Natural gas-fired electricity(NGFE) is expected to play a more important role in the future due to its characteristics of low pollution, high efficiency and flexibility. However, its development in China is impeded by...Natural gas-fired electricity(NGFE) is expected to play a more important role in the future due to its characteristics of low pollution, high efficiency and flexibility. However, its development in China is impeded by its high regulation price compared with coal power. Market reform is therefore of vital importance to promote the penetration of NGFE. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of market reform and the renewable electricity(RE) subsidy policy on the promotion of NGFE and RE. A dynamic game-theoretic model is developed to analyze the interaction among the NG supplier, the power sector and the power grid. Three scenarios are proposed with different policies, including a fixed regulation price of NG and electricity, real-time pricing(RTP) of NG and electricity, and subsidy targeted at RE. The results show that:(1) market reform can sharply decrease the NG price and consequently promote the development of NGFE and RE;(2) subsidy targeted at RE not only promotes the penetration of NGFE and RE, but also increases the utilization ratio of renewables significantly;(3) market reform and the subsidy also enhance consumers’ welfare by reducing their power consumption expenditure.展开更多
The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect ...The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect of carbon price floor on levelised cost of gas-fired generation technology through the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) ap-proach with the estimation of carbon price floor. Finally, the comparison of levelised cost of electricity for all generation technology in the UK will be shown and discussed.展开更多
This essay discusses the manifold depictions of Saint Michael The Archangel in Italian Renaissance art,in particular in Giorgio Vasari’s imagery.It starts with a brief explanation of who Michael The Archangel is,expl...This essay discusses the manifold depictions of Saint Michael The Archangel in Italian Renaissance art,in particular in Giorgio Vasari’s imagery.It starts with a brief explanation of who Michael The Archangel is,explores his visual iconography in pagan,Judeo-Christian,and Byzantine imagery,and examines the impact of Renaissance Neoplatonism on the interpretation of Saint Michael and his symbolic roles.The Renaissance Neoplatonic philosopher Marsilio Ficino explained the significance of the Platonic celestial ladder as a spiritual vehicle for the human soul to achieve divine love.One step of this ladder is the Angelic Mind.It is here that the sparkling light of the realm of the Angelic Mind reveals the splendor and beauty of God’s grace.This is the realm where Michael,a Seraphim and a messenger of God,resides,delivering God’s messages of grace and love to humanity throughout the world.Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)visualized these divine messages metaphorically in frescos on two major vaults.The first is in the small cupola of the Pope Pius V Chapel in the Vatican,once called Saint Michael’s Chapel,where between 1560 and 1566 Vasari and his assistants painted al fresco the Saint Michael and the Devils,a depiction of Michael the Archangel combatting vices personified as demons who want to prevent human beings from obtaining the divine grace that will allow their souls to ascend toward heaven(Figure 1).Between 1570 and 1574,Vasari continued his metaphorical visualization of God’s divine message in a large vault,the octagonal cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore,the Dome of the Cathedral of Florence,the major focus in this essay(Figure 2).He and his assistants painted al fresco the Last Judgment,portraying Saint Michael The Archangel residing in a heavenly realm-the divine reign of God,where he mediates and witnesses God’s divine judgment on humankind(Figure 13).Here,celestial trumpeters loudly announce the separation of good and bad souls of the terrestrial realm,Earth.The bad souls rapidly descend into a Dantesque infernal realm where demons capture them and transform them into hybrid forms.In contrast,the good souls quickly emerge from Earth to ascend into Heaven.Their skeletal figures transform into angelic beings,ready to receive divine grace and eternal love.展开更多
Sequential melting theory is applied to reteal that fluctuation of chemical composition ofmelted iron in cupola is caused by the process of sequential melting. Fluctuation is incvitable andcyclc. Usting microcornputer...Sequential melting theory is applied to reteal that fluctuation of chemical composition ofmelted iron in cupola is caused by the process of sequential melting. Fluctuation is incvitable andcyclc. Usting microcornputer dynamic simulation has confirmed that the fluctuation situation ofchemical composition cf melted iron is contistent with actuaa production on the whole.展开更多
Gas-fired power generator(GPG)planning in the integrated gas-electricity systems(IGES)is the fundamental guarantee for optimal utilization of natural gas energy.The reliability level is significant for GPG planning to...Gas-fired power generator(GPG)planning in the integrated gas-electricity systems(IGES)is the fundamental guarantee for optimal utilization of natural gas energy.The reliability level is significant for GPG planning to ensure the secure operation of IGES.However,existing planning research considering reliability focuses on the system-level reliability index,which rarely accurately reflects GPG reliability's importance.A set of device-level reliability indices is proposed to consider the characteristics of GPG in IGES,which enriches the reliability index set and provides a complete index system for planning and considering reliability.Furthermore,solving the GPG capacity and location planning model considering the reliability index is time-consuming and difficult to solve directly.For enhancing the solving efficiency,a point-to-point mathematical mapping relationship of the reliability index and the GPG planning is constructed based on bilinear interpolation theory.Based on the proposed mapping relationship and reliability index,a novel GPG fast planning method is established to obtain the optimal planning scheme of GPG meeting reliability requirements directly.This method avoids repeatedly adjusting the optimization scheme to meet the reliability index.Finally,a modified IEEE 24-bus power system combined with an NGS 10-node gas system is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the established model and proposed method.展开更多
基金supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462013YJRC015,2462014YJRC036)supported by Ministry of Education in China(MOE)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(Project No.15YJC630195)
文摘Natural gas-fired electricity(NGFE) is expected to play a more important role in the future due to its characteristics of low pollution, high efficiency and flexibility. However, its development in China is impeded by its high regulation price compared with coal power. Market reform is therefore of vital importance to promote the penetration of NGFE. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of market reform and the renewable electricity(RE) subsidy policy on the promotion of NGFE and RE. A dynamic game-theoretic model is developed to analyze the interaction among the NG supplier, the power sector and the power grid. Three scenarios are proposed with different policies, including a fixed regulation price of NG and electricity, real-time pricing(RTP) of NG and electricity, and subsidy targeted at RE. The results show that:(1) market reform can sharply decrease the NG price and consequently promote the development of NGFE and RE;(2) subsidy targeted at RE not only promotes the penetration of NGFE and RE, but also increases the utilization ratio of renewables significantly;(3) market reform and the subsidy also enhance consumers’ welfare by reducing their power consumption expenditure.
文摘The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect of carbon price floor on levelised cost of gas-fired generation technology through the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) ap-proach with the estimation of carbon price floor. Finally, the comparison of levelised cost of electricity for all generation technology in the UK will be shown and discussed.
文摘This essay discusses the manifold depictions of Saint Michael The Archangel in Italian Renaissance art,in particular in Giorgio Vasari’s imagery.It starts with a brief explanation of who Michael The Archangel is,explores his visual iconography in pagan,Judeo-Christian,and Byzantine imagery,and examines the impact of Renaissance Neoplatonism on the interpretation of Saint Michael and his symbolic roles.The Renaissance Neoplatonic philosopher Marsilio Ficino explained the significance of the Platonic celestial ladder as a spiritual vehicle for the human soul to achieve divine love.One step of this ladder is the Angelic Mind.It is here that the sparkling light of the realm of the Angelic Mind reveals the splendor and beauty of God’s grace.This is the realm where Michael,a Seraphim and a messenger of God,resides,delivering God’s messages of grace and love to humanity throughout the world.Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)visualized these divine messages metaphorically in frescos on two major vaults.The first is in the small cupola of the Pope Pius V Chapel in the Vatican,once called Saint Michael’s Chapel,where between 1560 and 1566 Vasari and his assistants painted al fresco the Saint Michael and the Devils,a depiction of Michael the Archangel combatting vices personified as demons who want to prevent human beings from obtaining the divine grace that will allow their souls to ascend toward heaven(Figure 1).Between 1570 and 1574,Vasari continued his metaphorical visualization of God’s divine message in a large vault,the octagonal cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore,the Dome of the Cathedral of Florence,the major focus in this essay(Figure 2).He and his assistants painted al fresco the Last Judgment,portraying Saint Michael The Archangel residing in a heavenly realm-the divine reign of God,where he mediates and witnesses God’s divine judgment on humankind(Figure 13).Here,celestial trumpeters loudly announce the separation of good and bad souls of the terrestrial realm,Earth.The bad souls rapidly descend into a Dantesque infernal realm where demons capture them and transform them into hybrid forms.In contrast,the good souls quickly emerge from Earth to ascend into Heaven.Their skeletal figures transform into angelic beings,ready to receive divine grace and eternal love.
文摘Sequential melting theory is applied to reteal that fluctuation of chemical composition ofmelted iron in cupola is caused by the process of sequential melting. Fluctuation is incvitable andcyclc. Usting microcornputer dynamic simulation has confirmed that the fluctuation situation ofchemical composition cf melted iron is contistent with actuaa production on the whole.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977042)in part by Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(No.YCBZ2020002).
文摘Gas-fired power generator(GPG)planning in the integrated gas-electricity systems(IGES)is the fundamental guarantee for optimal utilization of natural gas energy.The reliability level is significant for GPG planning to ensure the secure operation of IGES.However,existing planning research considering reliability focuses on the system-level reliability index,which rarely accurately reflects GPG reliability's importance.A set of device-level reliability indices is proposed to consider the characteristics of GPG in IGES,which enriches the reliability index set and provides a complete index system for planning and considering reliability.Furthermore,solving the GPG capacity and location planning model considering the reliability index is time-consuming and difficult to solve directly.For enhancing the solving efficiency,a point-to-point mathematical mapping relationship of the reliability index and the GPG planning is constructed based on bilinear interpolation theory.Based on the proposed mapping relationship and reliability index,a novel GPG fast planning method is established to obtain the optimal planning scheme of GPG meeting reliability requirements directly.This method avoids repeatedly adjusting the optimization scheme to meet the reliability index.Finally,a modified IEEE 24-bus power system combined with an NGS 10-node gas system is adopted to verify the effectiveness of the established model and proposed method.
