What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.W...What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.What is added by this report?Conditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,and found that students vomiting at school or kindergarten,case activity in public areas,and the first case’s classroom less than 5 meters from toilets were risk factors.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective measures to address these factors can help reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.展开更多
What is already known on this topic?The norovirus has often caused outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,but minimal research has been performed on environmental contamination during norovirus outbreaks in schools an...What is already known on this topic?The norovirus has often caused outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,but minimal research has been performed on environmental contamination during norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.What is added by this report?This report conveys the norovirus detection rates and viral loads in different environmental sites in 45 norovirus outbreaks in Beijing Municipality from October to December 2020.What are the implications for public health practice?The evidence presented here can instruct professionals and the public to sample and disinfect key locations of the environment purposefully when responding to norovirus outbreaks.展开更多
The Ministry of Education recently responded to a proposal by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference that pre-school education should be included in the nation's overall compulsory education sy...The Ministry of Education recently responded to a proposal by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference that pre-school education should be included in the nation's overall compulsory education system.According to the ministrys reply,this proposal needs further consultations before reaching a final decisio n,as opinions differ widely across society and there are many difficulties.展开更多
On March 3,World Wildlife Day,at the Tongqu Kindergarten in Jianghan District children learned about wild animals and increased their ecological and environmental awareness.
My daughter recently completed her first year in kindergarten,which meant it was time for me to participate in my first parent-teacher conference.I was excited to find out how she was doing at school,and at the same t...My daughter recently completed her first year in kindergarten,which meant it was time for me to participate in my first parent-teacher conference.I was excited to find out how she was doing at school,and at the same time a little nervous.I had heard stories about what to expect at these kinds of events,but it's fair to say it was completely different from my expectations.In the UK parent-teacher conferences are often a great opportunity to have a one-to-one meeting with the school faculty and reflect on how your child is progressing.I recall my mum dreading these meetings,as I was apparently quite a handful.展开更多
Since family planning program started in China’s rural area, the number of families practicing family planning has increased rapidly and these families have become the majority in some areas. The final goal of China...Since family planning program started in China’s rural area, the number of families practicing family planning has increased rapidly and these families have become the majority in some areas. The final goal of China’s family planning policy is to promote sustainable development and improve people’s living conditions. In November and December 2002, a survey of rural展开更多
作为中世纪文学中的一个重要意象,"园子"以自己独特而诗意的方式,表达出中世纪的文化与精神内涵。在对于"园子"的勾勒中,诗人们往往采用一个古老的文学图景"风景宜人之地"(locus amoenus)。此外,中世纪...作为中世纪文学中的一个重要意象,"园子"以自己独特而诗意的方式,表达出中世纪的文化与精神内涵。在对于"园子"的勾勒中,诗人们往往采用一个古老的文学图景"风景宜人之地"(locus amoenus)。此外,中世纪文学中的"园子"还尤其从《旧约·创世纪》与《旧约·雅歌》中汲取了深厚的宗教内涵。中世纪诗歌与艺术作品中对"灵之园"与"爱欲之园"的描摹也揭示出中世纪欧洲,尤其是12世纪以来,虔诚的宗教信仰与世俗爱欲两种看似相悖的价值景观共存的有趣现象。以上这些思考会集中体现在我对12世纪的诗人哈特曼·冯·奥埃的亚瑟王叙事诗《埃里克》的分析中。亚瑟王骑士埃里克的最后一次冒险"宫廷之乐"(Joie de la curt)在全书中具有关键的作用。在这一次冒险中出现的"林园"(Baumgarten)是中世纪诗歌"园子勾勒"的一个典例,从中我们既可以看出"风景宜人之地"作为传统文学图景的的"新生",甚至包括《荷马史诗》中园子与爱欲的关系以及奥维德笔下以"优美之地"为背景而创作的"恐怖之事"。同样重要的是,《埃里克》作为中世纪的叙事诗,深受《雅歌》与《创世纪》中的"园子"形象的影响,尤其是《雅歌》中的"封闭的园子"关涉圣母玛利亚的神学阐释也融汇到了哈特曼对于"园子"的想象和描摹中。哈特曼笔下的"园子"具有两面性:一方面是以"伊甸园"和"玛利亚之园"为模板的"灵之园",另一方面是承载着中世纪宫廷爱情(minne)的深受世俗文化影响的"爱欲之园"。同时,在这篇论文中,我也以"园子"为中心,探讨了中世纪文学中与此紧密相关的概念和主题:如"冒险"(aventiure)与"骑士爱情"(minne)。展开更多
Parents are willing to spend for their children, no matter their financial situ- ations. According to a recent survey conducted by the China Research Center for Children＇s Industry, an institution specializing in res...Parents are willing to spend for their children, no matter their financial situ- ations. According to a recent survey conducted by the China Research Center for Children＇s Industry, an institution specializing in research in children＇s industry, spending for children accounts for 30 to 50 percent of 80 percent of families and has become one of the biggest areas of consumption in the Chinese mainland.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key R&D Programme of China(2021ZD0114103)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-1G-3014)High-level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project(Academic Leader 02-07)。
文摘What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.What is added by this report?Conditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,and found that students vomiting at school or kindergarten,case activity in public areas,and the first case’s classroom less than 5 meters from toilets were risk factors.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective measures to address these factors can help reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.
基金Supported by the Capital’s Fund for Health Improvement and Research(No.2020–2–1011).
文摘What is already known on this topic?The norovirus has often caused outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,but minimal research has been performed on environmental contamination during norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.What is added by this report?This report conveys the norovirus detection rates and viral loads in different environmental sites in 45 norovirus outbreaks in Beijing Municipality from October to December 2020.What are the implications for public health practice?The evidence presented here can instruct professionals and the public to sample and disinfect key locations of the environment purposefully when responding to norovirus outbreaks.
文摘The Ministry of Education recently responded to a proposal by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference that pre-school education should be included in the nation's overall compulsory education system.According to the ministrys reply,this proposal needs further consultations before reaching a final decisio n,as opinions differ widely across society and there are many difficulties.
文摘On March 3,World Wildlife Day,at the Tongqu Kindergarten in Jianghan District children learned about wild animals and increased their ecological and environmental awareness.
文摘My daughter recently completed her first year in kindergarten,which meant it was time for me to participate in my first parent-teacher conference.I was excited to find out how she was doing at school,and at the same time a little nervous.I had heard stories about what to expect at these kinds of events,but it's fair to say it was completely different from my expectations.In the UK parent-teacher conferences are often a great opportunity to have a one-to-one meeting with the school faculty and reflect on how your child is progressing.I recall my mum dreading these meetings,as I was apparently quite a handful.
文摘Since family planning program started in China’s rural area, the number of families practicing family planning has increased rapidly and these families have become the majority in some areas. The final goal of China’s family planning policy is to promote sustainable development and improve people’s living conditions. In November and December 2002, a survey of rural
文摘作为中世纪文学中的一个重要意象,"园子"以自己独特而诗意的方式,表达出中世纪的文化与精神内涵。在对于"园子"的勾勒中,诗人们往往采用一个古老的文学图景"风景宜人之地"(locus amoenus)。此外,中世纪文学中的"园子"还尤其从《旧约·创世纪》与《旧约·雅歌》中汲取了深厚的宗教内涵。中世纪诗歌与艺术作品中对"灵之园"与"爱欲之园"的描摹也揭示出中世纪欧洲,尤其是12世纪以来,虔诚的宗教信仰与世俗爱欲两种看似相悖的价值景观共存的有趣现象。以上这些思考会集中体现在我对12世纪的诗人哈特曼·冯·奥埃的亚瑟王叙事诗《埃里克》的分析中。亚瑟王骑士埃里克的最后一次冒险"宫廷之乐"(Joie de la curt)在全书中具有关键的作用。在这一次冒险中出现的"林园"(Baumgarten)是中世纪诗歌"园子勾勒"的一个典例,从中我们既可以看出"风景宜人之地"作为传统文学图景的的"新生",甚至包括《荷马史诗》中园子与爱欲的关系以及奥维德笔下以"优美之地"为背景而创作的"恐怖之事"。同样重要的是,《埃里克》作为中世纪的叙事诗,深受《雅歌》与《创世纪》中的"园子"形象的影响,尤其是《雅歌》中的"封闭的园子"关涉圣母玛利亚的神学阐释也融汇到了哈特曼对于"园子"的想象和描摹中。哈特曼笔下的"园子"具有两面性:一方面是以"伊甸园"和"玛利亚之园"为模板的"灵之园",另一方面是承载着中世纪宫廷爱情(minne)的深受世俗文化影响的"爱欲之园"。同时,在这篇论文中,我也以"园子"为中心,探讨了中世纪文学中与此紧密相关的概念和主题:如"冒险"(aventiure)与"骑士爱情"(minne)。
文摘Parents are willing to spend for their children, no matter their financial situ- ations. According to a recent survey conducted by the China Research Center for Children＇s Industry, an institution specializing in research in children＇s industry, spending for children accounts for 30 to 50 percent of 80 percent of families and has become one of the biggest areas of consumption in the Chinese mainland.
