BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)is defined by the detection of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the liver and/or blood despite the ab-sence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen...BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)is defined by the detection of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the liver and/or blood despite the ab-sence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)using conventional ser-ological assays.Although OBI has been well-documented in individuals with resolved HBV infection or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy,reports of its occurrence during sequential antiviral treatment remain scarce.This report describes a case of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)transitioning through OBI during sequential combination therapy before ultimately achieving a functional cure.This case provides new insights into the emergence of OBI as a transitional phase during CHB treatment and emphasizes the importance of monitoring its clinical significance.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed with HBV infection in 2001.The patient first presented in 2012 with abnormal liver function tests and received initial treatment with conventional interferon therapy,which failed to achieve a virological response.Antiviral therapy was subsequently switched to entecavir monotherapy.By August 2019,the patient exhibited an HBsAg level of 29.93 IU/mL with undetectable HBV DNA(<25 IU/mL).At this point,combination therapy with entecavir and pegylated interferonα(PEG-IFNα)was initiated.Remarkably,while HBsAg declined to 0.42 IU/mL by April 2020,a paradoxical HBV DNA rebound to 173 IU/mL was observed.The regimen was consequently modified to tenofovir alafenamide and PEG-IFNα.By October 2020,the patient achieved HBsAg seroconversion(HBsAg 0.01 IU/mL,hepatitis B surface antibody 52.18 mIU/mL)for the first time,while maintaining low-level viremia(37 IU/mL),consistent with transition to OBI.The patient was then switched to PEG-IFNαmonotherapy.In November 2021,he discontinued PEG-IFNαtherapy,and one month later,both HBV DNA(<10 IU/mL)and HBsAg(<0.05 IU/mL)were negative.This response has been sustained through follow-up.CONCLUSION This case study illustrates the efficacy of sequential combination therapy in achieving functional cure in CHB patients,including those with a prolonged infection history.It highlights OBI as a transitional yet underrecognized phase during sequential antiviral therapy.While the patient ultimately achieved functional cure,the transient persistence of HBV DNA despite HBsAg clearance suggests the need for continued monitoring.This case provides new insights into OBI development during treatment and underscores the importance of further research into its long-term implications.展开更多
Background: Osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) has been reported to have positive initial results for subjects with chronic non-specific back pain in a rural safety-net hospital. However, the effects of OMT following ...Background: Osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) has been reported to have positive initial results for subjects with chronic non-specific back pain in a rural safety-net hospital. However, the effects of OMT following initial treatment have not been reported. Objective: To determine the effects of OMT for patients with chronic non-specific back pain in a rural safety-net hospital setting for an initial post-clinical and follow-up visit. Methods: A longitudinal, rolling admission, eleven-year study of cohort study with a primary complaint of chronic, non-specific back pain that had plateaued in improvement for a minimum of six months. One hundred and fifty-one subjects completed the first two study visits necessary for data collection, and fifty-nine subjects completed the follow-up visit after six months. Results: A two-way, mixed model, repeated measures ANOVA with pre- post1 and post2 (follow-up) treatment as the within variable and sex as the between subject variable showed a significant main effect from pre- to follow-up, (F (1, 57) = 21.171, P ηP2= 0.426), but not a significant interaction between time and sex (F (1, 57) = 0.279, P ηP2= 0.002). Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that OMT has a continued benefit in pain reduction and functional improvement beyond the initial treatment period. The rural, safety-net hospital setting made this study unique relative to the sample population.展开更多
Objective Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatment approaches. Developing synergistic therapy can provide a highly promising strategy for anti-cancer t...Objective Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatment approaches. Developing synergistic therapy can provide a highly promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment through combining the benefits of various mechanisms.Methods In this study, we developed a synergistic strategy for chemo-photothermal therapy by constructing nanocomposites using gold nanorods(GNRs) and tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNA) loaded with the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin(DOX).Results Our in vitro studies have systematically clarified the anti-cancer behaviors of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites, characterized by their enhanced cellular uptake and proficient lysosomal escape capabilities. It was found that the key role of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites in tumor ablation is primarily due to their capacity to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells via a photothermal effect, which generates instantaneous high temperatures. This mechanism introduces various responses in tumor cells, facilitated by the thermal effect and the integrated chemotherapeutic action of DOX. These reactions include the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species levels, the promotion of apoptotic cell death, and the suppression of tumor cell proliferation.Conclusion This work exhibits the potential of synergistic therapy utilizing nanocomposites for cancer treatment and offers a promising avenue for future therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a new non-invasive treatment method,which uses low-intensity ultrasound(US)to activate specific sonosensitizers(SNs)to produce reactive oxygen species(ROS)for therapeutic purposes.However,tr...Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a new non-invasive treatment method,which uses low-intensity ultrasound(US)to activate specific sonosensitizers(SNs)to produce reactive oxygen species(ROS)for therapeutic purposes.However,traditional sonosensitizers have the defects of low generation efficiency of ROS and single treatment mode.Therefore,designing sonosensitizers with high efficiency to generate ROS,high stability,and multimodal therapy is an excellent alternative to achieve effective,safe,and intelligent therapy.Heterojunction nanosonosensitizers(NSNs),as novel type of SNs,combine different materials through heterojunction structures to improve the efficiency of ROS generation.In this review,the classification of heterojunction NSNs,the preparation methods and characterization methods of heterojunction NSNs and the possible mechanisms for enhancing SDT were firstly presented,followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of heterojunction NSNs in the treatment of bacterial infections and tumors,with a special emphasis on synergistic enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of heterojunction SNs in combination with different therapeutic models such as gas therapy,immunotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of such heterojunction SNs-supported SDT were outlined and highlighted to facilitate their clinical translation.展开更多
Childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy is associated with complications,including mouth breathing and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),which can lead to sleep-related ventilation problems that significan...Childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy is associated with complications,including mouth breathing and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),which can lead to sleep-related ventilation problems that significantly impact the development of orofacial myofunctions as well as the physical and mental health of children.Orofacial myofunctional therapy(OMT)is based on the plasticity of neuromuscular systems to retrain the oral and maxillofacial system,effectively improving orofacial morphology,upper airway structure,and other aspects in pediatric patients.OMT is non-invasive and easy to implement,which can be promoted as an adjuvant therapy for children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.This review mainly discusses the theoretical basis,training methods,and influencing factors of OMT.展开更多
Rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of combining therapeutic effects with real-time monitoring of drug distribution and tumor status is emerging as a promising approach in cancer nanomedicine.Here...Rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of combining therapeutic effects with real-time monitoring of drug distribution and tumor status is emerging as a promising approach in cancer nanomedicine.Here,we introduce pyropheophorbide a-bisaminoquinoline conjugate lipid nanoparticles(PPBC LNPs)as a bimodal system for image-guided phototherapy in bladder cancer treatment.PPBC LNPs not only demonstrate both powerful photodynamic and photothermal effects upon light activation,but also exhibit potent autophagy blockage,effectively inducing bladder cancer cell death.Furthermore,PPBC LNPs possess remarkable photoacoustic(PA)and fluorescence(FL)imaging capabilities,enabling imaging with high-resolution,deep tissue penetration and high sensitivity for tracking drug biodistribution and phototherapy efficacy.Specifically,PA imaging confirms the efficient accumulation of PPBC LNPs within tumor and predicts therapeutic outcomes of photodynamic therapy,while FL imaging confirms their prolonged retention at the tumor site for up to 6 days.PPBC LNPs significantly suppress bladder tumor growth,with several tumors completely ablated following just two doses of the nanoparticles and laser treatment.Additionally,PPBC LNPs were formulated with lipid-based excipients and assembled using microfluidic technology to enhance biocompatibility,stability,and scalability,showing potential for clinical translation.This versatile nanoparticle represents a promising candidate for further development in bladder cancer therapy.展开更多
Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration...Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord.Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury.We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions.Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions.Importantly,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury.These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0...Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery ...Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.展开更多
Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SO...Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.展开更多
The M1/M2 phenotypic shift of microglia after spinal cord injury plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation during the secondary injury phase of spinal cord injury.Regulation of shifting microglia ...The M1/M2 phenotypic shift of microglia after spinal cord injury plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation during the secondary injury phase of spinal cord injury.Regulation of shifting microglia polarization from M1(neurotoxic and proinflammatory type)to M2(neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory type)after spinal cord injury appears to be crucial.Tryptanthrin possesses an anti-inflammatory biological function.However,its roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we found that tryptanthrin inhibited microglia-derived inflammation by promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype in vitro.Tryptanthrin promoted M2 polarization through inactivating the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway.Additionally,we found that targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway with tryptanthrin shifted microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury,inhibited neuronal loss,and promoted tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.Finally,using a conditional co-culture system,we found that microglia treated with tryptanthrin suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuronal apoptosis.Taken together,these results suggest that by targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis,tryptanthrin attenuates microglia-derived neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through shifting microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype.展开更多
The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separat...The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.展开更多
In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):104...In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):1045-1049]and Monrad and Rootzén[Probab.Theory Related Fields,1995,101(2):173-192].展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor treatment.However,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpressio...Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor treatment.However,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpression of glutathione(GSH)in tumors,which consumes PDT-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS),and hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment.The drawbacks of PTT include uneven temperature distribution and the upregulation of the heat-shock proteins in tumors,both of which result in ineffective treatment.To address these issues,a MnO_(2)doped nano-delivery system(HTIM-PMs)was synthesized by one-step self-assembly of disulfide bond bridged copolymers for indocyanine green(ICG)and MnO_(2)loading.The surface of polymeric micelles was layered with hyaluronan(HA)and transactivator(TAT)peptides to improve active targeting and increase cell penetration.After internalization,HTIM-PMs showed responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment(acid pH,high glutathione,high H_(2)O_(2)).Breaking the disulfide bond reduced the intratumoral GSH level and simultaneously released the MnO_(2)and ICG.The released MnO_(2)further reduced the GSH level and promoted O_(2)generation,thus enhancing the PDT effect.The PTT-mediated hyperthermia accelerated blood flow,which is beneficial for O_(2)distribution,and promotes ROS diffusion.These PTT-mediated adjuvant effects further overcame the limitations of PDT and the robust PDT effect in turn compensated for the deficiency of PTT.This promising platform exhibited a significant improvement in the PTT-PDT cancer treatment strategy compared to previously reported nanostructures.展开更多
Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network lev...Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.展开更多
Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,envir...Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.展开更多
It is well known that coarse-grained super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs)exhibit localized rather than homogeneous martensite transformation(MT),which,however,can be strongly influenced by either internal size...It is well known that coarse-grained super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs)exhibit localized rather than homogeneous martensite transformation(MT),which,however,can be strongly influenced by either internal size(grain size,GS)or the external size(geometric size).The coupled effect of GS and geometric size on the functional properties has not been clearly understood yet.In this work,the super-elasticity,one-way,and stress-assisted two-way shape memory effects of the polycrystalline NiTi SMAs with different aspect ratios(length/width for the gauge section)and different GSs are investigated based on the phase field method.The coupled effect of the aspect ratio and GS on the functional properties is adequately revealed.The simulated results indicate that when the aspect ratio is lower than about 4:1,the stress biaxiality and stress heterogeneity in the gauge section of the sample become more and more obvious with decreasing the aspect ratio,which can significantly influence the microstructure evolution in the process involving external stress.Therefore,the corresponding functional property is strongly dependent on the aspect ratio.With decreasing the GS and the aspect ratio(to be lower than 4:1),both the aspect ratio and GS can affect the MT or martensite reorientation in each grain and the interaction among grains.Thus,due to the strong internal constraint(i.e.,the constraint of grain boundary)and the external constraint(i.e.,the constraint of geometric boundary),the capabilities of the functional properties of NiTi SMAs are gradually weakened and highly dependent on these two factors.展开更多
During the initial impoundment period of a canyon-shaped reservoir,the water body fluctuated violently regarding water level,hydrological condition,and thermal stratification.These variations may alter the structure o...During the initial impoundment period of a canyon-shaped reservoir,the water body fluctuated violently regarding water level,hydrological condition,and thermal stratification.These variations may alter the structure of phytoplankton community,resulting in algal blooms and seriously threatening the ecological security of the reservoir.It is of great significance to understand the continuous changes of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period for the protection of reservoir water quality.Therefore,a two-year in-situ monitoring study was conducted on water quality and phytoplankton in a representative canyonshaped reservoir named Sanhekou and the interannual changes of phytoplankton community and its response to environmental changes during the initial impoundment period were discussed at taxonomic versus functional classification levels.The results showed that the total nitrogen and permanganate index levels were relatively high in the first year due to rapid water storage and heavy rainfall input,and the more stable hydrological conditions in the second year promoted the increase of algae density and the transformation of community,and the proportion of cyanobacteria increased significantly.The succession order of phytoplankton in the first year of the initial impoundment periodwas Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or J/F/X1-P/MP/W1-A/X1/MP,respectively.And the succession order in the second year was Cyanobacteria/Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or L_(M)/G/P-P/A/X1-X1/J/G.Water temperature,relativewater column stability,mixing depth,and pHwere crucial factors affecting phytoplankton community succession.This study revealed the interannual succession law and driving factors of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period and provided an important reference for the operation management and ecological protection of canyon-shaped reservoirs.展开更多
Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture t...Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture therapy. Methods: Twenty-two PSCI patients who underwent acupuncture therapy in our hospital were enrolled as research subjects. Another 14 people matched for age, sex, and education level were included in the normal control (HC) group. All the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans;the PSCI patients underwent one scan before acupuncture therapy and another after. The network metric difference between PSCI patients and HCs was analyzed via the independent-sample t test, whereas the paired-sample t test was employed to analyze the network metric changes in PSCI patients before vs. after treatment. Results: Small-world network attributes were observed in both groups for sparsities between 0.1 and 0.28. Compared with the HC group, the PSCI group presented significantly lower values for the global topological properties (γ, Cp, and Eloc) of the brain;significantly greater values for the nodal attributes of betweenness centrality in the CUN. L and the HES. R, degree centrality in the SFGdor. L, PCG. L, IPL. L, and HES. R, and nodal local efficiency in the ORBsup. R, ORBsupmed. R, DCG. L, SMG. R, and TPOsup. L;and decreased degree centrality in the MFG. R, IFGoperc. R, and SOG. R. After treatment, PSCI patients presented increased degree centrality in the LING.L, LING.R, and IOG. L and nodal local efficiency in PHG. L, IOG. R, FFG. L, and the HES. L, and decreased betweenness centrality in the PCG. L and CUN. L, degree centrality in the ORBsupmed. R, and nodal local efficiency in ANG. R. Conclusion: Cognitive decline in PSCI patients may be related to BFN disorders;acupuncture therapy may modulate the topological properties of the BFNs of PSCI patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)dysfunction is common after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and affects rehabilitation.While conventional treatments can alleviate symptoms to a certain extent,they o...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)dysfunction is common after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and affects rehabilitation.While conventional treatments can alleviate symptoms to a certain extent,they often fail to fully address the issue of insufficient GI motility.The GI motility therapeutic apparatus promotes dynamic recovery by simulating GI electric waves,whereas acupuncture regulates zang-fu qi movement,both offering effective interventions.However,there are few clinical studies investigating the combined use of GI motility therapy and acupuncture to promote GI function recovery in patients after GI laparoscopic radical surgery.AIM To evaluate the effects of combining GI motility therapy devices with acupuncture on GI function in patients undergoing radical laparoscopic surgery.METHODS This retrospective study included 196 patients who underwent radical GI endoscopic surgery at the Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center),School of Medicine,Tongji University,from June 2022 to May 2024.Patients were classified into a normal group(conventional treatment,n=96)and an integrated group(conventional+GI motility therapy device+acupuncture,n=100).The effects on GI function,hormone levels preand post-treatment,GI symptoms,immune function,adverse reactions,and patient satisfaction in both groups were assessed.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the integrated group demonstrated significantly better overall effectiveness(93.00%vs 84.3%;P<0.05)and shorter durations for first exhaust,feeding,defecation,and hospital stay(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the integrated group had lower gastrin and GI symptom rating scale scores and higher motilin,vasoactive intestinal peptide,and immune marker(CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and natural killer cells)levels(P<0.05).The integrated group,compared to the normal group,also reported fewer adverse reactions(5.00%vs 14.58%)and higher patient satisfaction(97.00%vs 84.38%),both statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of a GI motility therapy device and acupuncture promotes GI function recovery after radical gastrectomy,regulates GI hormones and immune function,and is safe and effective.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)is defined by the detection of replication-competent hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA in the liver and/or blood despite the ab-sence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)using conventional ser-ological assays.Although OBI has been well-documented in individuals with resolved HBV infection or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy,reports of its occurrence during sequential antiviral treatment remain scarce.This report describes a case of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)transitioning through OBI during sequential combination therapy before ultimately achieving a functional cure.This case provides new insights into the emergence of OBI as a transitional phase during CHB treatment and emphasizes the importance of monitoring its clinical significance.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed with HBV infection in 2001.The patient first presented in 2012 with abnormal liver function tests and received initial treatment with conventional interferon therapy,which failed to achieve a virological response.Antiviral therapy was subsequently switched to entecavir monotherapy.By August 2019,the patient exhibited an HBsAg level of 29.93 IU/mL with undetectable HBV DNA(<25 IU/mL).At this point,combination therapy with entecavir and pegylated interferonα(PEG-IFNα)was initiated.Remarkably,while HBsAg declined to 0.42 IU/mL by April 2020,a paradoxical HBV DNA rebound to 173 IU/mL was observed.The regimen was consequently modified to tenofovir alafenamide and PEG-IFNα.By October 2020,the patient achieved HBsAg seroconversion(HBsAg 0.01 IU/mL,hepatitis B surface antibody 52.18 mIU/mL)for the first time,while maintaining low-level viremia(37 IU/mL),consistent with transition to OBI.The patient was then switched to PEG-IFNαmonotherapy.In November 2021,he discontinued PEG-IFNαtherapy,and one month later,both HBV DNA(<10 IU/mL)and HBsAg(<0.05 IU/mL)were negative.This response has been sustained through follow-up.CONCLUSION This case study illustrates the efficacy of sequential combination therapy in achieving functional cure in CHB patients,including those with a prolonged infection history.It highlights OBI as a transitional yet underrecognized phase during sequential antiviral therapy.While the patient ultimately achieved functional cure,the transient persistence of HBV DNA despite HBsAg clearance suggests the need for continued monitoring.This case provides new insights into OBI development during treatment and underscores the importance of further research into its long-term implications.
文摘Background: Osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) has been reported to have positive initial results for subjects with chronic non-specific back pain in a rural safety-net hospital. However, the effects of OMT following initial treatment have not been reported. Objective: To determine the effects of OMT for patients with chronic non-specific back pain in a rural safety-net hospital setting for an initial post-clinical and follow-up visit. Methods: A longitudinal, rolling admission, eleven-year study of cohort study with a primary complaint of chronic, non-specific back pain that had plateaued in improvement for a minimum of six months. One hundred and fifty-one subjects completed the first two study visits necessary for data collection, and fifty-nine subjects completed the follow-up visit after six months. Results: A two-way, mixed model, repeated measures ANOVA with pre- post1 and post2 (follow-up) treatment as the within variable and sex as the between subject variable showed a significant main effect from pre- to follow-up, (F (1, 57) = 21.171, P ηP2= 0.426), but not a significant interaction between time and sex (F (1, 57) = 0.279, P ηP2= 0.002). Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that OMT has a continued benefit in pain reduction and functional improvement beyond the initial treatment period. The rural, safety-net hospital setting made this study unique relative to the sample population.
基金supported by the PLAGH Innovation Funds,(Grant No.22QNFC080)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2023ZYD0064 and 2023YFG0220)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YJ202242)the Research Funding from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University(Grant No.QDJF2022-2)National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation(Grant No.C2024129736)。
文摘Objective Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective treatment approaches. Developing synergistic therapy can provide a highly promising strategy for anti-cancer treatment through combining the benefits of various mechanisms.Methods In this study, we developed a synergistic strategy for chemo-photothermal therapy by constructing nanocomposites using gold nanorods(GNRs) and tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNA) loaded with the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin(DOX).Results Our in vitro studies have systematically clarified the anti-cancer behaviors of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites, characterized by their enhanced cellular uptake and proficient lysosomal escape capabilities. It was found that the key role of tFNA-DOX@GNR nanocomposites in tumor ablation is primarily due to their capacity to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells via a photothermal effect, which generates instantaneous high temperatures. This mechanism introduces various responses in tumor cells, facilitated by the thermal effect and the integrated chemotherapeutic action of DOX. These reactions include the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species levels, the promotion of apoptotic cell death, and the suppression of tumor cell proliferation.Conclusion This work exhibits the potential of synergistic therapy utilizing nanocomposites for cancer treatment and offers a promising avenue for future therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by Key Research Project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province,China(No.JYTZD2023139).
文摘Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a new non-invasive treatment method,which uses low-intensity ultrasound(US)to activate specific sonosensitizers(SNs)to produce reactive oxygen species(ROS)for therapeutic purposes.However,traditional sonosensitizers have the defects of low generation efficiency of ROS and single treatment mode.Therefore,designing sonosensitizers with high efficiency to generate ROS,high stability,and multimodal therapy is an excellent alternative to achieve effective,safe,and intelligent therapy.Heterojunction nanosonosensitizers(NSNs),as novel type of SNs,combine different materials through heterojunction structures to improve the efficiency of ROS generation.In this review,the classification of heterojunction NSNs,the preparation methods and characterization methods of heterojunction NSNs and the possible mechanisms for enhancing SDT were firstly presented,followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of heterojunction NSNs in the treatment of bacterial infections and tumors,with a special emphasis on synergistic enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of heterojunction SNs in combination with different therapeutic models such as gas therapy,immunotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of such heterojunction SNs-supported SDT were outlined and highlighted to facilitate their clinical translation.
文摘Childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy is associated with complications,including mouth breathing and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),which can lead to sleep-related ventilation problems that significantly impact the development of orofacial myofunctions as well as the physical and mental health of children.Orofacial myofunctional therapy(OMT)is based on the plasticity of neuromuscular systems to retrain the oral and maxillofacial system,effectively improving orofacial morphology,upper airway structure,and other aspects in pediatric patients.OMT is non-invasive and easy to implement,which can be promoted as an adjuvant therapy for children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.This review mainly discusses the theoretical basis,training methods,and influencing factors of OMT.
文摘Rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms capable of combining therapeutic effects with real-time monitoring of drug distribution and tumor status is emerging as a promising approach in cancer nanomedicine.Here,we introduce pyropheophorbide a-bisaminoquinoline conjugate lipid nanoparticles(PPBC LNPs)as a bimodal system for image-guided phototherapy in bladder cancer treatment.PPBC LNPs not only demonstrate both powerful photodynamic and photothermal effects upon light activation,but also exhibit potent autophagy blockage,effectively inducing bladder cancer cell death.Furthermore,PPBC LNPs possess remarkable photoacoustic(PA)and fluorescence(FL)imaging capabilities,enabling imaging with high-resolution,deep tissue penetration and high sensitivity for tracking drug biodistribution and phototherapy efficacy.Specifically,PA imaging confirms the efficient accumulation of PPBC LNPs within tumor and predicts therapeutic outcomes of photodynamic therapy,while FL imaging confirms their prolonged retention at the tumor site for up to 6 days.PPBC LNPs significantly suppress bladder tumor growth,with several tumors completely ablated following just two doses of the nanoparticles and laser treatment.Additionally,PPBC LNPs were formulated with lipid-based excipients and assembled using microfluidic technology to enhance biocompatibility,stability,and scalability,showing potential for clinical translation.This versatile nanoparticle represents a promising candidate for further development in bladder cancer therapy.
基金supported in part by NIH R01 NS100531,R01 NS103481NIH R21NS130241(to LD)+3 种基金Merit Review Award I01 BX002356,I01 BX003705 from the U.S.Department of Veterans AffairsIndiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Foundation(No.19919)Mari Hulman George Endowment Funds(to XMX)Indiana Spinal Cord&Brain Injury Research Fund from ISDH(to NKL and LD)。
文摘Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord.Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury.We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions.Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions.Importantly,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury.These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82204360(to HM)and 82270411(to GW)National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program,No.2021ZD0200900(to YL)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.
基金supported by the NIH (R01NS103481, R01NS111776, and R01NS131489)Indiana Department of Health (ISDH58180)(all to WW)。
文摘Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.
基金financial support from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),No.21H02035KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research(Exploratory),No.21K19017+2 种基金KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas(B),No.21H05100National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22409033 and No.22409035Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515110470.
文摘Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071387(to HT),81971172(to YW)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China,No.LY22H090012(to HT)the Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City,China,No.Y20220923(to MZ)。
文摘The M1/M2 phenotypic shift of microglia after spinal cord injury plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation during the secondary injury phase of spinal cord injury.Regulation of shifting microglia polarization from M1(neurotoxic and proinflammatory type)to M2(neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory type)after spinal cord injury appears to be crucial.Tryptanthrin possesses an anti-inflammatory biological function.However,its roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we found that tryptanthrin inhibited microglia-derived inflammation by promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype in vitro.Tryptanthrin promoted M2 polarization through inactivating the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway.Additionally,we found that targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway with tryptanthrin shifted microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype after spinal cord injury,inhibited neuronal loss,and promoted tissue repair and functional recovery in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.Finally,using a conditional co-culture system,we found that microglia treated with tryptanthrin suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuronal apoptosis.Taken together,these results suggest that by targeting the cGAS/STING/NF-κB axis,tryptanthrin attenuates microglia-derived neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through shifting microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype.
基金the Center of Lithium Battery Membrane Materials jointly established by School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co.Ltd.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52020105012,52303084)the Young Scientists Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB220)for the support of this work.
文摘The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
基金Supported by NSFC(Nos.11661025,12161024)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(Nos.2020GXNSFAA159118,2021GXNSFAA196045)+2 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Project(No.Guike AD20297006)Training Program for 1000 Young and Middle-aged Cadre Teachers in Universities of GuangxiNational College Student's Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202110595049)。
文摘In this paper,we present local functional law of the iterated logarithm for Cs?rg?-Révész type increments of fractional Brownian motion.The results obtained extend works of Gantert[Ann.Probab.,1993,21(2):1045-1049]and Monrad and Rootzén[Probab.Theory Related Fields,1995,101(2):173-192].
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82172090 and 82072059)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,Nos.2021-I2M-1-058 and 2022-I2M-1-023)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019PT320028)Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.20JCYBJC00030)。
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor treatment.However,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpression of glutathione(GSH)in tumors,which consumes PDT-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS),and hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment.The drawbacks of PTT include uneven temperature distribution and the upregulation of the heat-shock proteins in tumors,both of which result in ineffective treatment.To address these issues,a MnO_(2)doped nano-delivery system(HTIM-PMs)was synthesized by one-step self-assembly of disulfide bond bridged copolymers for indocyanine green(ICG)and MnO_(2)loading.The surface of polymeric micelles was layered with hyaluronan(HA)and transactivator(TAT)peptides to improve active targeting and increase cell penetration.After internalization,HTIM-PMs showed responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment(acid pH,high glutathione,high H_(2)O_(2)).Breaking the disulfide bond reduced the intratumoral GSH level and simultaneously released the MnO_(2)and ICG.The released MnO_(2)further reduced the GSH level and promoted O_(2)generation,thus enhancing the PDT effect.The PTT-mediated hyperthermia accelerated blood flow,which is beneficial for O_(2)distribution,and promotes ROS diffusion.These PTT-mediated adjuvant effects further overcame the limitations of PDT and the robust PDT effect in turn compensated for the deficiency of PTT.This promising platform exhibited a significant improvement in the PTT-PDT cancer treatment strategy compared to previously reported nanostructures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81871836(to MZ),82172554(to XH),and 81802249(to XH),81902301(to JW)the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2018YFC2001600(to JX)and 2018YFC2001604(to JX)+3 种基金Shanghai Rising Star Program,No.19QA1409000(to MZ)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.2018YQ02(to MZ)Shanghai Youth Top Talent Development PlanShanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program,No.RY411.19.01.10(to XH)。
文摘Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574105)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province,China(No.23564101D)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2021209147)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST-202308)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(No.CXZZBS2024135).
文摘Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12202294 and 12022208)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2022M712243)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2023SCU12098).
文摘It is well known that coarse-grained super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs)exhibit localized rather than homogeneous martensite transformation(MT),which,however,can be strongly influenced by either internal size(grain size,GS)or the external size(geometric size).The coupled effect of GS and geometric size on the functional properties has not been clearly understood yet.In this work,the super-elasticity,one-way,and stress-assisted two-way shape memory effects of the polycrystalline NiTi SMAs with different aspect ratios(length/width for the gauge section)and different GSs are investigated based on the phase field method.The coupled effect of the aspect ratio and GS on the functional properties is adequately revealed.The simulated results indicate that when the aspect ratio is lower than about 4:1,the stress biaxiality and stress heterogeneity in the gauge section of the sample become more and more obvious with decreasing the aspect ratio,which can significantly influence the microstructure evolution in the process involving external stress.Therefore,the corresponding functional property is strongly dependent on the aspect ratio.With decreasing the GS and the aspect ratio(to be lower than 4:1),both the aspect ratio and GS can affect the MT or martensite reorientation in each grain and the interaction among grains.Thus,due to the strong internal constraint(i.e.,the constraint of grain boundary)and the external constraint(i.e.,the constraint of geometric boundary),the capabilities of the functional properties of NiTi SMAs are gradually weakened and highly dependent on these two factors.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3203602)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370018)+1 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Youth Innovation Team Project(No.22JP040)Shaanxi Provincial Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team(No.2023-CX-TD-32).
文摘During the initial impoundment period of a canyon-shaped reservoir,the water body fluctuated violently regarding water level,hydrological condition,and thermal stratification.These variations may alter the structure of phytoplankton community,resulting in algal blooms and seriously threatening the ecological security of the reservoir.It is of great significance to understand the continuous changes of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period for the protection of reservoir water quality.Therefore,a two-year in-situ monitoring study was conducted on water quality and phytoplankton in a representative canyonshaped reservoir named Sanhekou and the interannual changes of phytoplankton community and its response to environmental changes during the initial impoundment period were discussed at taxonomic versus functional classification levels.The results showed that the total nitrogen and permanganate index levels were relatively high in the first year due to rapid water storage and heavy rainfall input,and the more stable hydrological conditions in the second year promoted the increase of algae density and the transformation of community,and the proportion of cyanobacteria increased significantly.The succession order of phytoplankton in the first year of the initial impoundment periodwas Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or J/F/X1-P/MP/W1-A/X1/MP,respectively.And the succession order in the second year was Cyanobacteria/Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or L_(M)/G/P-P/A/X1-X1/J/G.Water temperature,relativewater column stability,mixing depth,and pHwere crucial factors affecting phytoplankton community succession.This study revealed the interannual succession law and driving factors of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period and provided an important reference for the operation management and ecological protection of canyon-shaped reservoirs.
文摘Background: The mechanisms by which acupuncture affects poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remain unclear. Objective: To investigate brain functional network (BFN) changes in patients with PSCI after acupuncture therapy. Methods: Twenty-two PSCI patients who underwent acupuncture therapy in our hospital were enrolled as research subjects. Another 14 people matched for age, sex, and education level were included in the normal control (HC) group. All the subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans;the PSCI patients underwent one scan before acupuncture therapy and another after. The network metric difference between PSCI patients and HCs was analyzed via the independent-sample t test, whereas the paired-sample t test was employed to analyze the network metric changes in PSCI patients before vs. after treatment. Results: Small-world network attributes were observed in both groups for sparsities between 0.1 and 0.28. Compared with the HC group, the PSCI group presented significantly lower values for the global topological properties (γ, Cp, and Eloc) of the brain;significantly greater values for the nodal attributes of betweenness centrality in the CUN. L and the HES. R, degree centrality in the SFGdor. L, PCG. L, IPL. L, and HES. R, and nodal local efficiency in the ORBsup. R, ORBsupmed. R, DCG. L, SMG. R, and TPOsup. L;and decreased degree centrality in the MFG. R, IFGoperc. R, and SOG. R. After treatment, PSCI patients presented increased degree centrality in the LING.L, LING.R, and IOG. L and nodal local efficiency in PHG. L, IOG. R, FFG. L, and the HES. L, and decreased betweenness centrality in the PCG. L and CUN. L, degree centrality in the ORBsupmed. R, and nodal local efficiency in ANG. R. Conclusion: Cognitive decline in PSCI patients may be related to BFN disorders;acupuncture therapy may modulate the topological properties of the BFNs of PSCI patients.
基金Supported by Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center),Key Project within the Hospital,No.2024CRZD007Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,2024-2025 Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project,No.2024QN063.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)dysfunction is common after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and affects rehabilitation.While conventional treatments can alleviate symptoms to a certain extent,they often fail to fully address the issue of insufficient GI motility.The GI motility therapeutic apparatus promotes dynamic recovery by simulating GI electric waves,whereas acupuncture regulates zang-fu qi movement,both offering effective interventions.However,there are few clinical studies investigating the combined use of GI motility therapy and acupuncture to promote GI function recovery in patients after GI laparoscopic radical surgery.AIM To evaluate the effects of combining GI motility therapy devices with acupuncture on GI function in patients undergoing radical laparoscopic surgery.METHODS This retrospective study included 196 patients who underwent radical GI endoscopic surgery at the Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center),School of Medicine,Tongji University,from June 2022 to May 2024.Patients were classified into a normal group(conventional treatment,n=96)and an integrated group(conventional+GI motility therapy device+acupuncture,n=100).The effects on GI function,hormone levels preand post-treatment,GI symptoms,immune function,adverse reactions,and patient satisfaction in both groups were assessed.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the integrated group demonstrated significantly better overall effectiveness(93.00%vs 84.3%;P<0.05)and shorter durations for first exhaust,feeding,defecation,and hospital stay(P<0.05).Post-treatment,the integrated group had lower gastrin and GI symptom rating scale scores and higher motilin,vasoactive intestinal peptide,and immune marker(CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and natural killer cells)levels(P<0.05).The integrated group,compared to the normal group,also reported fewer adverse reactions(5.00%vs 14.58%)and higher patient satisfaction(97.00%vs 84.38%),both statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of a GI motility therapy device and acupuncture promotes GI function recovery after radical gastrectomy,regulates GI hormones and immune function,and is safe and effective.
