Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-li...Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-lithiation additives is a challenging research hotspot.Herein,interfacial engineered multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/LiF micro/nanoparticles are proposed as anode pre-lithiation additives,successfully constructed with the hybrid interface on the surface of Li_(13)Si_(4)through PFPE-induced nucleophilic substitution.The synthesized multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF realizes the integration of active Li compensation,long-term chemical structural stability in air,and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)optimization.In particular,the Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF with a high pre-lithiation capacity(1102.4 mAh g^(-1))is employed in the pre-lithiation Si-based anode,which exhibits a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 102.6%.Additionally,in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman,density functional theory calculation,and finite element analysis jointly illustrate that PFPE-predominant hybrid interface with modulated abundant highly electronegative F atoms distribution reduces the water adsorption energy and oxidation kinetics of Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,which delivers a high pre-lithiation capacity retention of 84.39%after exposure to extremely moist air(60%relative humidity).Intriguingly,a LiF-rich mechanically stable bilayer SEI is constructed on anodes through a pre-lithiation-driven regulation for the behavior of electrolyte decomposition.Benefitting from pre-lithiation via multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,the full cell and pouch cell assembled with pre-lithiated anodes operate with long-time stability of 86.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles and superior energy density of 549.9 Wh kg^(-1),respectively.The universal multifunctional pre-lithiation additives provide enlightenment on promoting large-scale applications of pre-lithiation on commercial high-energy-density and long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
A core shell structured C@MoxTi1-xO2-δnanocrystal with a functionalized interface(C@MTNC-FI)was fabricated via the hydrothermal method with subsequent annealing derived from tetrabutyl orthotitanate.The formation of ...A core shell structured C@MoxTi1-xO2-δnanocrystal with a functionalized interface(C@MTNC-FI)was fabricated via the hydrothermal method with subsequent annealing derived from tetrabutyl orthotitanate.The formation of anatase TiO2 was inhibited by the simultaneous presence of the hydrothermal etching/regrowth process,infiltration of Mo dopants and carbon coating,which endows the C@MTNC-FI with an ultrafine crystalline architecture that has a Mo-functionalized interface and carbon-coated shell.Pt Ru nanoparticles(NPs)were supported on C@MTNC-FI by employing a microwave-assisted polyol process(MAPP).The obtained Pt Ru/C@MTNC-FI catalyst has 2.68 times higher mass activity towards methanol electrooxidation than that of the un-functionalized catalyst(Pt Ru/C@TNC)and 1.65 times higher mass activity than that of Pt Ru/C catalyst with over 25%increase in durability.The improved catalytic performance is due to several aspects including ultrafine crystals of TiO2 with abundant grain boundaries,Mofunctionalized interface with enhanced electron interactions,and core shell architecture with excellent electrical transport properties.This work suggests the potential application of an interface-functionalized crystalline material as a sustainable and clean energy solution.展开更多
The interfacial defects and energy barrier are main reasons for interfacial nonradiative recombination.In addition,poor perovskite crystallization and incomplete conversion of PbI_(2) to perovskite restrict further en...The interfacial defects and energy barrier are main reasons for interfacial nonradiative recombination.In addition,poor perovskite crystallization and incomplete conversion of PbI_(2) to perovskite restrict further enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of the devices using sequential deposition.Herein,a buried interface stabilization strategy that relies on the synergy of fluorine(F)and sulfonyl(S=O)functional groups is proposed.A series of potassium salts containing halide and non-halogen anions are employed to modify SnO_(2)/perovskite buried interface.Multiple chemical bonds including hydrogen bond,coordination bond and ionic bond are realized,which strengthens interfacial contact and defect passivation effect.The chemical interaction between modification molecules and perovskite along with SnO_(2) heightens incessantly as the number of S=O and F augments.The chemical interaction strength between modifiers and perovskite as well as SnO_(2) gradually increases with the increase in the number of S=O and F.The defect passivation effect is positively correlated with the chemical interaction strength.The crystallization kinetics is regulated through the compromise between chemical interaction strength and wettability of substrates.Compared with Cl−,all non-halogen anions perform better in crystallization optimization,energy band regulation and defect passivation.The device with potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide achieves a tempting efficiency of 24.17%.展开更多
In functionally graded materials (FGM), the problem of interface stability caused by the volume deformation is commonly regarded as the key factor for its performance. Based on test results, in terms of finite element...In functionally graded materials (FGM), the problem of interface stability caused by the volume deformation is commonly regarded as the key factor for its performance. Based on test results, in terms of finite element method (FEM) this paper analyzed problems in the shrinkage of functionally graded material interface of shield concrete segment, which was designed and produced by the principle of functionally graded materials. In the analysis model, the total shrinkage of concrete was converted into the thermal shrinkage by means of the method of 'Equivalent Temperature Difference'. Consequently, the shrinkage stress of interface layer was calculated and compared with the bond strength of interface layer. The results indicated that the volume deformation of two-phase materials of functionally graded concrete (FGC) segment, which were the concrete cover and the concrete structure layer, showed better compatibility and the tension stress of interface layer, which was resulted from the shrinkage of concrete and calculated by ANSYS, was less than the bond strength of interface layer. Therefore, the interface stability of functionally graded concrete segment was good and the sliding deformation of interface layer would not generate.展开更多
The dynamic interaction of two collinear interface cracks between two dissimilar functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material strips subjected to the anti-plane shear harmonic stress waves was investigated...The dynamic interaction of two collinear interface cracks between two dissimilar functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material strips subjected to the anti-plane shear harmonic stress waves was investigated. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of triple integral equations in which the unknown variable is jump of displacement across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved using the Schmidt method. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the functionally graded parameter, the circular frequency of the incident waves and the thickness of the strip upon stress, electric displacement and magnetic flux intensity factors of cracks.展开更多
Multidimensional sensing is a highly desired attribute for allowing human-machine interfaces(HMIs)to perceive various types of information from both users and the environment,thus enabling the advancement of various s...Multidimensional sensing is a highly desired attribute for allowing human-machine interfaces(HMIs)to perceive various types of information from both users and the environment,thus enabling the advancement of various smart electronics/applications,e.g.,smartphones and smart cities.Conventional multidimensional sensing is achieved through the integration of multiple discrete sensors,which introduces issues such as high energy consumption and high circuit complexity.These disadvantages have motivated the widespread use of functional materials for detecting various stimuli at low cost with low power requirements.This work presents an overview of simply structured touch interfaces for multidimensional(x-y location,force and temperature)sensing enabled by piezoelectric,piezoresistive,triboelectric,pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials.For each technology,the mechanism of operation,state-of-the-art designs,merits,and drawbacks are investigated.At the end of the article,the author discusses the challenges limiting the successful applications of functional materials in commercial touch interfaces and corresponding development trends.展开更多
This research paper investigates the interface design and functional optimization of Chinese learning apps through the lens of user experience.With the increasing popularity of Chinese language learning apps in the er...This research paper investigates the interface design and functional optimization of Chinese learning apps through the lens of user experience.With the increasing popularity of Chinese language learning apps in the era of rapid mobile internet development,users'demands for enhanced interface design and interaction experience have grown significantly.The study aims to explore the influence of user feedback on the design and functionality of Chinese learning apps,proposing optimization strategies to improve user experience and learning outcomes.By conducting a comprehensive literature review,utilizing methods such as surveys and user interviews for data collection,and analyzing user feedback,this research identifies existing issues in the interface design and interaction experience of Chinese learning apps.The results present user opinions,feedback analysis,identified problems,improvement directions,and specific optimization strategies.The study discusses the potential impact of these optimization strategies on enhancing user experience and learning outcomes,compares findings with previous research,addresses limitations,and suggests future research directions.In conclusion,this research contributes to enriching the design theory of Chinese learning apps,offering practical optimization recommendations for developers,and supporting the continuous advancement of Chinese language learning apps.展开更多
A radial basis function collocation method based on the nonlocal elastic continuum theory is developed to compute the band structures of nanoscale multilayered phononic crystals. The effects of nonlocal imperfect inte...A radial basis function collocation method based on the nonlocal elastic continuum theory is developed to compute the band structures of nanoscale multilayered phononic crystals. The effects of nonlocal imperfect interfaces on band structures of transverse waves propagating obliquely or vertically in the system are studied. The correctness of the present method is verified by comparing the numerical results with those obtained by applying the transfer matrix method in the case of nonlocal perfect interface. Furthermore, the influences of the nanoscale size, the impedance ratio and the incident angle on the cut-off frequency and band structures are investigated and discussed in detail. Numerical results show that the nonlocal interface imperfections have significant effects on the band structures in the macroscopic and microscopic scale.展开更多
The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO_(2)capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO_(2)into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of ...The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO_(2)capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO_(2)into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of adsorbent and catalyst.Herein,we engineered a series of RuNa/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)materials,varying the size of ruthenium from single atoms to clusters/nanoparticles.The coordination environment and structure sensitivity of ruthenium were quantitatively investigated at atomic scale.Our findings reveal that the reduced Ru nanoparticles,approximately 7.1 nm in diameter with a Ru-Ru coordination number of 5.9,exhibit high methane formation activity and selectivity at 340°C.The Ru-Na interfacial sites facilitate CO_(2)migration through a deoxygenation pathway,involving carbonate dissociation,carbonyl formation,and hydrogenation.In-situ experiments and theoretical calculations show that stable carbonyl intermediates on metallic Ru nanoparticles facilitate heterolytic C–O scission and C–H bonding,significantly lowering the energy barrier for activating stored CO_(2).展开更多
Bueckner's work conjugate integral customarily adopted for linear elastic materials is established for an interface crack in dissimilar anisotropic materials.The difficulties in separating Stroh's six complex ...Bueckner's work conjugate integral customarily adopted for linear elastic materials is established for an interface crack in dissimilar anisotropic materials.The difficulties in separating Stroh's six complex arguments involved in the integral for the dissimilar materials are overcome and thert the explicit function representations of the integral are given and studied in detail.It is found that the pseudo-orthogonal properties of the eigenfunction expansion form(EEF)for a crack presented previously in isotropic elastic cases,in isotopic bimaterial cases,and in orthotropic cases are also valid in the present dissimilar arbitrary anisotropic cases.The relation between Bueckner's work conjugate integral and the J-integral in these cases is obtained by introducing a complementary stress- displacement state.Finally,some useful path-independent integrals and weight functions are proposed for calculating the crack tip parameters such as the stress intensity factors.展开更多
An explicit full-field expression of the Green's functions for anisotropic piezoeleetric bimateri- als with a slipping interface is derived.When the electro-elastic singularity reduces to a pray dislocation in dis...An explicit full-field expression of the Green's functions for anisotropic piezoeleetric bimateri- als with a slipping interface is derived.When the electro-elastic singularity reduces to a pray dislocation in displacement and electric potential,interaction energy,between the dislocation and the bimaterials is obtained explicitly while the generalized force on the disloeation is given in a real form whieh is also valid for degener- ate materials.The investigation demonstrates that the houndary conditions at lhe slipping interface between two piezoelectric materials will exert a prominent influence on the mobility of the dislocation.展开更多
The development of next-generation electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers requires a shift in interface design.By employing hierarchical work function programming,we propose an approach to tune interfacial polarization dy...The development of next-generation electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers requires a shift in interface design.By employing hierarchical work function programming,we propose an approach to tune interfacial polarization dynamics.This method utilizes multi-gradient work functions to guide carrier migration and polarization effectively,thereby enhancing energy dissipation under alternating electromagnetic fields.Here,we constructed a 1T/2H-MoS_(2)/PPy/VS_(2) composite absorber with integrated gradient interfaces.The composite achieved a powerful absorption(RLmin)of-58.59 dB at 2.3 mm,and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.44 GHz at 2.5 mm,demonstrating improved broadband absorption.Radar cross-section(RCS)simulations show an EMW loss of-7.2 dB m^(2) at 0°,highlighting its potential for stealth and communication applications.This study introduces hierarchical work function programming as a promising strategy in EMW absorber design,contributing to advancements in material performance and functionality.展开更多
A multifunctional polymeric nanofilm of triazinedithiolsilane monosodium salt, which can resist corrosion and activatecopper surface concurrently, was prepared by galvanostatic technique and the following hydrolysis-c...A multifunctional polymeric nanofilm of triazinedithiolsilane monosodium salt, which can resist corrosion and activatecopper surface concurrently, was prepared by galvanostatic technique and the following hydrolysis-condensation approach.Electrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the resistant ability of nanofilm. The changes of functional groups atop thenanofilms were monitored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and contact angles （CA） simultaneously. Thechemical composition and the morphology of the polymeric nanofilm were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, respectively. The results reveal that the preferentially developed disulfide units protect thecopper during the whole preparation process, and the subsequently hydrolyzed nanofilms without/with heating shape into newinterface phases bearing the multifunctionality. This multifunctional interface （the polymeric nanofilm on copper surface） opens upthe possibilities for other OH-containing reagents to be anchored onto copper surface in demanding researches or industrialapplications.展开更多
The Green's function is used to solve the scattering far fieldsolution of SH-wave by a mov- able rigid cylindrical interfaceinclusion in a linear elastic body. First, a suitable Green'sfunction is devel- oped,...The Green's function is used to solve the scattering far fieldsolution of SH-wave by a mov- able rigid cylindrical interfaceinclusion in a linear elastic body. First, a suitable Green'sfunction is devel- oped, which is the fundamental displacementsolution of an elastic half space with a movable rigid half-cylin-drical inclusion impacted by out-of-plane harmonic line source loadedat any point of its horizontal surface.展开更多
This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is consi...This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.展开更多
In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body...In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body-fitted meshes are used.For homogeneous jump conditions,both non-conforming and conforming basis functions are constructed in such a way that they satisfy the natural jump conditions. For non-homogeneous jump conditions,a pair of functions that satisfy the same non-homogeneous jump conditions are constructed using a level-set representation of the interface.With such a pair of functions,the discontinuities across the interface in the solution and flux are removed;and an equivalent elasticity interface problem with homogeneous jump conditions is formulated.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that such methods have second order convergence.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes have been considered as the promising candidates to improve the safety and stability of high-energy lithium metal batteries.However,the practical applications of solid polymer electrolytes a...Solid polymer electrolytes have been considered as the promising candidates to improve the safety and stability of high-energy lithium metal batteries.However,the practical applications of solid polymer electrolytes are still limited by the low ionic conductivity,poor interfacial contact with electrodes,narrow electrochemical window and weak mechanical strength.Here,a series of novel block copolymer electrolytes with three-dimensional networks are designed by cross-linked copolymerization of the polyethylene glycol soft segments and hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer hard segments.Their ionic migration performances and interface compatibilities with Li metal anode have been optimized delicately by tailoring the ratio of these functional units.The optimized block copolymer electrolyte has shown an amorphous crystalline structure,a high ionic conductivity of ~5.7×10^(-4)S cm^(-1),high lithium ion transference number(~0.49),wide electrochemical window up to ~4.65 V(vs.Li+/Li) and favorable mechanical strength at 55℃.Furthermore,the enhanced interface compatibility can well support the normal operations of lithium metal batteries using both LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes.This study not only paves a new way to develop solid polymer electrolyte with optimizing functional units,but also provides a polymer electrolyte design strategy for the application demand of lithium metal battery.展开更多
Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson...Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.展开更多
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金Huaiyu Shao acknowledges the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Plan Project(Category C)(Grant No.SGDX20220530111004028)the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)for funding(FDCT No.0013/2024/RIB1,FDCT-MOST joint project No.0026/2022/AMJ and No.006/2022/ALC of the Macao Centre for Research and Development in Advanced Materials[2022–2024])+2 种基金the Multi-Year Research Grant(MYRG)from University of Macao(project No.MYRG-GRG2023-00140-IAPME-UMDF and No.MYRG-GRG2024-00206-IAPME)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023A1515010765)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2023A0505030001)。
文摘Considering the growing pre-lithiation demand for high-performance Si-based anodes and consequent additional costs caused by the strict pre-lithiation environment,developing effective and environmentally stable pre-lithiation additives is a challenging research hotspot.Herein,interfacial engineered multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@perfluoropolyether(PFPE)/LiF micro/nanoparticles are proposed as anode pre-lithiation additives,successfully constructed with the hybrid interface on the surface of Li_(13)Si_(4)through PFPE-induced nucleophilic substitution.The synthesized multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF realizes the integration of active Li compensation,long-term chemical structural stability in air,and solid electrolyte interface(SEI)optimization.In particular,the Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF with a high pre-lithiation capacity(1102.4 mAh g^(-1))is employed in the pre-lithiation Si-based anode,which exhibits a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 102.6%.Additionally,in situ X-ray diffraction/Raman,density functional theory calculation,and finite element analysis jointly illustrate that PFPE-predominant hybrid interface with modulated abundant highly electronegative F atoms distribution reduces the water adsorption energy and oxidation kinetics of Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,which delivers a high pre-lithiation capacity retention of 84.39%after exposure to extremely moist air(60%relative humidity).Intriguingly,a LiF-rich mechanically stable bilayer SEI is constructed on anodes through a pre-lithiation-driven regulation for the behavior of electrolyte decomposition.Benefitting from pre-lithiation via multifunctional Li_(13)Si_(4)@PFPE/LiF,the full cell and pouch cell assembled with pre-lithiated anodes operate with long-time stability of 86.5%capacity retention over 200 cycles and superior energy density of 549.9 Wh kg^(-1),respectively.The universal multifunctional pre-lithiation additives provide enlightenment on promoting large-scale applications of pre-lithiation on commercial high-energy-density and long-cycle-life lithium-ion batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21273058, 21673064, 51802059 and 21503059)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2018M631938, 2018T110307 and 2017M621284)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund (LBH-Z17074)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. HIT. NSRIF. 2019040 and 2019041)
文摘A core shell structured C@MoxTi1-xO2-δnanocrystal with a functionalized interface(C@MTNC-FI)was fabricated via the hydrothermal method with subsequent annealing derived from tetrabutyl orthotitanate.The formation of anatase TiO2 was inhibited by the simultaneous presence of the hydrothermal etching/regrowth process,infiltration of Mo dopants and carbon coating,which endows the C@MTNC-FI with an ultrafine crystalline architecture that has a Mo-functionalized interface and carbon-coated shell.Pt Ru nanoparticles(NPs)were supported on C@MTNC-FI by employing a microwave-assisted polyol process(MAPP).The obtained Pt Ru/C@MTNC-FI catalyst has 2.68 times higher mass activity towards methanol electrooxidation than that of the un-functionalized catalyst(Pt Ru/C@TNC)and 1.65 times higher mass activity than that of Pt Ru/C catalyst with over 25%increase in durability.The improved catalytic performance is due to several aspects including ultrafine crystals of TiO2 with abundant grain boundaries,Mofunctionalized interface with enhanced electron interactions,and core shell architecture with excellent electrical transport properties.This work suggests the potential application of an interface-functionalized crystalline material as a sustainable and clean energy solution.
基金supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2017110C0654)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974063,61904023,62274018)+1 种基金Chongqing Special Postdoctoral Science Foundation(cstc2019jcyj-bsh0026)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021CDJQY-022).
文摘The interfacial defects and energy barrier are main reasons for interfacial nonradiative recombination.In addition,poor perovskite crystallization and incomplete conversion of PbI_(2) to perovskite restrict further enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of the devices using sequential deposition.Herein,a buried interface stabilization strategy that relies on the synergy of fluorine(F)and sulfonyl(S=O)functional groups is proposed.A series of potassium salts containing halide and non-halogen anions are employed to modify SnO_(2)/perovskite buried interface.Multiple chemical bonds including hydrogen bond,coordination bond and ionic bond are realized,which strengthens interfacial contact and defect passivation effect.The chemical interaction between modification molecules and perovskite along with SnO_(2) heightens incessantly as the number of S=O and F augments.The chemical interaction strength between modifiers and perovskite as well as SnO_(2) gradually increases with the increase in the number of S=O and F.The defect passivation effect is positively correlated with the chemical interaction strength.The crystallization kinetics is regulated through the compromise between chemical interaction strength and wettability of substrates.Compared with Cl−,all non-halogen anions perform better in crystallization optimization,energy band regulation and defect passivation.The device with potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide achieves a tempting efficiency of 24.17%.
文摘In functionally graded materials (FGM), the problem of interface stability caused by the volume deformation is commonly regarded as the key factor for its performance. Based on test results, in terms of finite element method (FEM) this paper analyzed problems in the shrinkage of functionally graded material interface of shield concrete segment, which was designed and produced by the principle of functionally graded materials. In the analysis model, the total shrinkage of concrete was converted into the thermal shrinkage by means of the method of 'Equivalent Temperature Difference'. Consequently, the shrinkage stress of interface layer was calculated and compared with the bond strength of interface layer. The results indicated that the volume deformation of two-phase materials of functionally graded concrete (FGC) segment, which were the concrete cover and the concrete structure layer, showed better compatibility and the tension stress of interface layer, which was resulted from the shrinkage of concrete and calculated by ANSYS, was less than the bond strength of interface layer. Therefore, the interface stability of functionally graded concrete segment was good and the sliding deformation of interface layer would not generate.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10572043,10572155)the Natural Science Foundation with Excellent Young Investigators of Heilongjiang Province(No.JC04-08)
文摘The dynamic interaction of two collinear interface cracks between two dissimilar functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material strips subjected to the anti-plane shear harmonic stress waves was investigated. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of triple integral equations in which the unknown variable is jump of displacement across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved using the Schmidt method. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the functionally graded parameter, the circular frequency of the incident waves and the thickness of the strip upon stress, electric displacement and magnetic flux intensity factors of cracks.
文摘Multidimensional sensing is a highly desired attribute for allowing human-machine interfaces(HMIs)to perceive various types of information from both users and the environment,thus enabling the advancement of various smart electronics/applications,e.g.,smartphones and smart cities.Conventional multidimensional sensing is achieved through the integration of multiple discrete sensors,which introduces issues such as high energy consumption and high circuit complexity.These disadvantages have motivated the widespread use of functional materials for detecting various stimuli at low cost with low power requirements.This work presents an overview of simply structured touch interfaces for multidimensional(x-y location,force and temperature)sensing enabled by piezoelectric,piezoresistive,triboelectric,pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials.For each technology,the mechanism of operation,state-of-the-art designs,merits,and drawbacks are investigated.At the end of the article,the author discusses the challenges limiting the successful applications of functional materials in commercial touch interfaces and corresponding development trends.
文摘This research paper investigates the interface design and functional optimization of Chinese learning apps through the lens of user experience.With the increasing popularity of Chinese language learning apps in the era of rapid mobile internet development,users'demands for enhanced interface design and interaction experience have grown significantly.The study aims to explore the influence of user feedback on the design and functionality of Chinese learning apps,proposing optimization strategies to improve user experience and learning outcomes.By conducting a comprehensive literature review,utilizing methods such as surveys and user interviews for data collection,and analyzing user feedback,this research identifies existing issues in the interface design and interaction experience of Chinese learning apps.The results present user opinions,feedback analysis,identified problems,improvement directions,and specific optimization strategies.The study discusses the potential impact of these optimization strategies on enhancing user experience and learning outcomes,compares findings with previous research,addresses limitations,and suggests future research directions.In conclusion,this research contributes to enriching the design theory of Chinese learning apps,offering practical optimization recommendations for developers,and supporting the continuous advancement of Chinese language learning apps.
基金supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11002026, 11372039)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant 3133039)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned (Grant 20121832001)
文摘A radial basis function collocation method based on the nonlocal elastic continuum theory is developed to compute the band structures of nanoscale multilayered phononic crystals. The effects of nonlocal imperfect interfaces on band structures of transverse waves propagating obliquely or vertically in the system are studied. The correctness of the present method is verified by comparing the numerical results with those obtained by applying the transfer matrix method in the case of nonlocal perfect interface. Furthermore, the influences of the nanoscale size, the impedance ratio and the incident angle on the cut-off frequency and band structures are investigated and discussed in detail. Numerical results show that the nonlocal interface imperfections have significant effects on the band structures in the macroscopic and microscopic scale.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0105900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306179)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC4006)High Performance Computing Center of Central South University。
文摘The development of dual functional material for cyclic CO_(2)capture and hydrogenation is of great significance for converting diluted CO_(2)into valuable fuels,but suffers from kinetic limitation and deactivation of adsorbent and catalyst.Herein,we engineered a series of RuNa/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)materials,varying the size of ruthenium from single atoms to clusters/nanoparticles.The coordination environment and structure sensitivity of ruthenium were quantitatively investigated at atomic scale.Our findings reveal that the reduced Ru nanoparticles,approximately 7.1 nm in diameter with a Ru-Ru coordination number of 5.9,exhibit high methane formation activity and selectivity at 340°C.The Ru-Na interfacial sites facilitate CO_(2)migration through a deoxygenation pathway,involving carbonate dissociation,carbonyl formation,and hydrogenation.In-situ experiments and theoretical calculations show that stable carbonyl intermediates on metallic Ru nanoparticles facilitate heterolytic C–O scission and C–H bonding,significantly lowering the energy barrier for activating stored CO_(2).
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Graduate School of Xi'an Jiaotong University
文摘Bueckner's work conjugate integral customarily adopted for linear elastic materials is established for an interface crack in dissimilar anisotropic materials.The difficulties in separating Stroh's six complex arguments involved in the integral for the dissimilar materials are overcome and thert the explicit function representations of the integral are given and studied in detail.It is found that the pseudo-orthogonal properties of the eigenfunction expansion form(EEF)for a crack presented previously in isotropic elastic cases,in isotopic bimaterial cases,and in orthotropic cases are also valid in the present dissimilar arbitrary anisotropic cases.The relation between Bueckner's work conjugate integral and the J-integral in these cases is obtained by introducing a complementary stress- displacement state.Finally,some useful path-independent integrals and weight functions are proposed for calculating the crack tip parameters such as the stress intensity factors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59635140)
文摘An explicit full-field expression of the Green's functions for anisotropic piezoeleetric bimateri- als with a slipping interface is derived.When the electro-elastic singularity reduces to a pray dislocation in displacement and electric potential,interaction energy,between the dislocation and the bimaterials is obtained explicitly while the generalized force on the disloeation is given in a real form whieh is also valid for degener- ate materials.The investigation demonstrates that the houndary conditions at lhe slipping interface between two piezoelectric materials will exert a prominent influence on the mobility of the dislocation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275156,52025132,21,621,091,52300138,22021001 and 22121001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.20720220019)+2 种基金the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the 111 Project(Nos.B17027,B16029)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘The development of next-generation electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers requires a shift in interface design.By employing hierarchical work function programming,we propose an approach to tune interfacial polarization dynamics.This method utilizes multi-gradient work functions to guide carrier migration and polarization effectively,thereby enhancing energy dissipation under alternating electromagnetic fields.Here,we constructed a 1T/2H-MoS_(2)/PPy/VS_(2) composite absorber with integrated gradient interfaces.The composite achieved a powerful absorption(RLmin)of-58.59 dB at 2.3 mm,and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.44 GHz at 2.5 mm,demonstrating improved broadband absorption.Radar cross-section(RCS)simulations show an EMW loss of-7.2 dB m^(2) at 0°,highlighting its potential for stealth and communication applications.This study introduces hierarchical work function programming as a promising strategy in EMW absorber design,contributing to advancements in material performance and functionality.
基金Project(2013DFR40700)supported by International S&T Cooperation Program of ChinaProjects(21174034,51003019,51302280)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A multifunctional polymeric nanofilm of triazinedithiolsilane monosodium salt, which can resist corrosion and activatecopper surface concurrently, was prepared by galvanostatic technique and the following hydrolysis-condensation approach.Electrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the resistant ability of nanofilm. The changes of functional groups atop thenanofilms were monitored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and contact angles （CA） simultaneously. Thechemical composition and the morphology of the polymeric nanofilm were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, respectively. The results reveal that the preferentially developed disulfide units protect thecopper during the whole preparation process, and the subsequently hydrolyzed nanofilms without/with heating shape into newinterface phases bearing the multifunctionality. This multifunctional interface （the polymeric nanofilm on copper surface） opens upthe possibilities for other OH-containing reagents to be anchored onto copper surface in demanding researches or industrialapplications.
文摘The Green's function is used to solve the scattering far fieldsolution of SH-wave by a mov- able rigid cylindrical interfaceinclusion in a linear elastic body. First, a suitable Green'sfunction is devel- oped, which is the fundamental displacementsolution of an elastic half space with a movable rigid half-cylin-drical inclusion impacted by out-of-plane harmonic line source loadedat any point of its horizontal surface.
文摘This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.
基金supported by the US ARO grants 49308-MA and 56349-MAthe US AFSOR grant FA9550-06-1-024+1 种基金he US NSF grant DMS-0911434the State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Chinese Academy of Sciences during a visit by Z.Li between July-August,2008.
文摘In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body-fitted meshes are used.For homogeneous jump conditions,both non-conforming and conforming basis functions are constructed in such a way that they satisfy the natural jump conditions. For non-homogeneous jump conditions,a pair of functions that satisfy the same non-homogeneous jump conditions are constructed using a level-set representation of the interface.With such a pair of functions,the discontinuities across the interface in the solution and flux are removed;and an equivalent elasticity interface problem with homogeneous jump conditions is formulated.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that such methods have second order convergence.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB0104300)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ19003, KZ201910005002 and L182009)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 21875007, 51622202, and 21974007)the Project of Youth Talent Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (CIT&TCD201804013)。
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes have been considered as the promising candidates to improve the safety and stability of high-energy lithium metal batteries.However,the practical applications of solid polymer electrolytes are still limited by the low ionic conductivity,poor interfacial contact with electrodes,narrow electrochemical window and weak mechanical strength.Here,a series of novel block copolymer electrolytes with three-dimensional networks are designed by cross-linked copolymerization of the polyethylene glycol soft segments and hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer hard segments.Their ionic migration performances and interface compatibilities with Li metal anode have been optimized delicately by tailoring the ratio of these functional units.The optimized block copolymer electrolyte has shown an amorphous crystalline structure,a high ionic conductivity of ~5.7×10^(-4)S cm^(-1),high lithium ion transference number(~0.49),wide electrochemical window up to ~4.65 V(vs.Li+/Li) and favorable mechanical strength at 55℃.Furthermore,the enhanced interface compatibility can well support the normal operations of lithium metal batteries using both LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes.This study not only paves a new way to develop solid polymer electrolyte with optimizing functional units,but also provides a polymer electrolyte design strategy for the application demand of lithium metal battery.
文摘Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.
