For language users,meaning is the central fact about language,and meaning emerges from a seamless union of wording and context.Functional Grammar attempts to face that uncomfortable fact head-on and to establish a uni...For language users,meaning is the central fact about language,and meaning emerges from a seamless union of wording and context.Functional Grammar attempts to face that uncomfortable fact head-on and to establish a unified model of language which in principle allows the links to be made within the same description.展开更多
Dam construction and other anthropogenic disturbances are recognized to degrade lake habitat heterogeneity and consequently diminish fish biodiversity.To elucidate the changes in fish assemblages resulting from their ...Dam construction and other anthropogenic disturbances are recognized to degrade lake habitat heterogeneity and consequently diminish fish biodiversity.To elucidate the changes in fish assemblages resulting from their synergistic interactions,we analyzed how fish community assembly was affected by habitat diversity(reservoir size)and anthropic disturbances(eutrophication and urbanization)in 47 subtropical reservoirs through both functional and phylogenetic dimensions.We found a functional and phylogenetic clustering gradient linked to reservoir area and anthropization,indicating a strong functional redundancy of the fish assemblages.Such a pattern is modulated by eutrophication that selects fish species able to survive under high nutrient and low oxygen environments,thus triggering the functional clustering of fish assemblages,but increasing functional insurance.Surprisingly,phylogenetic clustering was less sensitive than functional clustering to eutrophication and urbanization,due to the introduction of non-native species belonging to exotic lineages.In addition,urbanization also strongly affected fish community assembly by introducing non-native species with original trait combinations,thus reducing the functional and phylogenetic clustering of fish assemblages in most urban areas.Overall,this study demonstrates that fish assemblages are better insured against disturbances in large reservoirs than in smaller ones,but that the functional and phylogenetic structure of fish communities are largely influenced by non-native species.展开更多
文摘For language users,meaning is the central fact about language,and meaning emerges from a seamless union of wording and context.Functional Grammar attempts to face that uncomfortable fact head-on and to establish a unified model of language which in principle allows the links to be made within the same description.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2400900)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45).
文摘Dam construction and other anthropogenic disturbances are recognized to degrade lake habitat heterogeneity and consequently diminish fish biodiversity.To elucidate the changes in fish assemblages resulting from their synergistic interactions,we analyzed how fish community assembly was affected by habitat diversity(reservoir size)and anthropic disturbances(eutrophication and urbanization)in 47 subtropical reservoirs through both functional and phylogenetic dimensions.We found a functional and phylogenetic clustering gradient linked to reservoir area and anthropization,indicating a strong functional redundancy of the fish assemblages.Such a pattern is modulated by eutrophication that selects fish species able to survive under high nutrient and low oxygen environments,thus triggering the functional clustering of fish assemblages,but increasing functional insurance.Surprisingly,phylogenetic clustering was less sensitive than functional clustering to eutrophication and urbanization,due to the introduction of non-native species belonging to exotic lineages.In addition,urbanization also strongly affected fish community assembly by introducing non-native species with original trait combinations,thus reducing the functional and phylogenetic clustering of fish assemblages in most urban areas.Overall,this study demonstrates that fish assemblages are better insured against disturbances in large reservoirs than in smaller ones,but that the functional and phylogenetic structure of fish communities are largely influenced by non-native species.
