Background:Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on li...Background:Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on limited areas within one land mass only. What are the polypore funga and species composition for large-scale of China, North America and Europe? The funga and species composition of polypores in the three land masses will supply an important source of reference for the distribution patterns of polypores at species level or higher taxa. In the present study the diversity and species composition of polypores in China, North America and Europe are compared based on published data.Methods:The species diversity, species composition, major genera and nutritional modes of polypores in the three land masses are comparatively analyzed.Results:A grand total of 1,337 polypore species, belonging to 11 orders, 43 families and 168 genera, have been recorded in these three land masses of the Northern Hemisphere, of which 854 species occur in China, 547 species in North America, and 432 species in Europe. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales are the three major orders, and Hymenochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Fomitopsidaceae are the three major families. The brown rot fungi Antrodia and Postia have highest number of species at generic level in the three land masses. The proportionally highest number of white rot polypore species is in China (78.81%), followed by North America (73.86%)and then Europe (67.82%);conversely, the proportion of brown rot polypores is highest in Europe (28.47%) then North America (21.39%) and then China (15.57%).Conclusions:China had the highest polypore diversity followed by North America, and then Europe although North America is around twice as big as China and Europe. White rot is the major nutritional mode of all the polypores in China, North America and Europe accounting for 77.04%of all polypore species. The white rot species as a proportion of all polypores in each of the three land masses are highest in China, followed by North America and then Europe. The polypore diversity patterns are probably due to tree species diversity and the distribution patterns of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in the three land masses. More tree species and diverse forest types are in China than those in North America and Europe, and these factors may correspond polypore funga and species composition in the three land masses.展开更多
目的探讨重症支原体肺炎患儿合并肺部真菌感染的病原学特征及T淋巴细胞免疫特征。方法回顾性纳入2022年7月—2024年7月收治于太原市中心医院儿科的37例重症支原体肺炎合并真菌感染的患儿为A组;另纳入同期无任何并发症的50例重症支原体...目的探讨重症支原体肺炎患儿合并肺部真菌感染的病原学特征及T淋巴细胞免疫特征。方法回顾性纳入2022年7月—2024年7月收治于太原市中心医院儿科的37例重症支原体肺炎合并真菌感染的患儿为A组;另纳入同期无任何并发症的50例重症支原体肺炎患儿为B组,同时随机选取50例健康体检儿童为C组。分析A组的病原学特征;对比3组儿童的炎症指标[中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、淀粉样蛋白A(serumamyloid A,SAA)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation Rate,ESR)]、肺功能指标[呼气峰流速(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、最大通气量(maximum voluntary ventilation VCMax,MVV)、第1秒用力呼气量占所有呼气量的比例(forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio,FEV1/FVC)]、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))及营养状况指标(维生素A、维生素D)。结果A组37例重症支原体肺炎合并肺部真菌感染的患儿共检出39株真菌,其中白念珠菌最多,其余依次为烟曲霉、毛霉、近平滑念珠菌和肺孢子菌。A、B两组患儿NLR、SAA、ESR、CD8^(+)水平均显著高于C组儿童,且A组显著高于B组,均存在显著差异(P<0.05);A、B两组患儿PEF、MVV、FEV1/FVC、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、维生素A、维生素D水平均显著低于C组儿童,且A组显著低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示:NLR、SAA、ESR、PEF、MVV、FEV1/FVC、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、维生素A、维生素D预测重症支原体肺炎患儿合并肺部真菌感染均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重症支原体肺炎合并肺部真菌感染以白念珠菌感染为主,患儿体内存在较强的炎症反应与免疫功能紊乱,肺功能差且营养状况不佳。因此临床治疗需早期监测各项指标,尽早采取减轻炎症及调节免疫等综合治疗措施,重视真菌防治,改善患儿预后。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.32161143013&32070006).
文摘Background:Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on limited areas within one land mass only. What are the polypore funga and species composition for large-scale of China, North America and Europe? The funga and species composition of polypores in the three land masses will supply an important source of reference for the distribution patterns of polypores at species level or higher taxa. In the present study the diversity and species composition of polypores in China, North America and Europe are compared based on published data.Methods:The species diversity, species composition, major genera and nutritional modes of polypores in the three land masses are comparatively analyzed.Results:A grand total of 1,337 polypore species, belonging to 11 orders, 43 families and 168 genera, have been recorded in these three land masses of the Northern Hemisphere, of which 854 species occur in China, 547 species in North America, and 432 species in Europe. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales are the three major orders, and Hymenochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Fomitopsidaceae are the three major families. The brown rot fungi Antrodia and Postia have highest number of species at generic level in the three land masses. The proportionally highest number of white rot polypore species is in China (78.81%), followed by North America (73.86%)and then Europe (67.82%);conversely, the proportion of brown rot polypores is highest in Europe (28.47%) then North America (21.39%) and then China (15.57%).Conclusions:China had the highest polypore diversity followed by North America, and then Europe although North America is around twice as big as China and Europe. White rot is the major nutritional mode of all the polypores in China, North America and Europe accounting for 77.04%of all polypore species. The white rot species as a proportion of all polypores in each of the three land masses are highest in China, followed by North America and then Europe. The polypore diversity patterns are probably due to tree species diversity and the distribution patterns of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in the three land masses. More tree species and diverse forest types are in China than those in North America and Europe, and these factors may correspond polypore funga and species composition in the three land masses.
文摘目的探讨重症支原体肺炎患儿合并肺部真菌感染的病原学特征及T淋巴细胞免疫特征。方法回顾性纳入2022年7月—2024年7月收治于太原市中心医院儿科的37例重症支原体肺炎合并真菌感染的患儿为A组;另纳入同期无任何并发症的50例重症支原体肺炎患儿为B组,同时随机选取50例健康体检儿童为C组。分析A组的病原学特征;对比3组儿童的炎症指标[中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、淀粉样蛋白A(serumamyloid A,SAA)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation Rate,ESR)]、肺功能指标[呼气峰流速(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、最大通气量(maximum voluntary ventilation VCMax,MVV)、第1秒用力呼气量占所有呼气量的比例(forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio,FEV1/FVC)]、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))及营养状况指标(维生素A、维生素D)。结果A组37例重症支原体肺炎合并肺部真菌感染的患儿共检出39株真菌,其中白念珠菌最多,其余依次为烟曲霉、毛霉、近平滑念珠菌和肺孢子菌。A、B两组患儿NLR、SAA、ESR、CD8^(+)水平均显著高于C组儿童,且A组显著高于B组,均存在显著差异(P<0.05);A、B两组患儿PEF、MVV、FEV1/FVC、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、维生素A、维生素D水平均显著低于C组儿童,且A组显著低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC结果显示:NLR、SAA、ESR、PEF、MVV、FEV1/FVC、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、维生素A、维生素D预测重症支原体肺炎患儿合并肺部真菌感染均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重症支原体肺炎合并肺部真菌感染以白念珠菌感染为主,患儿体内存在较强的炎症反应与免疫功能紊乱,肺功能差且营养状况不佳。因此临床治疗需早期监测各项指标,尽早采取减轻炎症及调节免疫等综合治疗措施,重视真菌防治,改善患儿预后。
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2021MA007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800018)。
