In response to the challenges of sand production and high water cut during the exploitation of oil reservoirs in unconsolidated sandstones,a novel sand-water dual-control functional polymer,PDSM,was synthesized using ...In response to the challenges of sand production and high water cut during the exploitation of oil reservoirs in unconsolidated sandstones,a novel sand-water dual-control functional polymer,PDSM,was synthesized using acrylamide(AM),methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC),and styrene monomer(SM)as raw materials.The chemical structure and thermal stability of PDSM were verified by1H-NMR,FT-IR,and TGA analyses.To evaluate its performance,functional polymers PDM and PSM,containing only DMC or SM,respectively,were used as control groups.The study systematically investigated the static adsorption,sand production,sand leakage time,standard water-oil resistance ratio,and water cut reduction performance of PDSM.The results demonstrated that,due to the synergistic effect of functional monomers DMC and SM,PDSM exhibited superior dual-control over sand and water compared to PDM and PSM.PDSM enhanced wettability properties reduce the contact angle of the water phase on oil-wet rock surfaces to 64.0°,facilitating better adsorption of polymer molecules on the rock surface and achieving a static adsorption capacity of 14.6 mg/g.PDSM effectively bridges/bundles sand grains through SM and DMC,increasing resistance to fluid erosion.At a flow rate of 100 mL/min,sand production was only 0.026 g/L,surpassing the"Q/SH 10202377-2020"standard for sand inhibitors,which defines"excellent"performance as having a sand production rate of≤0.05 g/L.PDSM forms an adsorption layer(polymer concentrated layer)on the rock surface,expanding when in contact with water and shrinking when in contact with oil,thereby significantly reducing the permeability of the water layer without affecting the permeability of the oil layer.The standard water-oil resistance ratio was measured at 5.41,and the watercut of produced fluid was reduced by 18.6%.These findings provide new theoretical insights and technical guidance for developing dual-function sand-water control agents.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery as a high-energy density electrochemical energy storage system has attracted many researchers’attention.However,the shuttle effect of Li–S batteries and the challenges associated with l...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery as a high-energy density electrochemical energy storage system has attracted many researchers’attention.However,the shuttle effect of Li–S batteries and the challenges associated with lithium metal anode caused poor cycle performance.In this work,the organosulfide poly(sulfur-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)(PSD)was prepared as cathode material and additive of P(VDFHFP)polymer electrolyte(P(VDF-HFP)).It was verified that P(VDF-HFP)polymer electrolyte with 10%PSD(P(VDF-HFP)-10%PSD)showed a higher ionic conductivities than that of liquid electrolyte up to2.27×10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature.The quasi-solid-state Li-S batteries fabricated with organosulfide cathode material PSD and P(VDF-HFP)based functional polymer electrolyte delivered good cycling stability(780 m Ah g-1 after 200 th cycle at 0.1 C)and rate performance(613 m Ah g-1 at 1 C).The good cycling performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of components,including the interaction between polysulfides and polymer main chain in the organosulfide cathode,the sustained organic/inorganic hybrid stable SEI layer formed by polymer electrolyte additive PSD,the improved cathode/electrolyte interface and the good affinity between P(VDF-HFP)based functional polymer electrolyte and Li metal surface.This strategy herein may provide a new route to fabricate high-performance Li–S batteries through the organosulfide cathode and functional polymer electrolyte.展开更多
Functional polymer composites(FPCs)have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities.These functionalities are largely determined by funct...Functional polymer composites(FPCs)have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities.These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix.In recent years,a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported,where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported.Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices,review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing,and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed.Herein,a"Toolbox"for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs.From this perspective,the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed,so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given.This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs.展开更多
Recently we have studied the rare earth ion-selective electrodes with active materials of the func-tional polymers and found that the process chosen for the functional polymers had an effect on the propertiesof gadoli...Recently we have studied the rare earth ion-selective electrodes with active materials of the func-tional polymers and found that the process chosen for the functional polymers had an effect on the propertiesof gadolinium ion selective electrode besides the effects of their structures.1.Effect of preparation process of the grafted polymers on the properties ofgadolinium ion selective electrodesThe electrode membranes which consist of functional polymers as active materials were prepared by re-action of gadolinium chloride with the radiation grafted clmer of acrlic acid and polystyrene of which展开更多
In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- ti...In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.展开更多
This special topic of Science China Technological Sciences is dedicated to presenting a collection of work that highlights the significant progress made by Chinese scholars at the interdisciplinary frontier of biomedi...This special topic of Science China Technological Sciences is dedicated to presenting a collection of work that highlights the significant progress made by Chinese scholars at the interdisciplinary frontier of biomedical polymer materials,life sciences,medicine,and cutting-edge technology.Comprising nine contributions,including reviews,articles,and a perspective,this topic aims to showcase the innovative design and broad application of functional polymers in addressing key biomedical challenges from multiple dimensions.展开更多
Being a versatile platform for the production of functional polymers,vinyl-containing polymers are difficult to synthesize through traditional living polymerization techniques,which typically require strict control ov...Being a versatile platform for the production of functional polymers,vinyl-containing polymers are difficult to synthesize through traditional living polymerization techniques,which typically require strict control over reaction conditions to prevent crosslinking.Herein,we employed living/controlled Lewis pair polymerization(LPP)to transform allyl methacrylate into soluble poly(allyl methacrylate)with high molecular weights(up to Mn=1143 kg/mol)and narrow molecular weight distributions(Đ=1.07−1.32),leaving vinyl pendants intact in every repeat unit.Well-defined block or random copolymers can be synthesized through the regulation of the position and density of the pendent vinyl sites on polymer chains.In combination with thiol−ene click reactions,different types of functional groups could be introduced to the polymeric framework,furnishing various functionalized polymers with different topologies,including photo-responsive,self-healing,or amphiphilic linear polymers,graft plastics,and cross-linked elastomers with enhanced strength and toughness.This strategy enables the preparation of vinyl-containing polymers with adjustable architectures,exhibiting promising application potentials in the synthesis of functional materials.展开更多
Oxygen is essential for sustaining life,maintaining physiological homeostasis,and supporting a wide range of therapeutic applications.Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers(HBOCs)have long been explored as potential substit...Oxygen is essential for sustaining life,maintaining physiological homeostasis,and supporting a wide range of therapeutic applications.Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers(HBOCs)have long been explored as potential substitutes for red blood cells(RBCs)due to their inherent oxygen transport capability.However,their clinical translation has been constrained by issues such as vasoactivity,oxidative stress-induced toxicity,and short circulation half-life.Recent advances in functional polymer science have provided new opportunities to overcome these barriers,with strategies including hemoglobin-polymer conjugation and encapsulation enabling the development of HBOCs with improved safety and efficacy.This review summarizes recent progress in the use of functional polymers for HBOC development,outlines key methods for performance evaluation,and discusses their current status and future prospects in diverse biomedical contexts,including blood substitution,ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic stroke therapy,tissue engineering,and cancer treatment.展开更多
Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as convent...Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as conventional methods often degrade material quality or generate environmentally hazardous byproducts.In this study,we demonstrate an efficient process to convert PVC into new polymers with variable aromatic groups,using triethylsilane as the reductant in different solvents.This approach enables the production of polymers analogous to functionalized polyethylene(PE),which are typically challenging to obtain through conventional copolymerization or direct post-modification of C-H bonds in PE.The resulting polymers exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties depending on the introduced aromatic groups,which not only enhance the sustainable valorization of PVC waste,but also provide an opportunity for the synthesis of new functionalized polymers.展开更多
Scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers with great processing flexibility are the predominant scaffolding materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymers with well-defined structure and...Scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers with great processing flexibility are the predominant scaffolding materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymers with well-defined structure and without immunological concerns associated with naturally derived polymers are widely used in tissue engineering. The synthetic biodegradable polymers that are widely used in tissue engineering, including polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyurethane, and poly(glycerol sebacate) are summarized in this article. New developments in conducting polymers, photoresponsive polymers, amino-acid-based polymers, enzymatically degradable polymers, and peptide-activated polymers are also discussed. In addition to chemical functionalization, the scaffold designs that mimic the nano and micro features of the extracellular matrix(ECM) are presented as well, and composite and nanocomposite scaffolds are also reviewed.展开更多
Because of rapid progress in the electronics industry,the market has faced a huge demand for novel materials in the field of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.Conductive functional polymer composites have dem...Because of rapid progress in the electronics industry,the market has faced a huge demand for novel materials in the field of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.Conductive functional polymer composites have demonstrated great potential to fulfill this requirement.To synthesize the polymeric composites,functional conductive nanoadditives such as graphene,carbon nanotubes,and MXene are commonly added to polymeric matrices,and the conductive polymer nanocomposites exhibit promising electrical conductivity as well as EMI shielding performance.Additive manufacturing(AM),also referred to as threedimensional(3D)printing,has been increasingly employed to fabricate complicated geometry components in the medical,aerospace,and automotive industries.AM has also been used to fabricate advanced EMI shielding materials for sensors,supercapacitors,energy storage devices,and flexible electronics.This review aims at introducing the different 3D printing methods applied for the fabrication of EMI shielding polymer nanocomposites.The impact of the AM process on the functionality of the samples is also reviewed.Additionally,the influence of the nanofiller type and amount on the microstructure and performance of the fabricated nanocomposites is discussed.Finally,the prospects and recommended works for future study are outlined.展开更多
1 Results In high-performance organic solar cells,the photoactive layer consists of a blend of an electron donor and an electron acceptor constituent,a so-called bulk heterojunction.The requirements to morphology of t...1 Results In high-performance organic solar cells,the photoactive layer consists of a blend of an electron donor and an electron acceptor constituent,a so-called bulk heterojunction.The requirements to morphology of the efficient photoactive layer are nanoscale phase separation,which provides large interface area for exciton dissociation,and at the same time continuous pathways for transport of free charge carriers to the appropriate electrodes.In this context,the research is now focused on a better und...展开更多
Intracellular polymerization is an emerging field,showcasing high diversity and efficiency of chemistry.Motivated by the principles of natural biomolecular synthesis,polymerization within living cells is believed to b...Intracellular polymerization is an emerging field,showcasing high diversity and efficiency of chemistry.Motivated by the principles of natural biomolecular synthesis,polymerization within living cells is believed to be a powerful and versatile tool to modulate cell behavior.In this review,we summarized recent advances and future trends in the field of intracellular polymerization,specifically focusing on covalent and supramolecular polymerization.This discussion comprehensively covers the diverse chemical designs,reaction mechanisms,responsive features,and functional applications.Furthermore,we also clarified the connection between preliminary design of polymer synthesis and their subsequent biological applications.We hope this review will serve as an innovative platform for chemists and biologists to regulate biological functions in practical applications and clinical trials.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.F...Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.Functional 3D printed products represent an important orientation for next-generationmanufacturing and attract a great spotlight for the application in sensors,actuators,robots,electronics,and medical devices.However,the lack of functions of printing polymeric materials dramatically limits the development of functional 3D printing.Different from traditional processing,the physical properties,such as geometry and rheological behavior,of the polymericmaterialsmust match the printing process,making the selection of printable materials limited.More importantly,challenges in large-scale production of such materials further stifle the development of functional 3D printing industry.In this review,we aim to outline recent advances in polymeric materials and methodologies for the functional 3D printing technology.The reports are classified based on functionalities,including electronic conductive,thermally conductive,electromagnetic interference shielding,energy storage,and energy harvesting materials.This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities for 3D printing functional polymeric materials/devices,also seeks to enlighten the orientation of future research in this field.展开更多
The use of living, alkyllithium-initiated anionic polymerization to prepare chain-end functionalized polymers and heteroarm, star-branched polymers is discussed. The scope and limitations of specific termination react...The use of living, alkyllithium-initiated anionic polymerization to prepare chain-end functionalized polymers and heteroarm, star-branched polymers is discussed. The scope and limitations of specific termination reactions with a variety of electrophilic species are illustrated for carbonation, hydroxyethylation, amination, and sulfonation. The methodology of using substituted 1,1-diphenylethylenes to provide a general, quantitative functionalization procedure is outlined and illustrated with examples of amine and phenol end-functionalization. A methodology is described for the synthesis of functionalized, star-branched copolymers with compositionally heterogeneous arms of controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution using 1, 3-bis(1-pbenylethenyl) benzene.展开更多
Magnetically responsive hierarchical magnetite/silica/poly（ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine） （Fe3O4/SiO2/P（EGDMA-co-VPy）） tri-layer microspheres were used as stabilizers for gold metallic nanoeol...Magnetically responsive hierarchical magnetite/silica/poly（ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine） （Fe3O4/SiO2/P（EGDMA-co-VPy）） tri-layer microspheres were used as stabilizers for gold metallic nanoeolloids as a facilely recoverable catalyst with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol as a model reaction. The magnetic microsphere stabilized gold metallic nanocolloids were prepared by in situ reduction of gold chloride trihydrate with borohydride as reductant via the stabilization effect of the pyridyl groups to gold nanoparticles on the surface of the outer shell-layer of the inorganic/polymer tri-layer microspheres.展开更多
Acrylamide polymerization initiated with a redox initiation system consisting of eerie ion and ethyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl acetate (EDCA) has been studied. It was found that the polymerization rate equation is in ...Acrylamide polymerization initiated with a redox initiation system consisting of eerie ion and ethyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl acetate (EDCA) has been studied. It was found that the polymerization rate equation is in good agreement with that of a redox initiated polymerization, and the overall activation energy of the polymerization was determined to be 25.2 kJ.mol(-1). Accordingly, the system belongs to a redox initiator. The initiation mechanism was proposed based on the end group analysis using FT-IR, UV spectroscopies. Analysis results revealed that the N, N-diethyldithiocarbamyl radical produced from the redox reaction of EDCA with eerie ion can initiate acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization and form the end group on PAN. The resulting PAN was photopolymerized with butyl acrylate (BE) to form PAN-b-PBA block copolymer.展开更多
Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast an...Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast and recyclable way remains a big challenge.Here,inspired by the battery electrodes,we propose a scalable mechanic-assisted heavy coating strategy based on the design of sticky jammed fluid(SJF)to conquer the above challenge.Similar to the electrode slurry,the SJF is dominated by a high concentration of active material(≥20 wt%of active carbon,for instance)uniformly dispersed in a protein binder solution.Due to the sticky and solidrich nature of the SJF,one can realize a high coating efficiency of 60 wt%gain per coating.The critical factors controlling the coating processing and quality are further identified and discussed.Furthermore,the functionalized foam is demonstrated as a high-performance shape-customizable toxic gas remover,which can absorb formaldehyde very efficiently at different circumstances,including static adsorption,flow-based filtration,and source interception.Finally,the foam skeleton and the active materials are easily recycled by a facile solvent treatment.This study may inspire new scalable way for fast,heavy,and customizable functionalization of polymeric foams.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been at its worst and the world is fighting to help global public health. In this aspect the role played by polymers and polymeric materials including plastics as t...The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been at its worst and the world is fighting to help global public health. In this aspect the role played by polymers and polymeric materials including plastics as the main material in medical devices, personal protective equipment for health care workers is huge. Advantages like mass production, lower cost and possibilities for sterilization and disinfection of the plastic materials make them an inevitable material in healthcare sector. Apart from plastics, anti-viral and anti-microbial coatings, polymeric nanocomposites and functional polymers have been introduced as a helping tool against COVID-19. This review focuses on the application of polymers, and polymeric materials in COVID-19 pandemic. Usage of plastics and its applications in healthcare and related sectors have been reviewed. The major challenges faced and future prospects on the usage of polymers have also been discussed.展开更多
In order to investigate the association of fibrin monomer polymerization function (FMPF) with traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in old people. 1∶1 paired case-control compa...In order to investigate the association of fibrin monomer polymerization function (FMPF) with traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in old people. 1∶1 paired case-control comparative study was performed for FMPF and traditional cerebrovascular risk factors on 110 cases of old ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 110 controls matched on age, sex and living condition. The results showed that cerebrovascular risk factors were more prevalent in case group than in control group. In the case group, FMPF was significantly higher than in control group. There was a significant positive correlation between hypertension and fibrin monomer polymerization velocity (FMPV), hypertension and fibrinogen (Fbg), alcohol consumption and Fbg, but no significant correlation between diabetic mellitus, smoking and FMPF was found. Among the parameters of blood lipids, there were significant positive correlations between total cholesterol (TC) and parameters of FMPF to varying degrees, triglycerides (TG) and FMPV, TG and Fbg. Our results also showed there were significant linear trends between TC and FMPV (P<0. 001), TC and Fbg (P=0. 0087), TG and FMPV/Amax (maximum absorbance)(P=0. 0143) respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that FMPF in case group remained significantly higher than control group after adjustment of all risk factors that were significant in univariate analysis. It was concluded that there is a possible pathophysiological link between FMPF and cerebrovascular risk factors. An elevated FMPF is associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and an independent risk factor of this disease. In old people, detection of FMPF might be a useful screening to identify individuals at increased cerebrothrombotic risk.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)(Grant No.52474071)the financial support from the China Scholarship Council(TM.Lei,No.202406450004)。
文摘In response to the challenges of sand production and high water cut during the exploitation of oil reservoirs in unconsolidated sandstones,a novel sand-water dual-control functional polymer,PDSM,was synthesized using acrylamide(AM),methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(DMC),and styrene monomer(SM)as raw materials.The chemical structure and thermal stability of PDSM were verified by1H-NMR,FT-IR,and TGA analyses.To evaluate its performance,functional polymers PDM and PSM,containing only DMC or SM,respectively,were used as control groups.The study systematically investigated the static adsorption,sand production,sand leakage time,standard water-oil resistance ratio,and water cut reduction performance of PDSM.The results demonstrated that,due to the synergistic effect of functional monomers DMC and SM,PDSM exhibited superior dual-control over sand and water compared to PDM and PSM.PDSM enhanced wettability properties reduce the contact angle of the water phase on oil-wet rock surfaces to 64.0°,facilitating better adsorption of polymer molecules on the rock surface and achieving a static adsorption capacity of 14.6 mg/g.PDSM effectively bridges/bundles sand grains through SM and DMC,increasing resistance to fluid erosion.At a flow rate of 100 mL/min,sand production was only 0.026 g/L,surpassing the"Q/SH 10202377-2020"standard for sand inhibitors,which defines"excellent"performance as having a sand production rate of≤0.05 g/L.PDSM forms an adsorption layer(polymer concentrated layer)on the rock surface,expanding when in contact with water and shrinking when in contact with oil,thereby significantly reducing the permeability of the water layer without affecting the permeability of the oil layer.The standard water-oil resistance ratio was measured at 5.41,and the watercut of produced fluid was reduced by 18.6%.These findings provide new theoretical insights and technical guidance for developing dual-function sand-water control agents.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51532002 and 51872027)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L172023)National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFA0202500,2017YFE0113500,and 2018YFB0104300)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery as a high-energy density electrochemical energy storage system has attracted many researchers’attention.However,the shuttle effect of Li–S batteries and the challenges associated with lithium metal anode caused poor cycle performance.In this work,the organosulfide poly(sulfur-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)(PSD)was prepared as cathode material and additive of P(VDFHFP)polymer electrolyte(P(VDF-HFP)).It was verified that P(VDF-HFP)polymer electrolyte with 10%PSD(P(VDF-HFP)-10%PSD)showed a higher ionic conductivities than that of liquid electrolyte up to2.27×10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature.The quasi-solid-state Li-S batteries fabricated with organosulfide cathode material PSD and P(VDF-HFP)based functional polymer electrolyte delivered good cycling stability(780 m Ah g-1 after 200 th cycle at 0.1 C)and rate performance(613 m Ah g-1 at 1 C).The good cycling performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of components,including the interaction between polysulfides and polymer main chain in the organosulfide cathode,the sustained organic/inorganic hybrid stable SEI layer formed by polymer electrolyte additive PSD,the improved cathode/electrolyte interface and the good affinity between P(VDF-HFP)based functional polymer electrolyte and Li metal surface.This strategy herein may provide a new route to fabricate high-performance Li–S batteries through the organosulfide cathode and functional polymer electrolyte.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51922071,51773139).
文摘Functional polymer composites(FPCs)have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities.These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix.In recent years,a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported,where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported.Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices,review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing,and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed.Herein,a"Toolbox"for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs.From this perspective,the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed,so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given.This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs.
文摘Recently we have studied the rare earth ion-selective electrodes with active materials of the func-tional polymers and found that the process chosen for the functional polymers had an effect on the propertiesof gadolinium ion selective electrode besides the effects of their structures.1.Effect of preparation process of the grafted polymers on the properties ofgadolinium ion selective electrodesThe electrode membranes which consist of functional polymers as active materials were prepared by re-action of gadolinium chloride with the radiation grafted clmer of acrlic acid and polystyrene of which
文摘In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.
文摘This special topic of Science China Technological Sciences is dedicated to presenting a collection of work that highlights the significant progress made by Chinese scholars at the interdisciplinary frontier of biomedical polymer materials,life sciences,medicine,and cutting-edge technology.Comprising nine contributions,including reviews,articles,and a perspective,this topic aims to showcase the innovative design and broad application of functional polymers in addressing key biomedical challenges from multiple dimensions.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 22225104,92356302,22401106 and 22471092)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant PPCL2023-27).
文摘Being a versatile platform for the production of functional polymers,vinyl-containing polymers are difficult to synthesize through traditional living polymerization techniques,which typically require strict control over reaction conditions to prevent crosslinking.Herein,we employed living/controlled Lewis pair polymerization(LPP)to transform allyl methacrylate into soluble poly(allyl methacrylate)with high molecular weights(up to Mn=1143 kg/mol)and narrow molecular weight distributions(Đ=1.07−1.32),leaving vinyl pendants intact in every repeat unit.Well-defined block or random copolymers can be synthesized through the regulation of the position and density of the pendent vinyl sites on polymer chains.In combination with thiol−ene click reactions,different types of functional groups could be introduced to the polymeric framework,furnishing various functionalized polymers with different topologies,including photo-responsive,self-healing,or amphiphilic linear polymers,graft plastics,and cross-linked elastomers with enhanced strength and toughness.This strategy enables the preparation of vinyl-containing polymers with adjustable architectures,exhibiting promising application potentials in the synthesis of functional materials.
基金financially supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Cultivation Projects of Jiangsu Province,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32301189)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20220824,BK20222002)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2025ZB578)。
文摘Oxygen is essential for sustaining life,maintaining physiological homeostasis,and supporting a wide range of therapeutic applications.Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers(HBOCs)have long been explored as potential substitutes for red blood cells(RBCs)due to their inherent oxygen transport capability.However,their clinical translation has been constrained by issues such as vasoactivity,oxidative stress-induced toxicity,and short circulation half-life.Recent advances in functional polymer science have provided new opportunities to overcome these barriers,with strategies including hemoglobin-polymer conjugation and encapsulation enabling the development of HBOCs with improved safety and efficacy.This review summarizes recent progress in the use of functional polymers for HBOC development,outlines key methods for performance evaluation,and discusses their current status and future prospects in diverse biomedical contexts,including blood substitution,ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic stroke therapy,tissue engineering,and cancer treatment.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z240029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472004)+2 种基金China National Petroleum Corporation-Peking University Strategic Cooperation Project of Fundamental Researchthe New Cornerstone Science Foundationsupport from the Tencent Foundation through the Xplorer Prize.
文摘Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as conventional methods often degrade material quality or generate environmentally hazardous byproducts.In this study,we demonstrate an efficient process to convert PVC into new polymers with variable aromatic groups,using triethylsilane as the reductant in different solvents.This approach enables the production of polymers analogous to functionalized polyethylene(PE),which are typically challenging to obtain through conventional copolymerization or direct post-modification of C-H bonds in PE.The resulting polymers exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties depending on the introduced aromatic groups,which not only enhance the sustainable valorization of PVC waste,but also provide an opportunity for the synthesis of new functionalized polymers.
基金the financial support of the US National Institutes of Health(NIDCR DE015384,DE017689,DE022327)DOD(W81XWH-12-2-0008)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of the United States(DMR-1206575)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21304073)
文摘Scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers with great processing flexibility are the predominant scaffolding materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymers with well-defined structure and without immunological concerns associated with naturally derived polymers are widely used in tissue engineering. The synthetic biodegradable polymers that are widely used in tissue engineering, including polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyurethane, and poly(glycerol sebacate) are summarized in this article. New developments in conducting polymers, photoresponsive polymers, amino-acid-based polymers, enzymatically degradable polymers, and peptide-activated polymers are also discussed. In addition to chemical functionalization, the scaffold designs that mimic the nano and micro features of the extracellular matrix(ECM) are presented as well, and composite and nanocomposite scaffolds are also reviewed.
文摘Because of rapid progress in the electronics industry,the market has faced a huge demand for novel materials in the field of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.Conductive functional polymer composites have demonstrated great potential to fulfill this requirement.To synthesize the polymeric composites,functional conductive nanoadditives such as graphene,carbon nanotubes,and MXene are commonly added to polymeric matrices,and the conductive polymer nanocomposites exhibit promising electrical conductivity as well as EMI shielding performance.Additive manufacturing(AM),also referred to as threedimensional(3D)printing,has been increasingly employed to fabricate complicated geometry components in the medical,aerospace,and automotive industries.AM has also been used to fabricate advanced EMI shielding materials for sensors,supercapacitors,energy storage devices,and flexible electronics.This review aims at introducing the different 3D printing methods applied for the fabrication of EMI shielding polymer nanocomposites.The impact of the AM process on the functionality of the samples is also reviewed.Additionally,the influence of the nanofiller type and amount on the microstructure and performance of the fabricated nanocomposites is discussed.Finally,the prospects and recommended works for future study are outlined.
文摘1 Results In high-performance organic solar cells,the photoactive layer consists of a blend of an electron donor and an electron acceptor constituent,a so-called bulk heterojunction.The requirements to morphology of the efficient photoactive layer are nanoscale phase separation,which provides large interface area for exciton dissociation,and at the same time continuous pathways for transport of free charge carriers to the appropriate electrodes.In this context,the research is now focused on a better und...
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA0915300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233012,22405212 and22471219)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21821001)。
文摘Intracellular polymerization is an emerging field,showcasing high diversity and efficiency of chemistry.Motivated by the principles of natural biomolecular synthesis,polymerization within living cells is believed to be a powerful and versatile tool to modulate cell behavior.In this review,we summarized recent advances and future trends in the field of intracellular polymerization,specifically focusing on covalent and supramolecular polymerization.This discussion comprehensively covers the diverse chemical designs,reaction mechanisms,responsive features,and functional applications.Furthermore,we also clarified the connection between preliminary design of polymer synthesis and their subsequent biological applications.We hope this review will serve as an innovative platform for chemists and biologists to regulate biological functions in practical applications and clinical trials.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.Functional 3D printed products represent an important orientation for next-generationmanufacturing and attract a great spotlight for the application in sensors,actuators,robots,electronics,and medical devices.However,the lack of functions of printing polymeric materials dramatically limits the development of functional 3D printing.Different from traditional processing,the physical properties,such as geometry and rheological behavior,of the polymericmaterialsmust match the printing process,making the selection of printable materials limited.More importantly,challenges in large-scale production of such materials further stifle the development of functional 3D printing industry.In this review,we aim to outline recent advances in polymeric materials and methodologies for the functional 3D printing technology.The reports are classified based on functionalities,including electronic conductive,thermally conductive,electromagnetic interference shielding,energy storage,and energy harvesting materials.This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities for 3D printing functional polymeric materials/devices,also seeks to enlighten the orientation of future research in this field.
文摘The use of living, alkyllithium-initiated anionic polymerization to prepare chain-end functionalized polymers and heteroarm, star-branched polymers is discussed. The scope and limitations of specific termination reactions with a variety of electrophilic species are illustrated for carbonation, hydroxyethylation, amination, and sulfonation. The methodology of using substituted 1,1-diphenylethylenes to provide a general, quantitative functionalization procedure is outlined and illustrated with examples of amine and phenol end-functionalization. A methodology is described for the synthesis of functionalized, star-branched copolymers with compositionally heterogeneous arms of controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution using 1, 3-bis(1-pbenylethenyl) benzene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20874049)
文摘Magnetically responsive hierarchical magnetite/silica/poly（ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine） （Fe3O4/SiO2/P（EGDMA-co-VPy）） tri-layer microspheres were used as stabilizers for gold metallic nanoeolloids as a facilely recoverable catalyst with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol as a model reaction. The magnetic microsphere stabilized gold metallic nanocolloids were prepared by in situ reduction of gold chloride trihydrate with borohydride as reductant via the stabilization effect of the pyridyl groups to gold nanoparticles on the surface of the outer shell-layer of the inorganic/polymer tri-layer microspheres.
基金The Project 29234093 was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Acrylamide polymerization initiated with a redox initiation system consisting of eerie ion and ethyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl acetate (EDCA) has been studied. It was found that the polymerization rate equation is in good agreement with that of a redox initiated polymerization, and the overall activation energy of the polymerization was determined to be 25.2 kJ.mol(-1). Accordingly, the system belongs to a redox initiator. The initiation mechanism was proposed based on the end group analysis using FT-IR, UV spectroscopies. Analysis results revealed that the N, N-diethyldithiocarbamyl radical produced from the redox reaction of EDCA with eerie ion can initiate acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization and form the end group on PAN. The resulting PAN was photopolymerized with butyl acrylate (BE) to form PAN-b-PBA block copolymer.
基金sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC grants 51873126,51422305,and 51721091).
文摘Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast and recyclable way remains a big challenge.Here,inspired by the battery electrodes,we propose a scalable mechanic-assisted heavy coating strategy based on the design of sticky jammed fluid(SJF)to conquer the above challenge.Similar to the electrode slurry,the SJF is dominated by a high concentration of active material(≥20 wt%of active carbon,for instance)uniformly dispersed in a protein binder solution.Due to the sticky and solidrich nature of the SJF,one can realize a high coating efficiency of 60 wt%gain per coating.The critical factors controlling the coating processing and quality are further identified and discussed.Furthermore,the functionalized foam is demonstrated as a high-performance shape-customizable toxic gas remover,which can absorb formaldehyde very efficiently at different circumstances,including static adsorption,flow-based filtration,and source interception.Finally,the foam skeleton and the active materials are easily recycled by a facile solvent treatment.This study may inspire new scalable way for fast,heavy,and customizable functionalization of polymeric foams.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been at its worst and the world is fighting to help global public health. In this aspect the role played by polymers and polymeric materials including plastics as the main material in medical devices, personal protective equipment for health care workers is huge. Advantages like mass production, lower cost and possibilities for sterilization and disinfection of the plastic materials make them an inevitable material in healthcare sector. Apart from plastics, anti-viral and anti-microbial coatings, polymeric nanocomposites and functional polymers have been introduced as a helping tool against COVID-19. This review focuses on the application of polymers, and polymeric materials in COVID-19 pandemic. Usage of plastics and its applications in healthcare and related sectors have been reviewed. The major challenges faced and future prospects on the usage of polymers have also been discussed.
文摘In order to investigate the association of fibrin monomer polymerization function (FMPF) with traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in old people. 1∶1 paired case-control comparative study was performed for FMPF and traditional cerebrovascular risk factors on 110 cases of old ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 110 controls matched on age, sex and living condition. The results showed that cerebrovascular risk factors were more prevalent in case group than in control group. In the case group, FMPF was significantly higher than in control group. There was a significant positive correlation between hypertension and fibrin monomer polymerization velocity (FMPV), hypertension and fibrinogen (Fbg), alcohol consumption and Fbg, but no significant correlation between diabetic mellitus, smoking and FMPF was found. Among the parameters of blood lipids, there were significant positive correlations between total cholesterol (TC) and parameters of FMPF to varying degrees, triglycerides (TG) and FMPV, TG and Fbg. Our results also showed there were significant linear trends between TC and FMPV (P<0. 001), TC and Fbg (P=0. 0087), TG and FMPV/Amax (maximum absorbance)(P=0. 0143) respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that FMPF in case group remained significantly higher than control group after adjustment of all risk factors that were significant in univariate analysis. It was concluded that there is a possible pathophysiological link between FMPF and cerebrovascular risk factors. An elevated FMPF is associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and an independent risk factor of this disease. In old people, detection of FMPF might be a useful screening to identify individuals at increased cerebrothrombotic risk.
