Musical training can counteract age-related decline in speech perception in noisy environments.However,it remains unclear whether older non-musicians and musicians rely on functional compensation or functional preserv...Musical training can counteract age-related decline in speech perception in noisy environments.However,it remains unclear whether older non-musicians and musicians rely on functional compensation or functional preservation to counteract the adverse efects of aging.This study utilized resting-state functional connectivity(FC)to investigate functional lateralization,a fundamental organization feature,in older musicians(OM),older non-musicians(ONM),and young non-musicians(YNM).Results showed that OM outperformed ONM and achieved comparable performance to YNM in speech-in-noise and speech-in-speech tasks.ONM exhibited reduced lateralization than YNM in lateralization index(LI)of intrahemispheric FC(LI_intra)in the cingulo-opercular network(CON)and LI of interhemispheric heterotopic FC(LI_he)in the language network(LAN).Conversely,OM showed higher neural alignment to YNM(i.e.,a more similar lateralization pattern)compared to ONM in CON,LAN,frontoparietal network(FPN),dorsal attention network(DAN),and default mode network(DMN),indicating preservation of youth-like lateralization patterns due to musical experience.Furthermore,in ONM,stronger left-lateralized and lower alignment-to-young of LI_intra in the somatomotor network(SMN)and DAN and LI_he in DMN correlated with better speech performance,indicating a functional compensation mechanism.In contrast,stronger right-lateralized LI_intra in FPN and DAN and higher alignment-to-young of LI_he in LAN correlated with better performance in OM,suggesting a functional preservation mechanism.These fndings highlight the diferential roles of functional preservation and compensation of lateralization in speech perception in noise among elderly individuals with and without musical expertise,ofering insights into successful aging theories from the lens of functional lateralization and speech perception.展开更多
Recent studies have made substantial progress in understanding the interactions between cognitive functions, from language to cognitive control, attention, and memory. However, dissociating these functions has been ha...Recent studies have made substantial progress in understanding the interactions between cognitive functions, from language to cognitive control, attention, and memory. However, dissociating these functions has been hampered by the close proximity of regions involved, as in the case in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. In this article, we review a series of studies that investigated the relationship between language and other cognitive functions in an alternative way - by examining their functional （co-）lateralization. We argue that research on the hemispheric lateralization of language and its link with handedness can offer an appropriate starting- point to shed light on the relationships between different functions. Besides functional interactions, anatomical asymmetries in non-human primates and those underlying language in humans can provide unique information about cortical organization. Finally, some open questions and criteria are raised for an ideal theoretical model of the cortex based on hemispheric specialization.展开更多
Purpose： Fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle are relatively uncommon. These fractures are unstable due to the various deforming forces which act on the fragments as well as the small distal fracture fragment...Purpose： Fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle are relatively uncommon. These fractures are unstable due to the various deforming forces which act on the fragments as well as the small distal fracture fragment. At most times the deforming forces are not taken into consideration, and the fracture is not fixed securely. In this study, we assessed a fixation technique using the precontoured locking plates to find out whether it provided a stable fixation with good functional outcome. Methods： Totally, 32 patients with lateral end clavicle fracture （Neer＇s Type ll） were included in the study. After the informed consent and preoperative investigations were obtained, open reduction and intemal fixation was done using a 3.5 mm precontoured superior locking plate with lateral extension under general anesthesia. Postoperative X-rays were done on day I and every 6 weeks after operation, until radiological union was achieved. The postoperative pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） on postoperative days 1, 2 and 10. Postoperatively arm pouch sling was given for 2 weeks followed by active mobilization. Patients were asked to do their daily routine work and avoid lifting heavy weights. The functional outcome was assessed at the end of 2nd and 6th months with the help of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand （DASH} scoring. Results： There were no intraoperative complications in the procedure. The mean VAS score on post- operative day 1 was found to be 5 which decreased to 3 on day 2 and 0 on day 10. The mean DASH score was calculated as 11.63 at the end of postoperative month 2 and then 4.6 at the end of month 6. There was one case of malunion in whom the overhead abduction was restricted but was not painful and was managed conservatively. Conclusion： The precontoured locking plates with lateral extension may be a good method to fix the fractures of the lateral end clavicle, which provide a stable fixation with good functional outcome with very few instances of stiffness and decreased range of motion of the shoulder with the hook plates and failure of fixation in screw and K-wire fixations. It may well be the answer to the fixation questions of the lateral clavicle fractures, although larger comparative studies between the surgical treatment methods are required to confirm the same.展开更多
An improved single-π equivalent circuit model for on-chip inductors in the GaAs process is presented in this paper. Considering high order parasites, the model is established by comprising an improved skin effect bra...An improved single-π equivalent circuit model for on-chip inductors in the GaAs process is presented in this paper. Considering high order parasites, the model is established by comprising an improved skin effect branch and a substrate lateral coupling branch. The parameter extraction is based on an improved characteristic function approach and vector fitting method. The model has better simulation than the previous work over the measured data of 2.5r and 4.5r on-chip inductors in the GaAs process.展开更多
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0201500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31822024,31671172,and 32300881)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32010300)the Scientifc Foundation of Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E1CX172005 and E1CX4725CX).
文摘Musical training can counteract age-related decline in speech perception in noisy environments.However,it remains unclear whether older non-musicians and musicians rely on functional compensation or functional preservation to counteract the adverse efects of aging.This study utilized resting-state functional connectivity(FC)to investigate functional lateralization,a fundamental organization feature,in older musicians(OM),older non-musicians(ONM),and young non-musicians(YNM).Results showed that OM outperformed ONM and achieved comparable performance to YNM in speech-in-noise and speech-in-speech tasks.ONM exhibited reduced lateralization than YNM in lateralization index(LI)of intrahemispheric FC(LI_intra)in the cingulo-opercular network(CON)and LI of interhemispheric heterotopic FC(LI_he)in the language network(LAN).Conversely,OM showed higher neural alignment to YNM(i.e.,a more similar lateralization pattern)compared to ONM in CON,LAN,frontoparietal network(FPN),dorsal attention network(DAN),and default mode network(DMN),indicating preservation of youth-like lateralization patterns due to musical experience.Furthermore,in ONM,stronger left-lateralized and lower alignment-to-young of LI_intra in the somatomotor network(SMN)and DAN and LI_he in DMN correlated with better speech performance,indicating a functional compensation mechanism.In contrast,stronger right-lateralized LI_intra in FPN and DAN and higher alignment-to-young of LI_he in LAN correlated with better performance in OM,suggesting a functional preservation mechanism.These fndings highlight the diferential roles of functional preservation and compensation of lateralization in speech perception in noise among elderly individuals with and without musical expertise,ofering insights into successful aging theories from the lens of functional lateralization and speech perception.
文摘Recent studies have made substantial progress in understanding the interactions between cognitive functions, from language to cognitive control, attention, and memory. However, dissociating these functions has been hampered by the close proximity of regions involved, as in the case in the prefrontal and parietal cortex. In this article, we review a series of studies that investigated the relationship between language and other cognitive functions in an alternative way - by examining their functional （co-）lateralization. We argue that research on the hemispheric lateralization of language and its link with handedness can offer an appropriate starting- point to shed light on the relationships between different functions. Besides functional interactions, anatomical asymmetries in non-human primates and those underlying language in humans can provide unique information about cortical organization. Finally, some open questions and criteria are raised for an ideal theoretical model of the cortex based on hemispheric specialization.
文摘Purpose： Fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle are relatively uncommon. These fractures are unstable due to the various deforming forces which act on the fragments as well as the small distal fracture fragment. At most times the deforming forces are not taken into consideration, and the fracture is not fixed securely. In this study, we assessed a fixation technique using the precontoured locking plates to find out whether it provided a stable fixation with good functional outcome. Methods： Totally, 32 patients with lateral end clavicle fracture （Neer＇s Type ll） were included in the study. After the informed consent and preoperative investigations were obtained, open reduction and intemal fixation was done using a 3.5 mm precontoured superior locking plate with lateral extension under general anesthesia. Postoperative X-rays were done on day I and every 6 weeks after operation, until radiological union was achieved. The postoperative pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） on postoperative days 1, 2 and 10. Postoperatively arm pouch sling was given for 2 weeks followed by active mobilization. Patients were asked to do their daily routine work and avoid lifting heavy weights. The functional outcome was assessed at the end of 2nd and 6th months with the help of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand （DASH} scoring. Results： There were no intraoperative complications in the procedure. The mean VAS score on post- operative day 1 was found to be 5 which decreased to 3 on day 2 and 0 on day 10. The mean DASH score was calculated as 11.63 at the end of postoperative month 2 and then 4.6 at the end of month 6. There was one case of malunion in whom the overhead abduction was restricted but was not painful and was managed conservatively. Conclusion： The precontoured locking plates with lateral extension may be a good method to fix the fractures of the lateral end clavicle, which provide a stable fixation with good functional outcome with very few instances of stiffness and decreased range of motion of the shoulder with the hook plates and failure of fixation in screw and K-wire fixations. It may well be the answer to the fixation questions of the lateral clavicle fractures, although larger comparative studies between the surgical treatment methods are required to confirm the same.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61674036)
文摘An improved single-π equivalent circuit model for on-chip inductors in the GaAs process is presented in this paper. Considering high order parasites, the model is established by comprising an improved skin effect branch and a substrate lateral coupling branch. The parameter extraction is based on an improved characteristic function approach and vector fitting method. The model has better simulation than the previous work over the measured data of 2.5r and 4.5r on-chip inductors in the GaAs process.
