Objective:Ganoderma lucidum spore(GLS)is gaining recognition as a medicinal part of G.lucidum and has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties,such as antitumor activity.In this work,wall-broken GLS...Objective:Ganoderma lucidum spore(GLS)is gaining recognition as a medicinal part of G.lucidum and has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties,such as antitumor activity.In this work,wall-broken GLS powder(BGLSP)and wall-removed GLS powder(RGLSP),two kinds of GLS powder with different manufacturing techniques,were compared in terms of contents of active constituents and in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects.Methods:The ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry method was used to determine the contents of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in BGLSP and RGLSP.Seventeen individual triterpenoids were further quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker.The antitumor effects of BGLSP and RGLSP were evaluated using in vitro cell viability assay against human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901,lung carcinoma A549 and lymphoma Ramos and further validated by in vivo zebrafish xenograft models with transplanted SGC-7901,A549 and Ramos,Results:The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides,total triterpenoids and individual triterpenoids of RGLSP were significantly higher than those of BGLSP.Although both BGLSP and RGLSP inhibited the three tumor cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner,the inhibitory effects of RGLSP were much better than those of BGLSP.In the in vivo zebra fish assay,RGLSP exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against tumors transpla nted into the zebra fish compared with BGLSP,and the inhibition rates of RGLSP reached approximately 78%,31%and 83%on SGC-7901,A549 and Ramos,respectively.Conclusion:The results indicated that the antitumor effects of GLS were positively correlated with the contents of the polysaccha rides and triterpenoids and demonstrated that the wall-removing manufacturing technique could significantly improve the levels of active constituents,and thereby enhance the antitumor activity.展开更多
Several cancer cell lines(epithelioma cells or leukemia cells)from human being or mouse were first used to study the antitumor activity of the Ganoderma lucidum spore alcohol extract(GLSAE)in vitro by the MTT test A ...Several cancer cell lines(epithelioma cells or leukemia cells)from human being or mouse were first used to study the antitumor activity of the Ganoderma lucidum spore alcohol extract(GLSAE)in vitro by the MTT test A comparision was made between the sporodermbroken(SB)and sporoderm nonbroken(SN)GLSAE It was showed that both GLSAE SB and GLSAE SN could inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cells,but the activity of GLSAE SB was much higher than that of GLSAE SN These results suggested that Ganoderma lucidum spore could probably be used for tumor treatment展开更多
Five compounds were isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Gano- derma lucidum.On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data(MS,UV,IR,~1H and ^(13)CNMR),they were identified as 3,7,11,...Five compounds were isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Gano- derma lucidum.On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data(MS,UV,IR,~1H and ^(13)CNMR),they were identified as 3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid(Ⅰ),gano- deric acid B(Ⅱ),C(Ⅲ),D(Ⅳ)and ganodermanontriol(Ⅴ).Compound Ⅰ is a new natural product, named ganosporeric acid A.Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ are known compounds and were obtained for the first time from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum.Pharmacological experiments showed that ganosporeric acid A has an activity for lowering the levels GPT in mice with liver injury by CCl_4 and GaNI and exhibits heptoprotective effects.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to develop a type of Ganoderma lucidum(G.lucidum)-probiotic fermentation broth that can effectively improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of mice with ceftriaxone-induced intestina...Objective This study aimed to develop a type of Ganoderma lucidum(G.lucidum)-probiotic fermentation broth that can effectively improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of mice with ceftriaxone-induced intestinal dysbiosis.Methods By means of absorbance of optical density(OD)value and phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid measurement of polysaccharide content,the probiotic species can grow on the medium of G.lucidum were screened out,and the concentration of the medium of G.lucidum was determined,and the fermentation broth was prepared for subsequent experiments.Thirty-two SPF grade male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups(eight mice in each group),namely control group(CON),intestinal mucosal barrier damage model group(CS),fermentation broth intervention group(FT)and G.lucidum medium intervention group(GL),respectively.The intestinal dysregulation model was induced by intra-gastric administration of 0.2 mL ceftriaxone sodium(twice a day for seven consecutive days).From day 8,the FT group and GL group were gavage with 0.2 mL fermentation broth and G.lucidum medium,respectively.On day 15,all mice were sacrificed.To draw the weight curve and measure the cecal index;pathological examination of colon tissues with HE staining;serum levels of LPS,IL-10,TNF and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of CD3+T cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells and macrophages in spleen.16S rRNA sequencing was performed to detect the intestinal microbiota structure of mice.Results Bacillus subtilis can decompose and utilize G.lucidum fruiting body medium,and the suitable concentration of G.lucidum fruiting body medium is 33.2 mg/mL.The effect of Bacillus subtilis-G.lucidum fermentation broth on the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier caused by ceftriaxone sodium was reduced,the body weight of mice recovered and colon swelling improved,colon histopathological injury was alleviated,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,serum IL-10 increased significantly,LPS、TNF-αand IL-6 decreased significantly compared with model group,and the proportion of T cells and intestinal dysbiosis was improved.Conclusions The experimental results suggest that Bacillus subtilis-G.lucidum fermentation broth can effectively improve the intestinal barrier function damage,immune dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis caused by antibiotic overdose,and has a certain regulatory effect on intestinal mucosal barrier function.展开更多
The effects of Lingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum)on hemorrheology parameters and symptoms of hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia,sequelae of cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease are studied.The Lingzhi extract...The effects of Lingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum)on hemorrheology parameters and symptoms of hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia,sequelae of cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease are studied.The Lingzhi extract was given to 33 patients(15 male,18 female,65±8 years old)in dosage of 110mg qid po for 2 weeks.The blood viscosity was im- proved after treatment.The results showed that whole blood viscosity(at high shear rate and low shear rate)and plasma viscosity were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Lingzhi showed the effect of reducing blood pressure simultaneously.Several symptoms were also improved. However,there were no significant changes in haematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P>0.05).In a few cases there occurred adverse reactions of palpitation and restlessness.展开更多
A water soluble, (1 -->6)-branched, (1 -->4) linked D-glucan (LB-B1), [alpha](D)(21) = +174.2 degrees (c 0.87, H2O), was obtained from a hot-water extract of the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidun (Fr....A water soluble, (1 -->6)-branched, (1 -->4) linked D-glucan (LB-B1), [alpha](D)(21) = +174.2 degrees (c 0.87, H2O), was obtained from a hot-water extract of the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidun (Fr.) Karst by HPSEC, with 0.001 mol/L sodium hydroxide as the eluant, the molecular weight (Mw) of LB-B1 was estimated to be 9.3 x 10(3). From the results of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, acetolysis and 1D, 2D-NMR experimentation, it was concluded that LB-B1 was composed of repeating units with the following structure: alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glc(p) 1 down arrow 6 (-->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4-)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->)(n)展开更多
To investigate the absorption of total triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum in rats. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS methods were used to identify ganoderic acids in rat plasma after oral administration of total triterpenoids from...To investigate the absorption of total triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum in rats. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS methods were used to identify ganoderic acids in rat plasma after oral administration of total triterpenoids from G. lucidum by comparing their HPLC retention behaviors, UV absorption spectra, and mass spectra with authentic samples. Five ganoderic acids, ganoderic acid C2, C6, G, B and A were simultaneously detected in rat plasma. Ganoderic acids can be directly absorbed into circulation after oral administration of total triterpenoids from G. lucidum in rats.展开更多
As the main bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenoids have various pharmacological effects. In this paper, the nutritional requirements and culture conditions of a submerged culture of G. lucidum were ...As the main bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenoids have various pharmacological effects. In this paper, the nutritional requirements and culture conditions of a submerged culture of G. lucidum were optimized using the response surface methodology; maximum mycelia biomass and intracellular triterpenoid production reached 1.87 g/100 ml and 93.21 mg/100 ml, respectively, for a culture consisting of wort 4.10% （0.041 g/ml） and yeast extract 1.89% （0.0189 g/ml）, pH 5.40. For the first time, we established that wort, which is cheap and abundant, can replace the more commonly used glucose as the sole source of carbohydrate. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry （HPLC-ESI-MS）, 10 major ganoderic acids were tentatively identified based on the predominant fragmentation pathways with the elimination of H20 and CO2, as well as cleavage of the D-ring.展开更多
Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been shown to have both an-tioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and noticeably decreases both the infarct area and neuronal apoptosis of the ischemi...Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been shown to have both an-tioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and noticeably decreases both the infarct area and neuronal apoptosis of the ischemic cortex. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of pretreatment with ganoderma lucidum （by intragastric administration） in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Our results showed that pretreatment with ganoderma lucidum for 3 and 7 days reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus, diminished the content of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus and serum, decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-8 in the hippocampus, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus and serum. These results suggest that pretreatment with ganoderma lucidum was protective against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through its anti-oxidative and an-tiinflammatory actions.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the possible mechanism of the protective effects of a bioactive fraction, Ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan （GLPG）isolated from Ganoderma luddum mycelia, against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver ...AIM： To investigate the possible mechanism of the protective effects of a bioactive fraction, Ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan （GLPG）isolated from Ganoderma luddum mycelia, against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. METHODS： A liver injury model was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTY assay. The activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were determined with an automatic multifunction-biochemical analyzer and the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and TNF-α were determined following the instructions of SOD kit and TNF radioimmunoassay kit. Uver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） for histological evaluation and examined under light microscope. RESULTS： We found that GLPG can alleviate the L-02 liver cells injury induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCh） through the measurements of ALT and AST activities and the administration of GLPG to L-02 cells did not display any toxicity. Furthermore, histological analysis of mice liver injury induced by CCh with or without GLPG pretreatment indicated that GLPG can significantly suppress the toxicity induced by CCh in mice liver. We also found that GLPG reduced TNF-α level induced by CCh in the plasma of mice, whereas increased SOD activity in the rat serum. CONCLUSION： GLPG has hepatic protective activity against CCl4 induced injury both in vitro and in vivo. The possible antihepatotoxic mechanisms may be related to the suppression of TNF-α level and the free radical scavenging activity.展开更多
Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that G.lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects.And experime...Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that G.lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects.And experimental studies have confirmed that G.lucidum has multiple pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-microbial,anti-HIV protease,and antidiabetic activity and so on.With the deepening of research,more than 300 compounds have been isolated from G.lucidum.There is an increasing population of G.lucidum-based products,and its international development is expanding.Currently,G.lucidum has drawn much attention to its chemical composition,therapeutic effect,clinical value,and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of G.lucidum.展开更多
BACKGROUND：It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a very well known Chinese traditional medicine, can affect immunoregulation, free radical scavenging, and anti-hypoxia responses. OBJECTIVE： To in...BACKGROUND：It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a very well known Chinese traditional medicine, can affect immunoregulation, free radical scavenging, and anti-hypoxia responses. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and neuronal apoptosis in rats with pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）-induced epilepsy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cellular and molecular biology experiment with randomized controlled study design was performed at the Central Laboratory of Basic Medical College of Jiamusi University from June to August 2005. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, adult, male, Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups （10 rats per group）： control, epilepsy model, and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. A sub-eclampsia PTZ dose （35 mg/kg） was intraperitoneally injected to induce epilepsy in the latter two groups. Wild Ganoderma lucidum spore powder （30 g/L） was provided by the wild Ganoderma lucidum plant nursery at Jiamusi, China. Immunohistochemical detection and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediate dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） kits were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was intragastrically administered at a dose of 10.0 mL/kg, once a day for 28 days. In the epilepsy and control groups, an equivalent volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunoreactivity for IGF-1 and NF-κB/P65 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL methods. RESULTS： The hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells at high magnification （×400）, compared with the control group. Expression of IGF-1 and NF-κB were higher in the epilepsy group, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. In Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated rats, fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, expression of NF-κB/P65 was lower, and immunoreactivity to IGF-1 increased more distinctly, compared with the epilepsy group. In addition, seizure latency was longer on 17, 21, and 25 days post-PTZ treatment in the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group, compared with the epilepsy group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder down-regulated expression of NF-κB in brain tissues of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy, increased immunoreactivity to IGF-1, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. These results indicated that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has a neuroprotective effect.展开更多
Fractions of a water insolubleα-(1→3)-D-glucan(GL)extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were carboxy-methylated(CM)to obtain water-soluble carboxymethylated derivatives(CM-GL)having a degree of substitution(DS)of0.38~0.5...Fractions of a water insolubleα-(1→3)-D-glucan(GL)extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were carboxy-methylated(CM)to obtain water-soluble carboxymethylated derivatives(CM-GL)having a degree of substitution(DS)of0.38~0.51.Weight-average molecular weight M_w and intrinsic viscosity[η]of the samples CM-GL were measured by gelpermeation chromatography combined with laser light scattering(GPC-LLS)and viscometry.The CM-GL exhibits a stifferchain in aqueous solution at 25℃than the original glucan,The antitumor activities against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC,5×10^(6))of the carboxymethylated derivatives from theα-glucan and curdlan,aβ-glucan,are significantly higher than thoseof the original glucans.The effects of the relatively low molecular weight,expanded chains and better water-solubility of theCM-GL on the enhancement of antitumor activity could not be neglected.The chain stiffness decreased speedily withincrease of temperature from 40 to 60℃or NaOH concentration from 0.1 to 0.4 in the solution,respectively,and the changeof the chain stiffness is reversible.展开更多
Objective:To examine the level of expression of anti skin aging gene of Ganoderma lucidum polysacchayides and clarify its mechanism with anti aging of this ancient Chinese medicine.Methods:HacaT cell of keratinocytes ...Objective:To examine the level of expression of anti skin aging gene of Ganoderma lucidum polysacchayides and clarify its mechanism with anti aging of this ancient Chinese medicine.Methods:HacaT cell of keratinocytes lines were cultured and treated with the polysaccharides.The total RNA was extracted with Trizol reagent and cDNA was synthesized by reverse thanscription.The obtained cDNAs were then fluorescently labeled with cy3 and cy5 respectively and hybridized with gene expressing pedigree cDNA chip.The images were scanned and analyzed with special software.The scan data were analyzed with software and checked by real time PCR.Results:Among total 18 346 human genes,the expression of 103 ones was up-regulated and 378 ones down-regulated.It was demonstrated evidently that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides affected the expression of genes of anti skin aging.Two ways are anastomotic.Conclusion:it is concluded by analysis of function of these up-regulation and down-regulation genes that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides may play an important role in boosting cell growth and against skin aging.It shows that the results of gene array reliable by real time PCR.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effects of Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum extract （GLE）, on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl4） in rats. METHODS： Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4. Forty Wis...AIM： To investigate the effects of Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum extract （GLE）, on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl4） in rats. METHODS： Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4. Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups： control, CCl4, and two GLE groups. Except for rats in control group, all rats were administered orally with CCl4 （20%, 0.2 mL/100 g body weight） twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in GLE groups were treated daily with GLE （1 600 or 600 mg/kg） via gastrogavage throughout the whole experimental period. Liver function parameters, such as ALT, AST, albumin, and albumin/globulin （A/G） ratio, spleen weight and hepatic amounts of protein, malondiladehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （HP） were determined. Histochemical staining of Sirius red was performed. Expression of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1）, methionine adenosyltransferase （MAT1） 1A and MAT2A mRNA were detected by using RT-PCR. RESULTS： CCl4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increase in plasma transaminases, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight; and decrease in plasma albumin, A/G ratio and hepatic protein level. Compared with CCl4 group, GLE （600, 1 600 mg/kg） treatment significantly increased plasma albumin level and A/G ratio （P〈0.05） and reduced the hepatic HP content （P〈0.01）. GLE （1 600 mg/kg） treatment markedly decreased the activities of transaminases （P〈 0.05）, spleen weight （P〈 0.05） and hepatic MDA content （P〈0.05）; but increased hepatic protein level （P〈0.05）. Liver histology in the GLE （1 600 mg/kg）-treated rats was also improved （P〈0.01）. RT-PCR analysis showed that GLE treatment decreased the expression of TGF-β1 （P〈 0.05-0.001） and changed the expression of MAT1A （P〈0.05-0.01） and MAT2A （P〈 0.05-0.001）. CONCLUSION： Oral administration of GLE significantly reduces CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, probably by exerting a protective effect against hepatocellular necrosis by its free-radical scavenging ability.展开更多
Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of...Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products（TSI） contained（703.21±4.35） mg/g of genistein, with transformed rates of 96.63% and 87.82% of daidzein and genistein, respectively, and TSI also could enrich the bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum. The antitumor effects of TSI on human colorectal cancer cell line HTL-9, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were also studied. The 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay showed that TSI could dramatically reduce the viability rates of HTL-9 cells and MCF-7 cells without detectable cytotoxicity on GES-1 normal cells when the TSI concentration was lower than 100 μg/ml. With 100 μg/ml of TSI, HTL-9 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and late-apoptosis was primarily induced, accompanied with partial early-apoptosis. TSI could induce primarily earlyapoptosis by arresting cells in the G1 phase of MCF-7 cells. For HTL-9 cells, Western-blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis showed that TSI（100 μg/ml） can up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and cytochrome c（Cyto-c）, indicating that TSI could induce cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the expression of p53 was up-regulated, while the expression of Survivin and nuclear factor κB（NF-κB） was down-regulated. All these results showed that TSI could induce apoptosis of HTL-9 cells by the regulation of multiple apoptosis-related genes.展开更多
基金supported by Key R&D Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.2017C02011 and No.2019C02100)the Zhejiang Key Agricultural Enterprise Institute Project(No.2017Y20001)。
文摘Objective:Ganoderma lucidum spore(GLS)is gaining recognition as a medicinal part of G.lucidum and has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties,such as antitumor activity.In this work,wall-broken GLS powder(BGLSP)and wall-removed GLS powder(RGLSP),two kinds of GLS powder with different manufacturing techniques,were compared in terms of contents of active constituents and in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects.Methods:The ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry method was used to determine the contents of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in BGLSP and RGLSP.Seventeen individual triterpenoids were further quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker.The antitumor effects of BGLSP and RGLSP were evaluated using in vitro cell viability assay against human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901,lung carcinoma A549 and lymphoma Ramos and further validated by in vivo zebrafish xenograft models with transplanted SGC-7901,A549 and Ramos,Results:The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides,total triterpenoids and individual triterpenoids of RGLSP were significantly higher than those of BGLSP.Although both BGLSP and RGLSP inhibited the three tumor cell lines in vitro in a dose-dependent manner,the inhibitory effects of RGLSP were much better than those of BGLSP.In the in vivo zebra fish assay,RGLSP exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against tumors transpla nted into the zebra fish compared with BGLSP,and the inhibition rates of RGLSP reached approximately 78%,31%and 83%on SGC-7901,A549 and Ramos,respectively.Conclusion:The results indicated that the antitumor effects of GLS were positively correlated with the contents of the polysaccha rides and triterpenoids and demonstrated that the wall-removing manufacturing technique could significantly improve the levels of active constituents,and thereby enhance the antitumor activity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China the Fund of Chinese National Educational Commissionhad been accepted by the International Symposium on New Drug Research and Development.October,1991.Beijing.
文摘Several cancer cell lines(epithelioma cells or leukemia cells)from human being or mouse were first used to study the antitumor activity of the Ganoderma lucidum spore alcohol extract(GLSAE)in vitro by the MTT test A comparision was made between the sporodermbroken(SB)and sporoderm nonbroken(SN)GLSAE It was showed that both GLSAE SB and GLSAE SN could inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cells,but the activity of GLSAE SB was much higher than that of GLSAE SN These results suggested that Ganoderma lucidum spore could probably be used for tumor treatment
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Five compounds were isolated from the ether-soluble fraction of the spores of Gano- derma lucidum.On the basis of their chemical properties and spectral data(MS,UV,IR,~1H and ^(13)CNMR),they were identified as 3,7,11,12,15,23-hexaoxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-26-oic acid(Ⅰ),gano- deric acid B(Ⅱ),C(Ⅲ),D(Ⅳ)and ganodermanontriol(Ⅴ).Compound Ⅰ is a new natural product, named ganosporeric acid A.Compounds Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ are known compounds and were obtained for the first time from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum.Pharmacological experiments showed that ganosporeric acid A has an activity for lowering the levels GPT in mice with liver injury by CCl_4 and GaNI and exhibits heptoprotective effects.
基金We thank for the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900920)the Nutrition and Care of Maternal&Child Research Fund Project of Guangzhou Biostime Institute of Nutrition&Care(No.2019BINCMCF02)the Liaoning Provincial Program for Top Discipline of Basic Medical Sciences,China.
文摘Objective This study aimed to develop a type of Ganoderma lucidum(G.lucidum)-probiotic fermentation broth that can effectively improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of mice with ceftriaxone-induced intestinal dysbiosis.Methods By means of absorbance of optical density(OD)value and phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid measurement of polysaccharide content,the probiotic species can grow on the medium of G.lucidum were screened out,and the concentration of the medium of G.lucidum was determined,and the fermentation broth was prepared for subsequent experiments.Thirty-two SPF grade male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups(eight mice in each group),namely control group(CON),intestinal mucosal barrier damage model group(CS),fermentation broth intervention group(FT)and G.lucidum medium intervention group(GL),respectively.The intestinal dysregulation model was induced by intra-gastric administration of 0.2 mL ceftriaxone sodium(twice a day for seven consecutive days).From day 8,the FT group and GL group were gavage with 0.2 mL fermentation broth and G.lucidum medium,respectively.On day 15,all mice were sacrificed.To draw the weight curve and measure the cecal index;pathological examination of colon tissues with HE staining;serum levels of LPS,IL-10,TNF and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of CD3+T cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells and macrophages in spleen.16S rRNA sequencing was performed to detect the intestinal microbiota structure of mice.Results Bacillus subtilis can decompose and utilize G.lucidum fruiting body medium,and the suitable concentration of G.lucidum fruiting body medium is 33.2 mg/mL.The effect of Bacillus subtilis-G.lucidum fermentation broth on the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier caused by ceftriaxone sodium was reduced,the body weight of mice recovered and colon swelling improved,colon histopathological injury was alleviated,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,serum IL-10 increased significantly,LPS、TNF-αand IL-6 decreased significantly compared with model group,and the proportion of T cells and intestinal dysbiosis was improved.Conclusions The experimental results suggest that Bacillus subtilis-G.lucidum fermentation broth can effectively improve the intestinal barrier function damage,immune dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis caused by antibiotic overdose,and has a certain regulatory effect on intestinal mucosal barrier function.
文摘The effects of Lingzhi(Ganoderma lucidum)on hemorrheology parameters and symptoms of hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia,sequelae of cerebral thrombosis and coronary heart disease are studied.The Lingzhi extract was given to 33 patients(15 male,18 female,65±8 years old)in dosage of 110mg qid po for 2 weeks.The blood viscosity was im- proved after treatment.The results showed that whole blood viscosity(at high shear rate and low shear rate)and plasma viscosity were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Lingzhi showed the effect of reducing blood pressure simultaneously.Several symptoms were also improved. However,there were no significant changes in haematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P>0.05).In a few cases there occurred adverse reactions of palpitation and restlessness.
文摘A water soluble, (1 -->6)-branched, (1 -->4) linked D-glucan (LB-B1), [alpha](D)(21) = +174.2 degrees (c 0.87, H2O), was obtained from a hot-water extract of the sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidun (Fr.) Karst by HPSEC, with 0.001 mol/L sodium hydroxide as the eluant, the molecular weight (Mw) of LB-B1 was estimated to be 9.3 x 10(3). From the results of total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, acetolysis and 1D, 2D-NMR experimentation, it was concluded that LB-B1 was composed of repeating units with the following structure: alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->6)-alpha -D-Glc(p) 1 down arrow 6 (-->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->4-)-alpha -D-Glc(p)-(1 -->)(n)
基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Team in University(Grant No.985-2-063-112)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30701078).
文摘To investigate the absorption of total triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum in rats. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS methods were used to identify ganoderic acids in rat plasma after oral administration of total triterpenoids from G. lucidum by comparing their HPLC retention behaviors, UV absorption spectra, and mass spectra with authentic samples. Five ganoderic acids, ganoderic acid C2, C6, G, B and A were simultaneously detected in rat plasma. Ganoderic acids can be directly absorbed into circulation after oral administration of total triterpenoids from G. lucidum in rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31130042)
文摘As the main bioactive metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenoids have various pharmacological effects. In this paper, the nutritional requirements and culture conditions of a submerged culture of G. lucidum were optimized using the response surface methodology; maximum mycelia biomass and intracellular triterpenoid production reached 1.87 g/100 ml and 93.21 mg/100 ml, respectively, for a culture consisting of wort 4.10% （0.041 g/ml） and yeast extract 1.89% （0.0189 g/ml）, pH 5.40. For the first time, we established that wort, which is cheap and abundant, can replace the more commonly used glucose as the sole source of carbohydrate. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry （HPLC-ESI-MS）, 10 major ganoderic acids were tentatively identified based on the predominant fragmentation pathways with the elimination of H20 and CO2, as well as cleavage of the D-ring.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Taishan Medical University in China,No.2007.ZR-087
文摘Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been shown to have both an-tioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and noticeably decreases both the infarct area and neuronal apoptosis of the ischemic cortex. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of pretreatment with ganoderma lucidum （by intragastric administration） in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Our results showed that pretreatment with ganoderma lucidum for 3 and 7 days reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus, diminished the content of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus and serum, decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-8 in the hippocampus, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus and serum. These results suggest that pretreatment with ganoderma lucidum was protective against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through its anti-oxidative and an-tiinflammatory actions.
基金Supported by a grant from the Institute of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University
文摘AIM： To investigate the possible mechanism of the protective effects of a bioactive fraction, Ganoderma lucidum proteoglycan （GLPG）isolated from Ganoderma luddum mycelia, against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. METHODS： A liver injury model was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTY assay. The activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were determined with an automatic multifunction-biochemical analyzer and the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and TNF-α were determined following the instructions of SOD kit and TNF radioimmunoassay kit. Uver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） for histological evaluation and examined under light microscope. RESULTS： We found that GLPG can alleviate the L-02 liver cells injury induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCh） through the measurements of ALT and AST activities and the administration of GLPG to L-02 cells did not display any toxicity. Furthermore, histological analysis of mice liver injury induced by CCh with or without GLPG pretreatment indicated that GLPG can significantly suppress the toxicity induced by CCh in mice liver. We also found that GLPG reduced TNF-α level induced by CCh in the plasma of mice, whereas increased SOD activity in the rat serum. CONCLUSION： GLPG has hepatic protective activity against CCl4 induced injury both in vitro and in vivo. The possible antihepatotoxic mechanisms may be related to the suppression of TNF-α level and the free radical scavenging activity.
基金supported by Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(001/2023/ALC and 0006/2020/AKP)the Research Fund of University of Macao(CPG2023-00028-ICMS)+1 种基金the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GUIKEAA22096029)Macao Young Scholars Program(AM2022022)。
文摘Ganoderma lucidum,one of the most well-known edible fungi,is believed to be very beneficial for longevity and vitality.A long usage history suggests that G.lucidum has various clinical therapeutic effects.And experimental studies have confirmed that G.lucidum has multiple pharmacological effects,including antitumor,anti-microbial,anti-HIV protease,and antidiabetic activity and so on.With the deepening of research,more than 300 compounds have been isolated from G.lucidum.There is an increasing population of G.lucidum-based products,and its international development is expanding.Currently,G.lucidum has drawn much attention to its chemical composition,therapeutic effect,clinical value,and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of these aspects to enhance the global promotion of G.lucidum.
基金the Grant from Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, No.D2004-10
文摘BACKGROUND：It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a very well known Chinese traditional medicine, can affect immunoregulation, free radical scavenging, and anti-hypoxia responses. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and neuronal apoptosis in rats with pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）-induced epilepsy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cellular and molecular biology experiment with randomized controlled study design was performed at the Central Laboratory of Basic Medical College of Jiamusi University from June to August 2005. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, adult, male, Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups （10 rats per group）： control, epilepsy model, and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. A sub-eclampsia PTZ dose （35 mg/kg） was intraperitoneally injected to induce epilepsy in the latter two groups. Wild Ganoderma lucidum spore powder （30 g/L） was provided by the wild Ganoderma lucidum plant nursery at Jiamusi, China. Immunohistochemical detection and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediate dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） kits were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was intragastrically administered at a dose of 10.0 mL/kg, once a day for 28 days. In the epilepsy and control groups, an equivalent volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunoreactivity for IGF-1 and NF-κB/P65 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL methods. RESULTS： The hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells at high magnification （×400）, compared with the control group. Expression of IGF-1 and NF-κB were higher in the epilepsy group, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. In Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated rats, fewer apoptotic cells were observed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, expression of NF-κB/P65 was lower, and immunoreactivity to IGF-1 increased more distinctly, compared with the epilepsy group. In addition, seizure latency was longer on 17, 21, and 25 days post-PTZ treatment in the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder group, compared with the epilepsy group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder down-regulated expression of NF-κB in brain tissues of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy, increased immunoreactivity to IGF-1, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. These results indicated that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has a neuroprotective effect.
基金This work was financially supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral program of Higher Education(RFDP)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20074025)
文摘Fractions of a water insolubleα-(1→3)-D-glucan(GL)extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were carboxy-methylated(CM)to obtain water-soluble carboxymethylated derivatives(CM-GL)having a degree of substitution(DS)of0.38~0.51.Weight-average molecular weight M_w and intrinsic viscosity[η]of the samples CM-GL were measured by gelpermeation chromatography combined with laser light scattering(GPC-LLS)and viscometry.The CM-GL exhibits a stifferchain in aqueous solution at 25℃than the original glucan,The antitumor activities against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC,5×10^(6))of the carboxymethylated derivatives from theα-glucan and curdlan,aβ-glucan,are significantly higher than thoseof the original glucans.The effects of the relatively low molecular weight,expanded chains and better water-solubility of theCM-GL on the enhancement of antitumor activity could not be neglected.The chain stiffness decreased speedily withincrease of temperature from 40 to 60℃or NaOH concentration from 0.1 to 0.4 in the solution,respectively,and the changeof the chain stiffness is reversible.
文摘Objective:To examine the level of expression of anti skin aging gene of Ganoderma lucidum polysacchayides and clarify its mechanism with anti aging of this ancient Chinese medicine.Methods:HacaT cell of keratinocytes lines were cultured and treated with the polysaccharides.The total RNA was extracted with Trizol reagent and cDNA was synthesized by reverse thanscription.The obtained cDNAs were then fluorescently labeled with cy3 and cy5 respectively and hybridized with gene expressing pedigree cDNA chip.The images were scanned and analyzed with special software.The scan data were analyzed with software and checked by real time PCR.Results:Among total 18 346 human genes,the expression of 103 ones was up-regulated and 378 ones down-regulated.It was demonstrated evidently that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides affected the expression of genes of anti skin aging.Two ways are anastomotic.Conclusion:it is concluded by analysis of function of these up-regulation and down-regulation genes that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides may play an important role in boosting cell growth and against skin aging.It shows that the results of gene array reliable by real time PCR.
文摘AIM： To investigate the effects of Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum extract （GLE）, on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl4） in rats. METHODS： Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4. Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups： control, CCl4, and two GLE groups. Except for rats in control group, all rats were administered orally with CCl4 （20%, 0.2 mL/100 g body weight） twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in GLE groups were treated daily with GLE （1 600 or 600 mg/kg） via gastrogavage throughout the whole experimental period. Liver function parameters, such as ALT, AST, albumin, and albumin/globulin （A/G） ratio, spleen weight and hepatic amounts of protein, malondiladehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （HP） were determined. Histochemical staining of Sirius red was performed. Expression of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1）, methionine adenosyltransferase （MAT1） 1A and MAT2A mRNA were detected by using RT-PCR. RESULTS： CCl4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increase in plasma transaminases, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight; and decrease in plasma albumin, A/G ratio and hepatic protein level. Compared with CCl4 group, GLE （600, 1 600 mg/kg） treatment significantly increased plasma albumin level and A/G ratio （P〈0.05） and reduced the hepatic HP content （P〈0.01）. GLE （1 600 mg/kg） treatment markedly decreased the activities of transaminases （P〈 0.05）, spleen weight （P〈 0.05） and hepatic MDA content （P〈0.05）; but increased hepatic protein level （P〈0.05）. Liver histology in the GLE （1 600 mg/kg）-treated rats was also improved （P〈0.01）. RT-PCR analysis showed that GLE treatment decreased the expression of TGF-β1 （P〈 0.05-0.001） and changed the expression of MAT1A （P〈0.05-0.01） and MAT2A （P〈 0.05-0.001）. CONCLUSION： Oral administration of GLE significantly reduces CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, probably by exerting a protective effect against hepatocellular necrosis by its free-radical scavenging ability.
文摘Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products（TSI） contained（703.21±4.35） mg/g of genistein, with transformed rates of 96.63% and 87.82% of daidzein and genistein, respectively, and TSI also could enrich the bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum. The antitumor effects of TSI on human colorectal cancer cell line HTL-9, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were also studied. The 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay showed that TSI could dramatically reduce the viability rates of HTL-9 cells and MCF-7 cells without detectable cytotoxicity on GES-1 normal cells when the TSI concentration was lower than 100 μg/ml. With 100 μg/ml of TSI, HTL-9 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and late-apoptosis was primarily induced, accompanied with partial early-apoptosis. TSI could induce primarily earlyapoptosis by arresting cells in the G1 phase of MCF-7 cells. For HTL-9 cells, Western-blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） analysis showed that TSI（100 μg/ml） can up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and cytochrome c（Cyto-c）, indicating that TSI could induce cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the expression of p53 was up-regulated, while the expression of Survivin and nuclear factor κB（NF-κB） was down-regulated. All these results showed that TSI could induce apoptosis of HTL-9 cells by the regulation of multiple apoptosis-related genes.
