Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants（e.g., soybean）, which are recalcitrant to genet...Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants（e.g., soybean）, which are recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Transient expression systems, such as Arabidopsis protoplast, Nicotiana leaves, and onion bulb leaves are widely used for gene functional studies. A simple method for obtaining transgenic soybean callus tissues was reported recently. We extend this system with simplified culture conditions to gene functional studies, including promoter analysis, expression and subcellular localization of the target protein, and protein-protein interaction. We also evaluate the plasticity of this system with soybean varieties, different vector constructs, and various Agrobacterium strains. The results indicated that the callus transformation system is efficient and adaptable for gene functional investigation in soybean genotype-, vector-, and Agrobacterium strain-independent modes. We demonstrated an easy set-up and practical homologous strategy for soybean gene functional studies.展开更多
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herb...Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.展开更多
The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli（Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988）.Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience（...The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli（Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988）.Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience（Kaplan,1988）.Chewing gum has been known to have a positive effect on cognition,including alertness,attention,cognitive processing speed,展开更多
The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback （Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004）. Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following str...The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback （Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004）. Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following stroke. In partic- ular, somatosensory impairments, such as impairment in touch, proprioception, light touch, and vibration have been frequently observed （Carey et al., 1993; Sullivan and Hed- man, 2008; Tyson et al., 2008）. Patients with somatosensory dysfunction show negative effects on motor control, and it sometimes becomes difficult to perform daily activities independently.展开更多
An AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet （BLG） under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system a...An AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet （BLG） under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system are investigated in the presence of different electric fields normal to the BLG. The AB-stacked BLG is able to tune the bandgap into 0.234 eV with the increase of the external electronic field to 1 V/nm, however, the AA-stacked BLG is not sensitive to the external electric field. In both the cases, the spacing between the BLG slightly change in terms of the electric field. The charges in the AB-stacked BLG are increased with the increase of the electric field, which is considered to be the reason that causes the bandgap opening in the AB-stacked BLG.展开更多
In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in h...In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in hexagonal （P63/mmc） and orthorhombic （Pmmn） structures with both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation. LDA gives smaller lattice parameters and larger elastic moduli than GGA. Both results show that the hexagonal ones are more stable than orthorhombic ones except Os0.5Ru0.5B2. Moreover, the hexagonal structure has superior elastic property than orthorhombic one. Generally speaking, the calculated elastic moduli of Re0.5Ir0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 are smaller than those values of Re0.5Tc0.5B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 within the same structure because of the filling of antibonding states. The relativistic effects result in weaker bonds of Tc-B （Ru-B） than those of Re-B （Os-B）. All the diborides are ultra-incompressible. Re0.5Tc0.5B2 has the largest shear modulus and it is a promising superhard diboride like Os0.5W0.5B2. The elastic properties are in high correlation with the bond strength. The shear moduli are more sensitive than the bulk moduli to the bond strength.展开更多
A systematic study on geometry, electronic structure and vibrational properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase cluster, within the framework of the density functional theory, has been performed in this work. The calculations...A systematic study on geometry, electronic structure and vibrational properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase cluster, within the framework of the density functional theory, has been performed in this work. The calculations confirmed that the most structures in substitutional model consist of a two-coordinate bridge structure and a three-coordinate hollow structure. The calculated results can well explain the red shift in N-doped TiO2 observed in experiments. The study provides an illustration for the N-doped anatase from the viewpoint of chemical bonding theory.展开更多
X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystal...X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystallite size and the distortion parameter from single reflection have been described,and the value of these two parameters at (110)and(200)directions have been determined.展开更多
The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides,which play significant roles in treating cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and providing antioxidant effects.Ginsenosides are primarily synthesized through the mevalo...The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides,which play significant roles in treating cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and providing antioxidant effects.Ginsenosides are primarily synthesized through the mevalo-nate pathway and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.Many key enzyme genes involved in this biosynthetic process have been cloned and validated,yet the regulatory functions of transcription factors remain unclear.The C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family,one of the largest families of transcription factors,is crucial in plant growth and development,response to biotic and abiotic stresses,and regulation of secondary metabolism.This study,based on the ginseng transcriptome database from Jilin,conducted a correlation analysis between the expression levels of PgZFPs genes in the Jilin ginseng C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family and ginsenoside content,a gen-ome-wide association study of PgZFPs,and co-expression analysis of PgZFPs with validated key enzyme genes.Ultimately,five candidate genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis were identified.The involvement of PgZFP27 and PgZFP-59-02 genes from the PgZFPs family in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides was validated through in vitro methyl jasmonate(MeJA)induction experiments.This result provides new genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides.展开更多
Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for th...Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for the retrograde labeling of projection neurons and cell type-specific trans-monosynaptic tracing,making these vectors powerful candidates for the dissection of synaptic inputs.Although several attenuated rabies viral vectors have been developed,their application in studies of functional networks is hindered by the long preparation cycle and low yield of these vectors.To overcome these limitations,we developed an improved production system for the rapid rescue and preparation of a high-titer CVS-N2c-ΔG virus.Our results showed that the new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit performed remarkably:(1)N2cG-coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allowed for efficient retrograde access to projection neurons that were unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro,and the efficiency was six times higher than that of rAAV9-Retro;(2)the trans-monosynaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2–3 times higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG;(3)CVS-N2c-ΔG could delivery modified genes for neural activity monitoring,and the time window during which this was maintained was 3 weeks;and(4)CVS-N2c-ΔG could express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination.These findings demonstrate that new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit may serve as a versatile tool for structural and functional studies of neural circuits.展开更多
Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes（PCDT/TAs）,sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs）, has been well-documented to occur via ra...Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes（PCDT/TAs）,sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs）, has been well-documented to occur via radical–radical coupling reactions from chlorinated thiophenol precursors. However, the current understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs is exclusively limited to the inherent point of view that chlorothiophenoxy radicals act as the only required intermediates for PCDT/TAs. This study investigates reaction pathways for the formation of PCDT/TAs involving two new types of radical species, i.e., substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals. Taking 2-chlorothiophenol（2-CTP） as a model compound for chlorothiophenols,we found that apart from the mostly discussed chlorothiophenoxy radicals, substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals could also be readily formed via the reaction of 2-CTP with H radicals. Furthermore, direct self-and cross-coupling of these radicals can result in the formation of PCDT/TAs, including 1-monochlorothianthrene（1-MCTA）, 1,6-dichlorothianthrene（1,6-DCTA）, 4,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene（4,6-DCDT）and 1,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene（1,6-DCDT）. The pathways proposed in this work are proven to be both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Particularly, comparisons were made between the formation mechanisms of sulfurated and oxygenated dioxin systems from an energetic point view, showing that replacing oxygen with sulfur atoms greatly reduces the activation barriers of the rate-controlling steps involved in the PCDT/TA formation processes compared with those involved for PCDD/Fs. The calculated results in this work may improve our understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs from chlorothiophenol precursors and should be informative to environmental scientists.展开更多
AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diag...AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with HCC between June 2008 and April 2009 in our department were enrolled to this study. One hundred and thirty-five (96.5%) patients had liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 73 (54.07%) of them being HBV DNA positive; the other etiologies of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver disease (1.4%), hepatitis C (1.4%) or cryptogenic (0.7%). All subjects were fully aware of their diagnosis and provided informed consent. HRQoL was assessed before treatment using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics and disease-specific characteristics of the patients. One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t tests were used to compare the overall FACT-Hep scores and clinically distinct TNM stages. Scores for all FACT-Hep items were analyzed by frequency analyses. The mean scores obtained from the FACT-Hep in different Child-Pugh classes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean FACT-Hep scores were reduced significantly from TNM StageⅠto Stage Ⅱ, Stage ⅢA, Stage ⅢB group (687 ± 39.69 vs 547 ± 42.57 vs 387 ± 51.24 vs 177 ± 71.44, P = 0.001). Regarding the physical and emotional well-being subscales, scores decreased gradually from Stage Ⅰ to Stage ⅢB (P = 0.002 vs Stage Ⅰ; P = 0.032 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.033 vs Stage ⅢA). Mean FACT-Hep scores varied by Child-Pugh class, especially in the subscales of physical well-being, functional well-being and the hepatobiliary cancer (P = 0.001 vs Stage I; P = 0.036 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.032 vs Stage ⅢA). For the social and family well-being subscale, only Stage ⅢB scores were significantly lower as compared with Stage Ⅰ scores (P = 0.035). For the subscales of functional well-being and hepatobiliary cancer, there were significant differences for Stages ⅡΙ, ⅢA and ⅢB (P = 0.002vs StageⅠ). CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients with HCC worsens gradually with progression of TNM stages. The most impaired subscales of HRQoL, as measured by FACT-Hep, were physical and emotional well-being.展开更多
By using the linear combination of the AGP(antisymmetrtzed geminat power) and SPG(sequential product of geminats) functions, an attempt has been made to catcutate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculated r...By using the linear combination of the AGP(antisymmetrtzed geminat power) and SPG(sequential product of geminats) functions, an attempt has been made to catcutate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculated results show that-the AGP or SPG function gives the same ground state result as their linear combination.展开更多
Change in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the indicators of global climate changes. Spatio-temporal change and change patterns can be identified using various methods to facilitate human understanding global climate c...Change in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the indicators of global climate changes. Spatio-temporal change and change patterns can be identified using various methods to facilitate human understanding global climate changes. Three empirical orthogonal function(EOF) techniques are discussed and applied to decades of sea-ice concentration(SIC) dataset in Arctic area for identifying independent patterns. It was found that: 1) discrepancies exist in magnitude and scope for each EOF pattern, however, the first two leading EOFs of variability possess high similarities in structure and shape; 2) Even though there are somewhat differences in amplitude of each PC mode, the first two leading PC modes maintain consistent in overall trend and periodicity; 3) There are significant discrepancies and inconsistencies in the third and fourth leading EOF and PC modes. The accuracies of three techniques are further validated in representing the physical phenomena of SIC anomaly patterns.展开更多
Genomics is a biology term appeared ten years ago, used todescribe the researches of genomic mapping, sequencing,and structure analysis, etc. Genomics, the first journal forpublishing papers on genomics research was b...Genomics is a biology term appeared ten years ago, used todescribe the researches of genomic mapping, sequencing,and structure analysis, etc. Genomics, the first journal forpublishing papers on genomics research was born in 1986.In the past decade, the concept of genomics has beenwidely accepted by scientists who are engaging in biologyresearch. Meanwhile, the research scope of genomics hasbeen extended continuously, from simple gene mappingand sequencing to function genomics study. To reflect thechange, genomics is divided into two parts now, thestructure genomics and the function genomics.Structure genomics retains the primary research con-tent of genomics, such as constructing high density genetic展开更多
Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage o...Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-展开更多
Cancers of the digestive system are major contributors to global cancer-associated morbidity and mortality,accounting for 35%of annual cases of cancer deaths.The etiologies,molecular features,and therapeutic managemen...Cancers of the digestive system are major contributors to global cancer-associated morbidity and mortality,accounting for 35%of annual cases of cancer deaths.The etiologies,molecular features,and therapeutic management of these cancer entities are highly heterogeneous and complex.Over the last decade,genomic and functional studies have provided unprecedented insights into the biology of digestive cancers,identifying genetic drivers of tumor progression and key interaction points of tumor cells with the immune system.This knowledge is continuously translated into novel treatment concepts and targets,which are dynamically reshaping the therapeutic landscape of these tumors.In this review,we provide a concise overview of the etiology and molecular pathology of the six most common cancers of the digestive system,including esophageal,gastric,biliary tract,pancreatic,hepatocellular,and colorectal cancers.We comprehensively describe the current stage-dependent pharmacological management of these malignancies,including chemo-,targeted,and immunotherapy.For each cancer entity,we provide an overview of recent therapeutic advancements and research progress.Finally,we describe how novel insights into tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion deepen our understanding of therapy resistance and provide an outlook on innovative therapeutic strategies that will shape the future management of digestive cancers,including CAR-T cell therapy,novel antibody-drug conjugates and targeted therapies.展开更多
During the early systemic infection of plant pathogens,individual cells can harbor pathogens at various stages of infection,ranging from absent to abundant.Consequently,gene expression levels within these cells in res...During the early systemic infection of plant pathogens,individual cells can harbor pathogens at various stages of infection,ranging from absent to abundant.Consequently,gene expression levels within these cells in response to the pathogens exhibit significant variability.These variations are pivotal in determining pathogenicity or susceptibility,yet they remain largely unexplored and poorly understood.Sugarcane mosaic virus(SCMV)is a representative member of the monocot-infecting potyviruses with a polyadeny-lated RNA genome,which can be captured by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).Here,we per-formed scRNA-seq on SCMV-infected maize leaves during early systemic infection(prior to symptom mani-festation)to investigate the co-variation patterns between viral accumulation and intracellular gene expression alterations.We identifiedfive cell types and found that mesophyll-4(MS4)cells exhibited the highest levels of viral accumulation in most cells.Early systemic infection of SCMV resulted in a greater up-regulation of differentially expressed genes,which were mainly enriched in biological processes related to translation,peptide biosynthesis,and metabolism.Co-variation analysis of the altered maize gene expres-sion and viral accumulation levels in MS1,2,and 4 revealed several patterns,and the co-expression rela-tionships between them were mainly positive.Furthermore,functional studies identified several potential anti-or pro-viral factors that may play crucial roles during the early stage of SCMV systemic infection.These results not only provide new insights into plant gene regulation during viral infection but also offer a foundation for future investigations of host–virus interactions across molecular,cellular,and physiolog-ical scales.展开更多
1 Introduction Genomic islands(GIs)promote co-evolution among different species,which are of significant importance for studying microbial functionality and evolution[1].To effectively identify genomic islands,numerou...1 Introduction Genomic islands(GIs)promote co-evolution among different species,which are of significant importance for studying microbial functionality and evolution[1].To effectively identify genomic islands,numerous algorithms have been developed.These methods detect candidate genomic islands either by recognizing differences in sequence composition between genomic islands and their host genomes or by analyzing multiple genomes through sequence alignment[2].However,it’s important to note that genomic islands are formed through horizontal gene transfer and typically contain functional genes,such as those related to pathogenicity,metabolic regulation,and antibiotic resistance,as well as mobile elements like insertion sequences(IS),integrative and conjugative elements(ICE),mobile genetic elements(MGE),and bacteriophages(phage).In turn,utilizing these mobile elements can aid in the identification of genomic islands.展开更多
基金supported by the Transgenic Programs,China(2014ZX0800930B and 2016ZX08009-001)the National Natural Science Found of China(31371703)
文摘Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants（e.g., soybean）, which are recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Transient expression systems, such as Arabidopsis protoplast, Nicotiana leaves, and onion bulb leaves are widely used for gene functional studies. A simple method for obtaining transgenic soybean callus tissues was reported recently. We extend this system with simplified culture conditions to gene functional studies, including promoter analysis, expression and subcellular localization of the target protein, and protein-protein interaction. We also evaluate the plasticity of this system with soybean varieties, different vector constructs, and various Agrobacterium strains. The results indicated that the callus transformation system is efficient and adaptable for gene functional investigation in soybean genotype-, vector-, and Agrobacterium strain-independent modes. We demonstrated an easy set-up and practical homologous strategy for soybean gene functional studies.
基金funded by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202070002)the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(Grant No.GuikeAA23023007-2)+1 种基金the Guangdong Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project(2024CXTD19)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010303)。
文摘Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation has been widely adopted for plant genetic engineering and the study of gene function(Krenek et al.,2015).This method is prevalent in the genetic transformation of herbaceous plants,with notable applications in species such as Arabidopsis(Yin et al.,2024),soybean(Zhang et al.,2024),rice(Zhang et al.,2020),and Chinese cabbage(Li et al.,2021).However,its application in fruit trees is limited.This is primarily due to their long growth cycles and lack of rapid,efficient,and stable transgenic systems,which severely hinders foundational research involving plant genetic transformation(Mei et al.,2024).Furthermore,for subtropical fruit trees,the presence of recalcitrant seeds adds an extra layer of difficulty to genetic transformation(Umarani et al.,2015),as most methods rely on seed germination as a basis for transformation.
基金supported by the Medical Research Center Program(2015R1A5A2009124)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning
文摘The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli（Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988）.Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience（Kaplan,1988）.Chewing gum has been known to have a positive effect on cognition,including alertness,attention,cognitive processing speed,
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning,No.2013R1A1A3007734
文摘The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback （Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004）. Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following stroke. In partic- ular, somatosensory impairments, such as impairment in touch, proprioception, light touch, and vibration have been frequently observed （Carey et al., 1993; Sullivan and Hed- man, 2008; Tyson et al., 2008）. Patients with somatosensory dysfunction show negative effects on motor control, and it sometimes becomes difficult to perform daily activities independently.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61176101)the "Zijing Program Foundation"of Zhejiang Universitythe Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Oversea Returners
文摘An AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet （BLG） under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system are investigated in the presence of different electric fields normal to the BLG. The AB-stacked BLG is able to tune the bandgap into 0.234 eV with the increase of the external electronic field to 1 V/nm, however, the AA-stacked BLG is not sensitive to the external electric field. In both the cases, the spacing between the BLG slightly change in terms of the electric field. The charges in the AB-stacked BLG are increased with the increase of the electric field, which is considered to be the reason that causes the bandgap opening in the AB-stacked BLG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20973174)973 Project (2007CB805307)
文摘In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in hexagonal （P63/mmc） and orthorhombic （Pmmn） structures with both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation. LDA gives smaller lattice parameters and larger elastic moduli than GGA. Both results show that the hexagonal ones are more stable than orthorhombic ones except Os0.5Ru0.5B2. Moreover, the hexagonal structure has superior elastic property than orthorhombic one. Generally speaking, the calculated elastic moduli of Re0.5Ir0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 are smaller than those values of Re0.5Tc0.5B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 within the same structure because of the filling of antibonding states. The relativistic effects result in weaker bonds of Tc-B （Ru-B） than those of Re-B （Os-B）. All the diborides are ultra-incompressible. Re0.5Tc0.5B2 has the largest shear modulus and it is a promising superhard diboride like Os0.5W0.5B2. The elastic properties are in high correlation with the bond strength. The shear moduli are more sensitive than the bulk moduli to the bond strength.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20503021)National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815301)
文摘A systematic study on geometry, electronic structure and vibrational properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase cluster, within the framework of the density functional theory, has been performed in this work. The calculations confirmed that the most structures in substitutional model consist of a two-coordinate bridge structure and a three-coordinate hollow structure. The calculated results can well explain the red shift in N-doped TiO2 observed in experiments. The study provides an illustration for the N-doped anatase from the viewpoint of chemical bonding theory.
文摘X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystallite size and the distortion parameter from single reflection have been described,and the value of these two parameters at (110)and(200)directions have been determined.
基金This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240101227JC,20210402043GH,20200801063GH,20190201264JC,20190103104JH,20180414077GH,and 20180101027JC)the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province(2016C064 and 2018C047-3).
文摘The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides,which play significant roles in treating cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and providing antioxidant effects.Ginsenosides are primarily synthesized through the mevalo-nate pathway and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway.Many key enzyme genes involved in this biosynthetic process have been cloned and validated,yet the regulatory functions of transcription factors remain unclear.The C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family,one of the largest families of transcription factors,is crucial in plant growth and development,response to biotic and abiotic stresses,and regulation of secondary metabolism.This study,based on the ginseng transcriptome database from Jilin,conducted a correlation analysis between the expression levels of PgZFPs genes in the Jilin ginseng C_(2)H_(2)-type zincfinger protein family and ginsenoside content,a gen-ome-wide association study of PgZFPs,and co-expression analysis of PgZFPs with validated key enzyme genes.Ultimately,five candidate genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis were identified.The involvement of PgZFP27 and PgZFP-59-02 genes from the PgZFPs family in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides was validated through in vitro methyl jasmonate(MeJA)induction experiments.This result provides new genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32100899(to KZL),31830035(to FQX),31771156(to FQX),21921004(to FQX)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030,No.2021ZD0201003(to FQX)+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2018B030331001(to FQX)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB32030200(to FQX)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine,No.ZDSYS20200811142401005(to FQX)。
文摘Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for the retrograde labeling of projection neurons and cell type-specific trans-monosynaptic tracing,making these vectors powerful candidates for the dissection of synaptic inputs.Although several attenuated rabies viral vectors have been developed,their application in studies of functional networks is hindered by the long preparation cycle and low yield of these vectors.To overcome these limitations,we developed an improved production system for the rapid rescue and preparation of a high-titer CVS-N2c-ΔG virus.Our results showed that the new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit performed remarkably:(1)N2cG-coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allowed for efficient retrograde access to projection neurons that were unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro,and the efficiency was six times higher than that of rAAV9-Retro;(2)the trans-monosynaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2–3 times higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG;(3)CVS-N2c-ΔG could delivery modified genes for neural activity monitoring,and the time window during which this was maintained was 3 weeks;and(4)CVS-N2c-ΔG could express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination.These findings demonstrate that new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit may serve as a versatile tool for structural and functional studies of neural circuits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 21407167, 21621064, and 21607168)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB14030500)
文摘Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes（PCDT/TAs）,sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs）, has been well-documented to occur via radical–radical coupling reactions from chlorinated thiophenol precursors. However, the current understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs is exclusively limited to the inherent point of view that chlorothiophenoxy radicals act as the only required intermediates for PCDT/TAs. This study investigates reaction pathways for the formation of PCDT/TAs involving two new types of radical species, i.e., substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals. Taking 2-chlorothiophenol（2-CTP） as a model compound for chlorothiophenols,we found that apart from the mostly discussed chlorothiophenoxy radicals, substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals could also be readily formed via the reaction of 2-CTP with H radicals. Furthermore, direct self-and cross-coupling of these radicals can result in the formation of PCDT/TAs, including 1-monochlorothianthrene（1-MCTA）, 1,6-dichlorothianthrene（1,6-DCTA）, 4,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene（4,6-DCDT）and 1,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene（1,6-DCDT）. The pathways proposed in this work are proven to be both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Particularly, comparisons were made between the formation mechanisms of sulfurated and oxygenated dioxin systems from an energetic point view, showing that replacing oxygen with sulfur atoms greatly reduces the activation barriers of the rate-controlling steps involved in the PCDT/TA formation processes compared with those involved for PCDD/Fs. The calculated results in this work may improve our understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs from chlorothiophenol precursors and should be informative to environmental scientists.
基金Supported by Grants from the E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. E03008Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project Fund 2010-2011, No. 2010L052B
文摘AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with HCC between June 2008 and April 2009 in our department were enrolled to this study. One hundred and thirty-five (96.5%) patients had liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 73 (54.07%) of them being HBV DNA positive; the other etiologies of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver disease (1.4%), hepatitis C (1.4%) or cryptogenic (0.7%). All subjects were fully aware of their diagnosis and provided informed consent. HRQoL was assessed before treatment using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics and disease-specific characteristics of the patients. One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t tests were used to compare the overall FACT-Hep scores and clinically distinct TNM stages. Scores for all FACT-Hep items were analyzed by frequency analyses. The mean scores obtained from the FACT-Hep in different Child-Pugh classes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean FACT-Hep scores were reduced significantly from TNM StageⅠto Stage Ⅱ, Stage ⅢA, Stage ⅢB group (687 ± 39.69 vs 547 ± 42.57 vs 387 ± 51.24 vs 177 ± 71.44, P = 0.001). Regarding the physical and emotional well-being subscales, scores decreased gradually from Stage Ⅰ to Stage ⅢB (P = 0.002 vs Stage Ⅰ; P = 0.032 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.033 vs Stage ⅢA). Mean FACT-Hep scores varied by Child-Pugh class, especially in the subscales of physical well-being, functional well-being and the hepatobiliary cancer (P = 0.001 vs Stage I; P = 0.036 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.032 vs Stage ⅢA). For the social and family well-being subscale, only Stage ⅢB scores were significantly lower as compared with Stage Ⅰ scores (P = 0.035). For the subscales of functional well-being and hepatobiliary cancer, there were significant differences for Stages ⅡΙ, ⅢA and ⅢB (P = 0.002vs StageⅠ). CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients with HCC worsens gradually with progression of TNM stages. The most impaired subscales of HRQoL, as measured by FACT-Hep, were physical and emotional well-being.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘By using the linear combination of the AGP(antisymmetrtzed geminat power) and SPG(sequential product of geminats) functions, an attempt has been made to catcutate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculated results show that-the AGP or SPG function gives the same ground state result as their linear combination.
基金Project(41301420)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12JJB005)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2014VGE03)supported by the Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment from Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(LEND2013B04)supported by the NASA Key Laboratory of Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring,USA
文摘Change in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the indicators of global climate changes. Spatio-temporal change and change patterns can be identified using various methods to facilitate human understanding global climate changes. Three empirical orthogonal function(EOF) techniques are discussed and applied to decades of sea-ice concentration(SIC) dataset in Arctic area for identifying independent patterns. It was found that: 1) discrepancies exist in magnitude and scope for each EOF pattern, however, the first two leading EOFs of variability possess high similarities in structure and shape; 2) Even though there are somewhat differences in amplitude of each PC mode, the first two leading PC modes maintain consistent in overall trend and periodicity; 3) There are significant discrepancies and inconsistencies in the third and fourth leading EOF and PC modes. The accuracies of three techniques are further validated in representing the physical phenomena of SIC anomaly patterns.
文摘Genomics is a biology term appeared ten years ago, used todescribe the researches of genomic mapping, sequencing,and structure analysis, etc. Genomics, the first journal forpublishing papers on genomics research was born in 1986.In the past decade, the concept of genomics has beenwidely accepted by scientists who are engaging in biologyresearch. Meanwhile, the research scope of genomics hasbeen extended continuously, from simple gene mappingand sequencing to function genomics study. To reflect thechange, genomics is divided into two parts now, thestructure genomics and the function genomics.Structure genomics retains the primary research con-tent of genomics, such as constructing high density genetic
文摘Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-
基金supported by DFG-SFB1324.MPE is supported by the DFG(RTG 2727,Project B1.3.,445549683)the Dr.Hans und Lore Graf Stiftung,Germany.JB is supported by the Hector Foundation II.ML and LD were supported by the Clinician Scientist Program ICON of the Medical Faculty Mannheim.We apologize to all colleagues whose work was not cited due to space constraints.
文摘Cancers of the digestive system are major contributors to global cancer-associated morbidity and mortality,accounting for 35%of annual cases of cancer deaths.The etiologies,molecular features,and therapeutic management of these cancer entities are highly heterogeneous and complex.Over the last decade,genomic and functional studies have provided unprecedented insights into the biology of digestive cancers,identifying genetic drivers of tumor progression and key interaction points of tumor cells with the immune system.This knowledge is continuously translated into novel treatment concepts and targets,which are dynamically reshaping the therapeutic landscape of these tumors.In this review,we provide a concise overview of the etiology and molecular pathology of the six most common cancers of the digestive system,including esophageal,gastric,biliary tract,pancreatic,hepatocellular,and colorectal cancers.We comprehensively describe the current stage-dependent pharmacological management of these malignancies,including chemo-,targeted,and immunotherapy.For each cancer entity,we provide an overview of recent therapeutic advancements and research progress.Finally,we describe how novel insights into tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion deepen our understanding of therapy resistance and provide an outlook on innovative therapeutic strategies that will shape the future management of digestive cancers,including CAR-T cell therapy,novel antibody-drug conjugates and targeted therapies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 32072384,W2412104)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02)+2 种基金This study was also supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(NK2023070202)S.C.G.is supported by startup funds from the University of California,Riversideby a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award no.R35GM151194).
文摘During the early systemic infection of plant pathogens,individual cells can harbor pathogens at various stages of infection,ranging from absent to abundant.Consequently,gene expression levels within these cells in response to the pathogens exhibit significant variability.These variations are pivotal in determining pathogenicity or susceptibility,yet they remain largely unexplored and poorly understood.Sugarcane mosaic virus(SCMV)is a representative member of the monocot-infecting potyviruses with a polyadeny-lated RNA genome,which can be captured by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).Here,we per-formed scRNA-seq on SCMV-infected maize leaves during early systemic infection(prior to symptom mani-festation)to investigate the co-variation patterns between viral accumulation and intracellular gene expression alterations.We identifiedfive cell types and found that mesophyll-4(MS4)cells exhibited the highest levels of viral accumulation in most cells.Early systemic infection of SCMV resulted in a greater up-regulation of differentially expressed genes,which were mainly enriched in biological processes related to translation,peptide biosynthesis,and metabolism.Co-variation analysis of the altered maize gene expres-sion and viral accumulation levels in MS1,2,and 4 revealed several patterns,and the co-expression rela-tionships between them were mainly positive.Furthermore,functional studies identified several potential anti-or pro-viral factors that may play crucial roles during the early stage of SCMV systemic infection.These results not only provide new insights into plant gene regulation during viral infection but also offer a foundation for future investigations of host–virus interactions across molecular,cellular,and physiolog-ical scales.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172369,62302456)the Special Support Plan for High Level Talents in Zhejiang Province(2021R52019).
文摘1 Introduction Genomic islands(GIs)promote co-evolution among different species,which are of significant importance for studying microbial functionality and evolution[1].To effectively identify genomic islands,numerous algorithms have been developed.These methods detect candidate genomic islands either by recognizing differences in sequence composition between genomic islands and their host genomes or by analyzing multiple genomes through sequence alignment[2].However,it’s important to note that genomic islands are formed through horizontal gene transfer and typically contain functional genes,such as those related to pathogenicity,metabolic regulation,and antibiotic resistance,as well as mobile elements like insertion sequences(IS),integrative and conjugative elements(ICE),mobile genetic elements(MGE),and bacteriophages(phage).In turn,utilizing these mobile elements can aid in the identification of genomic islands.
