开更多
A power splitter with a wideband arbitrary splitting ratio,which provides flexibility and adaptability in forming photonic devices such as microring resonators and Mach–Zehnder interferometers,proves to be essential ...A power splitter with a wideband arbitrary splitting ratio,which provides flexibility and adaptability in forming photonic devices such as microring resonators and Mach–Zehnder interferometers,proves to be essential in photonic integrated circuits(PICs).We designed and fabricated a directional coupler-based power splitter with a wideband arbitrary splitting ratio and a microring resonator with a wideband uniform extinction ratio(ER)based on artificial gauge field(AGF)optimization.The neural network-aided inverse design method is applied to complete the target.Less than 0.9 dB power splitting variation and 1.6 dB ER variation have been achieved experimentally over a 100-nm bandwidth.Wideband performance,design efficiency,and device compactness are obtained by utilizing this optimization,which indicates great potential and universality in PIC applications.展开更多
Ultracold atoms endowed with tunable spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling(SOAMC)represent a promising avenue for delving into exotic quantum phenomena. Building on recent experimental advancements, we propose the ge...Ultracold atoms endowed with tunable spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling(SOAMC)represent a promising avenue for delving into exotic quantum phenomena. Building on recent experimental advancements, we propose the generation of synthetic gauge fields, and by including exotic vortex phases within spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, employing a combination of a running wave and Laguerre-Gaussian laser fields. We investigate the ground-state characteristics of the SOAMC condensate, revealing the emergence of exotic vortex states with controllable orbital angular momenta. It is shown that the interplay of the SOAMC and conventional spin-linear-momentum coupling induced by the running wave beam leads to the formation of a vortex state exhibiting a phase stripe hosting single multiply quantized singularity. The phase of the ground state will undergo the phase transition corresponding to the breaking of rotational symmetry while preserving the mirror symmetry. Importantly, the observed density distribution of the ground-state wavefunction, exhibiting broken rotational symmetry, can be well characterized by the synthetic magnetic field generated through light interaction with the dressed spin state. Our findings pave the way for further exploration into the rotational properties of stable exotic vortices with higher orbital angular momenta against splitting in the presence of synthetic gauge fields in ultracold quantum gases.展开更多
Monopoles and vortices are well known magnetically charged soliton solutions of gauge field equations. Extending the idea of Dirac on monopoles, Schwinger pioneered the concept of solitons carrying both electric and m...Monopoles and vortices are well known magnetically charged soliton solutions of gauge field equations. Extending the idea of Dirac on monopoles, Schwinger pioneered the concept of solitons carrying both electric and magnetic charges, called dyons, which are useful in modeling elementary particles. Mathematically, the existence of dyons presents interesting variational partial differential equation problems, subject to topological constraints. This article is a survey on recent progress in the study of dyons.展开更多
In 1992,E.E.Podkletnov and R.Nieminen found that under certain conditions,ceramic superconductor with composite structure reveals weak shielding properties against gravitational force.In classical Newton's theory ...In 1992,E.E.Podkletnov and R.Nieminen found that under certain conditions,ceramic superconductor with composite structure reveals weak shielding properties against gravitational force.In classical Newton's theory of gravity and even in Einstein's general theory of gravity,there are no grounds of gravitational shielding effects.But in quantum gauge theory of gravity,the gravitational shielding effects can be explained in a simple and natural way.In quantum gauge theory of gravity,gravitational gauge interactions of complex scalar field can be formulated based on gauge principle.After spontaneous symmetry breaking,if the vacuum of the complex scalar field is not stable and uniform,there will be a mass term of gravitational gauge field.When gravitational gauge field propagates in this unstable vacuum of the complex scalar field,it will decays exponentially,which is the nature of gravitational shielding effects.The mechanism of gravitational shielding effects is studied in this paper,and some main properties of gravitational shielding effects are discussed.展开更多
Deconfined quantum critical points(DQCPs)have been proposed as a class of continuous quantum phase transitions occurring between two ordered phases with distinct symmetry-breaking patterns,beyond the conventional fram...Deconfined quantum critical points(DQCPs)have been proposed as a class of continuous quantum phase transitions occurring between two ordered phases with distinct symmetry-breaking patterns,beyond the conventional framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson(LGW)theory.At the DQCP,the system exhibits emergent gauge fields,fractionalized excitations,and enhanced symmetries.展开更多
A relativistic quantum field theory is presented for finite density problems based on the principle of locality. It is shown that, in addition to the conventional ones, a local approach to the relativistic quantum fie...A relativistic quantum field theory is presented for finite density problems based on the principle of locality. It is shown that, in addition to the conventional ones, a local approach to the relativistic quantum field theories at both zero and finite densities consistent with the violation of Bell-like inequalities should contain and provide solutions to at least three additional problems, namely, i) the statistical gauge invariance; ii) the dark components of the local observables; and iii) the fermion statistical blocking effects, based upon an asymptotic nonthermal ensemble. An application to models is presented to show the importance of the discussions.展开更多
A new mechanism to introduce the mass of gauge field in supersymmetric gauge theory is discussed. The model has the strict local gauge symmetry and supersymmetry. Because we introduce two vector superfields simulta...A new mechanism to introduce the mass of gauge field in supersymmetric gauge theory is discussed. The model has the strict local gauge symmetry and supersymmetry. Because we introduce two vector superfields simultaneously, the model contains a massive gauge field as well as a massless gauge field.展开更多
A new mechanism for mass generation of gauge field is discussed in this paper. By introducing two sets of gauge fields and making the variations of these two sets of gauge fields compensated each other under local gau...A new mechanism for mass generation of gauge field is discussed in this paper. By introducing two sets of gauge fields and making the variations of these two sets of gauge fields compensated each other under local gauge transformations, the mass term of gauge fields is introduced into the Lagrangian without violating the local gauge symmetry of the Lagrangian. This model is a renormalizable quantum model.展开更多
Gravitational interactions of Dirac field are studied in this paper. Based on gauge principle, quantum gauge theory of gravity, which is perturbatively renormalizable, is formulated in the Minkowski space-time. In qua...Gravitational interactions of Dirac field are studied in this paper. Based on gauge principle, quantum gauge theory of gravity, which is perturbatively renormalizable, is formulated in the Minkowski space-time. In quantum gauge theory of gravity, gravity is treated as a kind of fundamental interactions, which is transmitted by gravitational gauge field, and Dirac field couples to gravitational field through gravitational gauge covariant derivative. Based on this theory, we can easily explain gravitational phase effect, which has already been detected by COW experiment.展开更多
Gauge theory of gravity is formulated based on principle of local gauge invariance. Because the model hasstrict local gravitational gauge symmetry, and gauge theory of gravity is a perturbatively renormalizable quantu...Gauge theory of gravity is formulated based on principle of local gauge invariance. Because the model hasstrict local gravitational gauge symmetry, and gauge theory of gravity is a perturbatively renormalizable quantum model.However, in the original model, all gauge gravitons are massless. We want to ask whether there exist massive gravitonsin Nature. In this paper, we will propose a gauge model with massive gravitons. The mass term of gravitational gaugefield is introduced into the theory without violating the strict local gravitational gauge symmetry. Massive gravitons canbe considered to be possible origin of dark energy and dark matter in the Universe.展开更多
Considering the fractal structure of space-time, the scale relativity theory in the topological dimension DT = 2 is built. In such a conjecture, the geodesics of this space-time imply the hydrodynamic model of the qua...Considering the fractal structure of space-time, the scale relativity theory in the topological dimension DT = 2 is built. In such a conjecture, the geodesics of this space-time imply the hydrodynamic model of the quantum mechanics. Subsequently, the gauge gravitational field on a fractal space-time is given. Then, the gauge group, the gauge-covariant derivative, the strength tensor of the gauge field, the gauge-invariant Lagrangean, the field equations of the gauge potentials and the gauge energy-momentum tensor are determined. Finally, using this model, a Reissner- Nordstrom type metric is obtained.展开更多
We investigate the SU(2)gauge effects on bilayer honeycomb lattice thoroughly.We discover a topological Lifshitz transition induced by the non-Abelian gauge potential.Topological Lifshitz transitions are determined by...We investigate the SU(2)gauge effects on bilayer honeycomb lattice thoroughly.We discover a topological Lifshitz transition induced by the non-Abelian gauge potential.Topological Lifshitz transitions are determined by topologies of Fermi surfaces in the momentum space.Fermi surface consists of N=8 Dirac points atπ-flux point instead of N=4 in the trivial Abelian regimes.A local winding number is defined to classify the universality class of the gapless excitations.We also obtain the phase diagram of gauge fluxes by solving the secular equation.Furthermore,the novel edge states of biased bilayer nanoribbon with gauge fluxes are also investigated.展开更多
The notion of the inner product of vectors is extended to tensors of different orders, which may replace the vector product usually. The essences of the differential and the codiffcrential forms are pointed out： they...The notion of the inner product of vectors is extended to tensors of different orders, which may replace the vector product usually. The essences of the differential and the codiffcrential forms are pointed out： they represent the tangent surface and the normal surface fluxes of a tensor, reslpetivcly. The definitions of the divergence and the curl of a 2D surface flux of a tensor arc obtained. Maxwell＇s equations, namely, the constraction law of field, which were usually established based on two conservation laws of electric charge and imaginary magnetic charge, are derived by the author only by using one conservation law （ mass or fluid flux quantity and so on） and the feature of central field （or its composition）. By the feature of central field （or its composition）, the curl of 2D flux is zero. Both universality of gauge field and the difficulty of magnetic monopole theory （ a magnetic monopole has no effect on electric current just like a couple hasing no effect on the sum of forces） axe presented： magnetic monopole has no the feature of magnet. Finally it is pointed out that the base of relation of mass and energy is already involved in Maxwell＇s equations.展开更多
In the lattice system,when the synthetic flux reaches aπphase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field,destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon.This is known as the Aha...In the lattice system,when the synthetic flux reaches aπphase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field,destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon.This is known as the Aharonov-Bohm(AB)caging effect.It provides a powerful tool for the study of quantum transport and dynamical effects.In the system where lattice sites possess internal structure and the underlying gauge field is non-Abelian,localization can also occur,forming the non-Abelian AB caging.Here,we propose an experimental scheme to synthesize non-Abelian gauge fields with a single trapped ion by coupling multiple internal levels and Fock states in its motion via laser fields.In contrast to the Abelian AB caging,we numerically observe that the non-Abelian AB caging occurs either when the interference matrix is nilpotent,or when the initial state is specifically set.Our experimental scheme broadens the study of localization phenomena and provides a novel tool for the study of non-Abelian physics.展开更多
Quantum link models(QLMs)serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.In this work,we investigate information scrambling in the partially conf...Quantum link models(QLMs)serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.In this work,we investigate information scrambling in the partially confined phase of a spin-1 quantum link model by calculating the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators(OTOCs)and entanglement entropy.We observe that,in the partially confined phase,information scrambling exhibits significant asymmetry,manifested as the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy.This phenomenon stands in stark contrast to the isotropic spreading observed in the deconfined phase and the localization characteristic of the confined phase.Furthermore,the simultaneous occurrence of the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy,together with the q-induced asymmetric excitation propagation,reveals a direct connection between information scrambling and charge confinement.展开更多
In this paper,we focus on studying normalized solutions for the following Schrödinger equation with a gauge field and mixed dispersion:{-△+λu+(h^(2)(|x|)|x|^(2)+∫_|x|^∞h(s)/su^(2)(s)ds)u=μ|u|^(q-2)u+γu^(3)+...In this paper,we focus on studying normalized solutions for the following Schrödinger equation with a gauge field and mixed dispersion:{-△+λu+(h^(2)(|x|)|x|^(2)+∫_|x|^∞h(s)/su^(2)(s)ds)u=μ|u|^(q-2)u+γu^(3)+|u|^(p-2)u,x∈R^(2),∫_(R^2)u^(2)dx=c where h(s)=∫_(0)^(s)1/2u^(2)(l)dl is a given real number andλ∈R arises as a Lagrange multiplier.By developing new analytical techniques,we establish several existence and multiplicity results for certain values of c>0,depending on the parametersµ,γ,p and q.Notably,we investigate a more complex mixed nonlinear term in the equation,combining L2-subcritical,L2-critical and L2-supercritical exponents.This extends previous studies that solely focused on combinations of two exponents.We believe that our innovative ideas can be applied to investigating a broader class of nonhomogeneous L2-constrained problems involving more differential operators.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10475036)
文摘A Hauser-Ernst-type extended hyperbolic complex linear system given in our previous paper [Gao Y J 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 602] is slightly modified and used to develop a new inverse scattering method for the stationary axisymmetric Einstein-Maxwell theory with multiple Abelian gauge fields. The reduction procedures in this inverse scattering method are found to be fairly simple, which makes the inverse scattering method be fine and effective in practical application. As an example, a concrete family of soliton solutions for the considered theory is obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11374331,11304364,and 11534014)
文摘We study the quench dynamics of noninteracting ultracold atoms loaded in one-dimensional （1D） optical lattices with artificial gauge fields, which are modeled by lattices with complex hopping coefficients. After suddenly changing the hopping coefficient, time evolutions of the density distribution, momentum distribution, and mass current at the center are studied for both finite uniform systems and trapped systems. Effects of filling factor, system size, statistics, harmonic trap, and phase difference in hopping are identified, and some interesting phenomena show up. For example, for a finite uniform fermionic system shock and rarefaction wave plateaus are formed at two ends, whose wave fronts move linearly with speed equaling to the maximal absolute group velocity. While for a finite uniform bosonic system the whole density distribution moves linearly at the group velocity. Only in a finite uniform fermionic system there can be a constant quasi- steady-state current, whose amplitude is decided by the phase difference and filling factor. The quench dynamics can be tested in ultracold atoms with minimal modifications of available experimental techniques, and it is a very interesting and fundamental example of the transport phenomena and the nonequilibrium dynamics.
文摘This paper attempts to propose a grand unified guiding principle of gauge fields from the mathematical and physical picture of fiber bundles: it is believed that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four fundamental interactions, and the gauge fields of these fundamental interactions are just a unified gauge potential on the fiber bundle manifold or the components connected to the bottom manifold, that is, our universe;these components can meet the transformation of gauge potential, and even can be transformed from a fundamental interaction gauge potential to another fundamental interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, namely the expression of the generalized gauge equation, corresponding to the gauge transformation invariance;so gauge transformation invariance is a necessary condition to unify field theory, but quantization of field is not a necessary condition;the four (or more) fundamental interaction fields of the universe are unified into a universal gauge field defined by the connection of the principal fiber bundle on the cosmic base manifold.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12005173)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant No.20JR10RA082)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M680318)the NSAF(Grant Nos.U1930402 and U1930403).
文摘We investigate the cyclotron dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)in a quadruple-well potential with synthetic gauge fields.We use laser-assisted tunneling to generate large tunable effective magnetic fields for BEC.The mean position of BEC follows an orbit that simulated the cyclotron orbits of charged particles in a magnetic field.In the absence of atomic interaction,atom dynamics may exhibit periodic or quasi-periodic cyclotron orbits.In the presence of atomic interaction,the system may exhibit self-trapping,which depends on synthetic gauge fields and atomic interaction strength.In particular,the competition between synthetic gauge fields and atomic interaction leads to the generation of several discontinuous parameter windows for the transition to self-trapping,which is obviously different from that without synthetic gauge fields.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB2905502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62122047 and 61935011).
文摘A power splitter with a wideband arbitrary splitting ratio,which provides flexibility and adaptability in forming photonic devices such as microring resonators and Mach–Zehnder interferometers,proves to be essential in photonic integrated circuits(PICs).We designed and fabricated a directional coupler-based power splitter with a wideband arbitrary splitting ratio and a microring resonator with a wideband uniform extinction ratio(ER)based on artificial gauge field(AGF)optimization.The neural network-aided inverse design method is applied to complete the target.Less than 0.9 dB power splitting variation and 1.6 dB ER variation have been achieved experimentally over a 100-nm bandwidth.Wideband performance,design efficiency,and device compactness are obtained by utilizing this optimization,which indicates great potential and universality in PIC applications.
基金supported by the NSFC (Grant Nos. 12274473 and 12135018)。
文摘Ultracold atoms endowed with tunable spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling(SOAMC)represent a promising avenue for delving into exotic quantum phenomena. Building on recent experimental advancements, we propose the generation of synthetic gauge fields, and by including exotic vortex phases within spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, employing a combination of a running wave and Laguerre-Gaussian laser fields. We investigate the ground-state characteristics of the SOAMC condensate, revealing the emergence of exotic vortex states with controllable orbital angular momenta. It is shown that the interplay of the SOAMC and conventional spin-linear-momentum coupling induced by the running wave beam leads to the formation of a vortex state exhibiting a phase stripe hosting single multiply quantized singularity. The phase of the ground state will undergo the phase transition corresponding to the breaking of rotational symmetry while preserving the mirror symmetry. Importantly, the observed density distribution of the ground-state wavefunction, exhibiting broken rotational symmetry, can be well characterized by the synthetic magnetic field generated through light interaction with the dressed spin state. Our findings pave the way for further exploration into the rotational properties of stable exotic vortices with higher orbital angular momenta against splitting in the presence of synthetic gauge fields in ultracold quantum gases.
文摘Monopoles and vortices are well known magnetically charged soliton solutions of gauge field equations. Extending the idea of Dirac on monopoles, Schwinger pioneered the concept of solitons carrying both electric and magnetic charges, called dyons, which are useful in modeling elementary particles. Mathematically, the existence of dyons presents interesting variational partial differential equation problems, subject to topological constraints. This article is a survey on recent progress in the study of dyons.
文摘In 1992,E.E.Podkletnov and R.Nieminen found that under certain conditions,ceramic superconductor with composite structure reveals weak shielding properties against gravitational force.In classical Newton's theory of gravity and even in Einstein's general theory of gravity,there are no grounds of gravitational shielding effects.But in quantum gauge theory of gravity,the gravitational shielding effects can be explained in a simple and natural way.In quantum gauge theory of gravity,gravitational gauge interactions of complex scalar field can be formulated based on gauge principle.After spontaneous symmetry breaking,if the vacuum of the complex scalar field is not stable and uniform,there will be a mass term of gravitational gauge field.When gravitational gauge field propagates in this unstable vacuum of the complex scalar field,it will decays exponentially,which is the nature of gravitational shielding effects.The mechanism of gravitational shielding effects is studied in this paper,and some main properties of gravitational shielding effects are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12134020 and 12374156)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)。
文摘Deconfined quantum critical points(DQCPs)have been proposed as a class of continuous quantum phase transitions occurring between two ordered phases with distinct symmetry-breaking patterns,beyond the conventional framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson(LGW)theory.At the DQCP,the system exhibits emergent gauge fields,fractionalized excitations,and enhanced symmetries.
文摘A relativistic quantum field theory is presented for finite density problems based on the principle of locality. It is shown that, in addition to the conventional ones, a local approach to the relativistic quantum field theories at both zero and finite densities consistent with the violation of Bell-like inequalities should contain and provide solutions to at least three additional problems, namely, i) the statistical gauge invariance; ii) the dark components of the local observables; and iii) the fermion statistical blocking effects, based upon an asymptotic nonthermal ensemble. An application to models is presented to show the importance of the discussions.
文摘A new mechanism to introduce the mass of gauge field in supersymmetric gauge theory is discussed. The model has the strict local gauge symmetry and supersymmetry. Because we introduce two vector superfields simultaneously, the model contains a massive gauge field as well as a massless gauge field.
文摘A new mechanism for mass generation of gauge field is discussed in this paper. By introducing two sets of gauge fields and making the variations of these two sets of gauge fields compensated each other under local gauge transformations, the mass term of gauge fields is introduced into the Lagrangian without violating the local gauge symmetry of the Lagrangian. This model is a renormalizable quantum model.
文摘Gravitational interactions of Dirac field are studied in this paper. Based on gauge principle, quantum gauge theory of gravity, which is perturbatively renormalizable, is formulated in the Minkowski space-time. In quantum gauge theory of gravity, gravity is treated as a kind of fundamental interactions, which is transmitted by gravitational gauge field, and Dirac field couples to gravitational field through gravitational gauge covariant derivative. Based on this theory, we can easily explain gravitational phase effect, which has already been detected by COW experiment.
文摘Gauge theory of gravity is formulated based on principle of local gauge invariance. Because the model hasstrict local gravitational gauge symmetry, and gauge theory of gravity is a perturbatively renormalizable quantum model.However, in the original model, all gauge gravitons are massless. We want to ask whether there exist massive gravitonsin Nature. In this paper, we will propose a gauge model with massive gravitons. The mass term of gravitational gaugefield is introduced into the theory without violating the strict local gravitational gauge symmetry. Massive gravitons canbe considered to be possible origin of dark energy and dark matter in the Universe.
文摘Considering the fractal structure of space-time, the scale relativity theory in the topological dimension DT = 2 is built. In such a conjecture, the geodesics of this space-time imply the hydrodynamic model of the quantum mechanics. Subsequently, the gauge gravitational field on a fractal space-time is given. Then, the gauge group, the gauge-covariant derivative, the strength tensor of the gauge field, the gauge-invariant Lagrangean, the field equations of the gauge potentials and the gauge energy-momentum tensor are determined. Finally, using this model, a Reissner- Nordstrom type metric is obtained.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400900,2021YFA0718300,and 2021YFA1400243)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61835013)。
文摘We investigate the SU(2)gauge effects on bilayer honeycomb lattice thoroughly.We discover a topological Lifshitz transition induced by the non-Abelian gauge potential.Topological Lifshitz transitions are determined by topologies of Fermi surfaces in the momentum space.Fermi surface consists of N=8 Dirac points atπ-flux point instead of N=4 in the trivial Abelian regimes.A local winding number is defined to classify the universality class of the gapless excitations.We also obtain the phase diagram of gauge fluxes by solving the secular equation.Furthermore,the novel edge states of biased bilayer nanoribbon with gauge fluxes are also investigated.
文摘The notion of the inner product of vectors is extended to tensors of different orders, which may replace the vector product usually. The essences of the differential and the codiffcrential forms are pointed out： they represent the tangent surface and the normal surface fluxes of a tensor, reslpetivcly. The definitions of the divergence and the curl of a 2D surface flux of a tensor arc obtained. Maxwell＇s equations, namely, the constraction law of field, which were usually established based on two conservation laws of electric charge and imaginary magnetic charge, are derived by the author only by using one conservation law （ mass or fluid flux quantity and so on） and the feature of central field （or its composition）. By the feature of central field （or its composition）, the curl of 2D flux is zero. Both universality of gauge field and the difficulty of magnetic monopole theory （ a magnetic monopole has no effect on electric current just like a couple hasing no effect on the sum of forces） axe presented： magnetic monopole has no the feature of magnet. Finally it is pointed out that the base of relation of mass and energy is already involved in Maxwell＇s equations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206,12275090,and 12304554)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0301603 and 2021ZD0302303)。
文摘In the lattice system,when the synthetic flux reaches aπphase along a closed loop under the synthetic gauge field,destructive interference occurs and gives rise to the localization phenomenon.This is known as the Aharonov-Bohm(AB)caging effect.It provides a powerful tool for the study of quantum transport and dynamical effects.In the system where lattice sites possess internal structure and the underlying gauge field is non-Abelian,localization can also occur,forming the non-Abelian AB caging.Here,we propose an experimental scheme to synthesize non-Abelian gauge fields with a single trapped ion by coupling multiple internal levels and Fock states in its motion via laser fields.In contrast to the Abelian AB caging,we numerically observe that the non-Abelian AB caging occurs either when the interference matrix is nilpotent,or when the initial state is specifically set.Our experimental scheme broadens the study of localization phenomena and provides a novel tool for the study of non-Abelian physics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.GG2030007011 and GG2030040453)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302004)+1 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174236)the fund for the Shanxi 1331 Project.
文摘Quantum link models(QLMs)serve as experimentally accessible platforms for studying lattice gauge theories with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.In this work,we investigate information scrambling in the partially confined phase of a spin-1 quantum link model by calculating the dynamics of out-of-time-ordered correlators(OTOCs)and entanglement entropy.We observe that,in the partially confined phase,information scrambling exhibits significant asymmetry,manifested as the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy.This phenomenon stands in stark contrast to the isotropic spreading observed in the deconfined phase and the localization characteristic of the confined phase.Furthermore,the simultaneous occurrence of the unidirectional propagation of both OTOCs and entanglement entropy,together with the q-induced asymmetric excitation propagation,reveals a direct connection between information scrambling and charge confinement.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12371181 and 12471175)Youth Research Staring Foundation of the Hebei Normal University(Grant No.L2025B05)。
文摘In this paper,we focus on studying normalized solutions for the following Schrödinger equation with a gauge field and mixed dispersion:{-△+λu+(h^(2)(|x|)|x|^(2)+∫_|x|^∞h(s)/su^(2)(s)ds)u=μ|u|^(q-2)u+γu^(3)+|u|^(p-2)u,x∈R^(2),∫_(R^2)u^(2)dx=c where h(s)=∫_(0)^(s)1/2u^(2)(l)dl is a given real number andλ∈R arises as a Lagrange multiplier.By developing new analytical techniques,we establish several existence and multiplicity results for certain values of c>0,depending on the parametersµ,γ,p and q.Notably,we investigate a more complex mixed nonlinear term in the equation,combining L2-subcritical,L2-critical and L2-supercritical exponents.This extends previous studies that solely focused on combinations of two exponents.We believe that our innovative ideas can be applied to investigating a broader class of nonhomogeneous L2-constrained problems involving more differential operators.
