Functional lipids,primarily derived through the modification of natural lipids by various processes,are widely acknowledged for their potential to impart health benefits.In contrast to chemical methods for lipid modif...Functional lipids,primarily derived through the modification of natural lipids by various processes,are widely acknowledged for their potential to impart health benefits.In contrast to chemical methods for lipid modification,enzymatic catalysis offers distinct advantages,including high selectivity,mild operating conditions,and reduced byproduct formation.Nevertheless,enzymes face challenges in industrial applications,such as low activity,stability,and undesired selectivity.To address these challenges,protein engineering techniques have been implemented to enhance enzyme performance in functional lipid synthesis.This article aims to review recent advances in protein engineering,encompassing approaches from directed evolution to rational design,with the goal of improving the properties of lipid-modifying enzymes.Furthermore,the article explores the future prospects and challenges associated with enzyme-catalyzed functional lipid synthesis.展开更多
1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol(OPO)has been a hotspot of functional oils research in recent years,but due to the high cost of sn-1,3 specific lipase in enzymatic synthesis and the lack of biocatalyst stability,large...1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol(OPO)has been a hotspot of functional oils research in recent years,but due to the high cost of sn-1,3 specific lipase in enzymatic synthesis and the lack of biocatalyst stability,large-scale industrial application is difficult.In this study,the prepared magnetic ZnFe_(2)O_(4) was functionalized with dopamine to obtain ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA,and the nano-biocatalyst ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was prepared by immobilizing sn-1,3 specific lipase of Rhizomucor miehei lipase(RML)via a cross-linking method.The existence of RML on ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA was confirmed by XRD,FTIR,SEM,and TEM.This strategy proved to be simple and effective because the lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles could be quickly recovered using external magnets,enabling reuse of the lipase.The activity,adaptability to a high temperature,pH value,and operational stability of immobilized RML were superior to those of free RML.After optimizing the synthesis conditions,the OPO yield was 42.78%,and the proportion of PA at the sn-2 position(PA-Sn2)was 54.63%.After the first four cycles,the activity of ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was not significantly affected.The magnetically immobilized lipase has good thermal stability,long-term storage stability,reusability,and high catalytic activity.It can be used as a green and efficient biocatalyst to synthesize the OPO functional lipid.展开更多
Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases...Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases.In this paper,the immobilized lipase PS@LXTE-1000 was self-made by immobilizing the Pseudomomas cepacian lipase on to the hydrophobic microporous resin LXTE-1000.The results indicate that LXTE-1000 was a uniform mesoporous sphere with the mean diameter of 400μm,pore size of 14.6 nm,pore volume of 0.5 cm3/g and surface area of 126.0 m^(2)/g,showing superior structural properties for lipase immobilization.Under the optimal reaction conditions with the molar ratio of rapeseed oil to glycerol being 1:1,adding amount of immobilized lipase being 4%,reaction at 50℃,the highest DAG content of 46.7%was achieved in 3 h via enzymatic glycerolysis catalyzed by LXTE-1000.After 7 cycles of reuse,the self-made LXTE-1000 could still retain 78.3%of its initial catalytic ability.Besides,LXTE-1000 was observed to facilitate the DAG production via glycerolysis reaction between glycerol with other seven edible oils including corn oil,sesame oil,peony seed oil,rice bran oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and flaxseed oil.Specifically,the glycerolysis reaction with sesame oil,peony seed oil and rice bran oil even led to the DAG content of 52.1%,53.3%and 51.2%,respectively,Hence,this paper provide a novel strategy to produce high-efficient and economic immobilized lipases,which shows great potential in the green synthesis of functional lipids such as DAG.展开更多
Acute lung injury is a severe and intricate condition characterized by the disruptions in the alveolar barrier,pulmonary edema,enhanced inflammation,and alveolar apoptosis.Existing therapeutic approaches often exhibit...Acute lung injury is a severe and intricate condition characterized by the disruptions in the alveolar barrier,pulmonary edema,enhanced inflammation,and alveolar apoptosis.Existing therapeutic approaches often exhibit limited efficacy and undesirable side effects.Egg yolk phospholipids have shown some potential as nutritional supplements due to their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties under various conditions.This study aimed to explore whether phospholipid supplementation,particularly those rich in phosphatidylcholine,could alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice.Mice received daily oral administrations of phospholipid extracts(800 mg/kg)from different sources(embryonated egg yolk on day 18 and unfertilized fresh egg yolk)for 7 days or a single dose of dexamethasone(positive control).Subsequently,lipopolysaccharide(10 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally injected,and the mice were euthanized after 6 h.Various samples were collected for histological examination,assessment of inflammation and oxidative stress,serum metabolome analysis,and identification of gut flora.Results demonstrated that pretreatment with phospholipids effectively mitigated damages to the alveolar-capillary barrier and reduced lung edema by suppressing the release of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines,with embryonated egg extracts exhibiting superior efficacy.Additionally,the protective mechanism of phospholipids seemed associated with the metabolic distribution and absorption,helping to maintain the right lipid metabolism and restore protein synthesis,thus mitigating the impact of lung injury.In conclusion,supplementation with phosphatidylcholine-enriched phospholipids may serve as an innovative nutritional strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of bacterial infection on alveolar function.展开更多
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0132)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Sichuan University(YJ202308).
文摘Functional lipids,primarily derived through the modification of natural lipids by various processes,are widely acknowledged for their potential to impart health benefits.In contrast to chemical methods for lipid modification,enzymatic catalysis offers distinct advantages,including high selectivity,mild operating conditions,and reduced byproduct formation.Nevertheless,enzymes face challenges in industrial applications,such as low activity,stability,and undesired selectivity.To address these challenges,protein engineering techniques have been implemented to enhance enzyme performance in functional lipid synthesis.This article aims to review recent advances in protein engineering,encompassing approaches from directed evolution to rational design,with the goal of improving the properties of lipid-modifying enzymes.Furthermore,the article explores the future prospects and challenges associated with enzyme-catalyzed functional lipid synthesis.
基金This research was funded by the Science and Technology Program in Guangzhou City of China(Grant No.201904010087)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(Grant No.202111347022)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Fund for Graduate Students(Grant No.KJCX2021005)Innovative Team Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province of China(Grant No.2016KCXTD003)2021 Guangdong University Research Platform and Scientific Research Project(Grant No.2021ZDZX2056).
文摘1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol(OPO)has been a hotspot of functional oils research in recent years,but due to the high cost of sn-1,3 specific lipase in enzymatic synthesis and the lack of biocatalyst stability,large-scale industrial application is difficult.In this study,the prepared magnetic ZnFe_(2)O_(4) was functionalized with dopamine to obtain ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA,and the nano-biocatalyst ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was prepared by immobilizing sn-1,3 specific lipase of Rhizomucor miehei lipase(RML)via a cross-linking method.The existence of RML on ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA was confirmed by XRD,FTIR,SEM,and TEM.This strategy proved to be simple and effective because the lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles could be quickly recovered using external magnets,enabling reuse of the lipase.The activity,adaptability to a high temperature,pH value,and operational stability of immobilized RML were superior to those of free RML.After optimizing the synthesis conditions,the OPO yield was 42.78%,and the proportion of PA at the sn-2 position(PA-Sn2)was 54.63%.After the first four cycles,the activity of ZnFe_(2)O_(4)@PDA@RML was not significantly affected.The magnetically immobilized lipase has good thermal stability,long-term storage stability,reusability,and high catalytic activity.It can be used as a green and efficient biocatalyst to synthesize the OPO functional lipid.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD2100303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272271,32302021)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation of China(2021CFB209,2023AFB324)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd002)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.1610172024002).
文摘Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases.In this paper,the immobilized lipase PS@LXTE-1000 was self-made by immobilizing the Pseudomomas cepacian lipase on to the hydrophobic microporous resin LXTE-1000.The results indicate that LXTE-1000 was a uniform mesoporous sphere with the mean diameter of 400μm,pore size of 14.6 nm,pore volume of 0.5 cm3/g and surface area of 126.0 m^(2)/g,showing superior structural properties for lipase immobilization.Under the optimal reaction conditions with the molar ratio of rapeseed oil to glycerol being 1:1,adding amount of immobilized lipase being 4%,reaction at 50℃,the highest DAG content of 46.7%was achieved in 3 h via enzymatic glycerolysis catalyzed by LXTE-1000.After 7 cycles of reuse,the self-made LXTE-1000 could still retain 78.3%of its initial catalytic ability.Besides,LXTE-1000 was observed to facilitate the DAG production via glycerolysis reaction between glycerol with other seven edible oils including corn oil,sesame oil,peony seed oil,rice bran oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and flaxseed oil.Specifically,the glycerolysis reaction with sesame oil,peony seed oil and rice bran oil even led to the DAG content of 52.1%,53.3%and 51.2%,respectively,Hence,this paper provide a novel strategy to produce high-efficient and economic immobilized lipases,which shows great potential in the green synthesis of functional lipids such as DAG.
基金financially supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Funds(Grant No.31772043)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Program No.2662018JC021)Co-construction Research and Development Project of Hubei University of Arts&Science(Project No.F51805).
文摘Acute lung injury is a severe and intricate condition characterized by the disruptions in the alveolar barrier,pulmonary edema,enhanced inflammation,and alveolar apoptosis.Existing therapeutic approaches often exhibit limited efficacy and undesirable side effects.Egg yolk phospholipids have shown some potential as nutritional supplements due to their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties under various conditions.This study aimed to explore whether phospholipid supplementation,particularly those rich in phosphatidylcholine,could alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice.Mice received daily oral administrations of phospholipid extracts(800 mg/kg)from different sources(embryonated egg yolk on day 18 and unfertilized fresh egg yolk)for 7 days or a single dose of dexamethasone(positive control).Subsequently,lipopolysaccharide(10 mg/kg)was intraperitoneally injected,and the mice were euthanized after 6 h.Various samples were collected for histological examination,assessment of inflammation and oxidative stress,serum metabolome analysis,and identification of gut flora.Results demonstrated that pretreatment with phospholipids effectively mitigated damages to the alveolar-capillary barrier and reduced lung edema by suppressing the release of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines,with embryonated egg extracts exhibiting superior efficacy.Additionally,the protective mechanism of phospholipids seemed associated with the metabolic distribution and absorption,helping to maintain the right lipid metabolism and restore protein synthesis,thus mitigating the impact of lung injury.In conclusion,supplementation with phosphatidylcholine-enriched phospholipids may serve as an innovative nutritional strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of bacterial infection on alveolar function.
