Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear ...Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear and contentious.This study offered a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of research published until June 2024,analyzing the effects of multivitamins on various cognitive functions in individuals aged 65 and older.We included ten randomized controlled trials encompassing 13,600 participants from multiple databases.These studies evaluated the impact of multivitamins on reasoning,memory,learning,visual perception,idea production,cognitive speed,psychomotor abilities,and higher cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis revealed that multivitamins significantly enhanced delayed free recall (standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.09,95%confidence interval(CI)=[0.05,0.13],P<0.0001).However,they had no substantial effects on immediate free recall(SMD=0.85,95%CI=[-0.18,1.90],P=0.11),idea production(SMD=0.00,95%CI=[-0.04,0.03],P=0.86),or cognitive speed(SMD=0.34,95%CI=[-0.07,0.74],P=0.11).Thus,while multivitamins facilitated delayed free recall,they did not significantly improve other cognitive functions in older adults.展开更多
Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for em...Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for emhancing FMS and CF in early childhood remain unknown.Thus,the study aimed to determine the effects of PA interventions in enhancing FMS and CF among young children and to establish the optimal types of PA interventions.Methods:Six electronic databases(PubMed,OVID,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane)were searched for studies from inception to March 17,2024.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included in this study if they reported outcomes related to FMS,CF,or both associated with PA interventions.Effect sizes were calculated and performed as Hedges'g.The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Risk of bias was independently assessed using the Cochrane Riskof-Bias 2.Results:This analysis included 38 studies with 5237 young children,with sample sizes ranging from 32 to 897 participants.The types of PA interventions analyzed included active play/free play/unstructured PA(AP),general structured PA(GSPA),FMS-targeted PA programs(FMSprograms),cognitively-engaging PA programs(CPA),multilevel PA interventions(MPA),and exergaming.PA interventions had a large,pooled effect size for total FMS(g=0.96;95%CI:0.45-1.46;p<0.01;I^(2)=94%).For CF,a small-to-moderate pooled effect size was found(g=0.39;95%CI:0.18-0.60;p<0.01;I^(2)=88%).PA interventions longer than 3 months showed fewer benefits for FMS(p<0.01).The network meta-analysis showed that FMS-programs(standardized mean difference((SMD)=1.55,95%CI:0.98-2.11,SUCRA=98.3%)and GSPA(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.05-1.85,SUCRA=69.8%)significantly improved total FMS compared to AP.For locomotor skills(LMS),exergaming ranked highest(SUCRA=79.3%),followed by FMS-programs(75.9%)and GSPA(61.6%).However,despite its top ranking,exergaming's effect estimate was not statistically significant(SMD=1.38,95%CI:-0.08 to 2.85).For object control skills(OCS),exergaming again ranked highest(SUCRA=91.9%)and showed the largest significant effect(SMD=2.38,95%CI:0.96-3.80),followed by FMS-programs(SUCRA=78.5%)and GSPA(SUCRA=53.7%).FMS-programs,GSPA,MPA,and UC also significantly improved OCS compared to AP.While no significant differences were observed across PA interventions for most CF domains,exergaming had a significant positive effect on working memory(SMD=1.41,95%CI:0.07-2.75).The certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion:These findings emphasize the importance of PA interventions in improving FMS and CF in early childhood.FMS-programs and GSPA appear to be the most effective approaches for enhancing total FMS,while exergaming showed the highest ranking for LMS and OCS,with a significant impact on OCS but uncertainty in LMS improvements.Additionally,exergaming had a positive effect on working memory,suggesting its potential cognitive benefits.展开更多
The fractional quantum Hall effect remains a captivating area in condensed matter physics,characterized by strongly correlated topological order,which manifests as fractionalized excitations and anyonic statistics.Num...The fractional quantum Hall effect remains a captivating area in condensed matter physics,characterized by strongly correlated topological order,which manifests as fractionalized excitations and anyonic statistics.Numerical simulations,such as exact diagonalization,density matrix renormalization groups,matrix product states,and Monte Carlo methods are essential for examining the properties of strongly correlated systems.Recently,density functional theory has been employed in this field within the framework of composite fermion theory.This paper systematically evaluates how density functional theory approaches have addressed fundamental challenges in fractional quantum Hall systems,including ground state and low-energy excitations.Special attention is given to the insights provided by density functional theory regarding composite fermion behavior,edge effects,and the nature of fractional charge and magnetoroton excitations.The discussion critically examines both the advantages and limitations of these approaches,while highlighting the productive interplay between numerical simulations and theoretical models.Future directions are explored,particularly the promising potential of time-dependent density functional theory for modeling non-equilibrium dynamics in quantum Hall systems.展开更多
A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the bi...Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
Nickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl nonaflates with B2pin2 could be realized,which proceeded effectively by means of C—O bond functionalization to afford a wide variety of valuable arylboronates in moderate to excell...Nickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl nonaflates with B2pin2 could be realized,which proceeded effectively by means of C—O bond functionalization to afford a wide variety of valuable arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields with good functionality compatibility.In addition,the gram-scale synthesis and the application of the approach in the late-stage elaboration of aryl nonaflate derived from pterostilbene could also be achieved.展开更多
Let K_(j)/Q,1≤j≤ν,ν≥2 be quadratic fields with pairwise coprime discriminants Dj,and let τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)be the divisor function associated to Dedekind zeta function SK_(j)(s).In this paper,we consider a multid...Let K_(j)/Q,1≤j≤ν,ν≥2 be quadratic fields with pairwise coprime discriminants Dj,and let τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)be the divisor function associated to Dedekind zeta function SK_(j)(s).In this paper,we consider a multidimensional general divisor problem related to the τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)involving several number fields over square integers,by establishing the corresponding asymptotic formula.As an application,we also obtain the asymptotic formula of variance of these coefi icients.展开更多
In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the...In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)aims to improve lung function in patients with chronic respiratory disease(CRD).In recent years,significant advancements have been made in pulmonary rehabilitation technologies,demonstratin...Pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)aims to improve lung function in patients with chronic respiratory disease(CRD).In recent years,significant advancements have been made in pulmonary rehabilitation technologies,demonstrating their potential for enhancing lung function in patients with respiratory diseases.The purpose of this study is to outline recent developments in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation guided by pulmonary rehabilitation robots,which has not been previously addressed in earlier reviews.To fill this gap,this paper first provides a systematic summary of the monitoring and actuation technologies of pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems and evaluates these technologies from multiple dimensions,including portability,wearability potential,invasiveness,and clinical applications,analyzing the potential for integrating various technologies into pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems.Furthermore,three technical directions are proposed:real-time precise monitoring,suitable structure and actuation strategies,and the intelligence of pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems.On the basis of these directions,this paper presents a comprehensive technical outlook for a soft wearable pulmonary rehabilitation robot system,providing reference and guidance for future research.To our knowledge,this is the first review of pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems and their key technologies.Additionally,the review section on respiratory assistive technologies simultaneously covers key technologies such as mechanical ventilation(MV),exoskeleton robots,and functional electrical stimulation(FES)for the first time.It also summarizes the respiratory assistive technology paradigm from the innovative perspectives of respiratory assistive modalities,targeted body sites,and types of ventilation for the first time.This study offers a broader perspective and a deeper understanding of pulmonary re-habilitation robots,with a technical outlook encompassing multimodal data fusion perception,respiratory event detection and intention recognition,full-phase assistance strategies,modeling,decoupling,and quantification of multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)systems,as well as model-based interactive control strategies.展开更多
Background This study compared knee osteoarthritis(OA)outcomes specific to pain,physical function,and quality of life in later life based on strength training(ST)participation over a lifetime.Methods Participants from...Background This study compared knee osteoarthritis(OA)outcomes specific to pain,physical function,and quality of life in later life based on strength training(ST)participation over a lifetime.Methods Participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative(n=3192)were grouped by ST engagement during ages 12–18 years,19–34 years,35–49 years,and 50+years.Participants were categorized as:No ST(no ST at any point;61.7±9.0 years(mean±SD)),Some ST(engaged in ST during 1–3 life stages;58.9±8.7 years),and Lifelong ST(consistently engaged in ST across all life stages;55.6±8.1 years).Measures were collected at baseline and Year 4:Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Scores(WOMAC;pain,daily activities),Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS;sports,recreation),Physical Activity Score for the Elderly(PASE),Short Form-12 Physical Component Score(SF-12 PCS),mobility disability,chair rise time,and walking speed(20 m and 400 m).Results At Year 4,the Lifelong ST group reported better WOMAC activity scores in the right knee along with better WOMAC pain,KOOS sports/recreation,and PASE scores compared to other groups(p<0.05).The Lifelong ST group had the lowest incidence of mobility disability of all groups(0.8%vs.2.3%–4.1%;p=0.015)and maintained the fastest walking speeds in Year 4.Conclusion For those with knee OA,ST throughout life may help preserve function and mobility,allowing for greater physical activity engagement while keeping pain levels relatively lower.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the uniqueness of meromorphic functions and their derivatives in the unit disc and consider the relations between the Borel points and the shared-values of meromorphic functions in an angu...In this paper,we investigate the uniqueness of meromorphic functions and their derivatives in the unit disc and consider the relations between the Borel points and the shared-values of meromorphic functions in an angular domain by Nevanlinna value distribution theory.An admissible meromorphic function with orde or precise order has Borel point and shares IM common values with its derivative in an angular domain of the unit disc,then the meromorphic function and its derivative are unique.The obtained results improve and generalize some existing results and enrich the uniqueness theory of meromorphic functions.展开更多
Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-w...Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.展开更多
Background:Aging is a key risk factor for human health,causing damage to the brain and liver tissues.Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a critical driver of the aging process.Shuangshen tablet(SS...Background:Aging is a key risk factor for human health,causing damage to the brain and liver tissues.Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a critical driver of the aging process.Shuangshen tablet(SST),a functional food formulated with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Apostichopus japonicus as main ingredients,possesses potential antioxidant and anti-aging properties.Thus,this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging effects of SST using a D-galactose-induced aging model.Methods:The formula of SST was optimized via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.Chemical components of SST were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS,and their in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.D-galactose-induced aging mice were intervened with SST,followed by detection of serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels,as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in brain and liver tissues.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe brain and liver histopathological changes.Mechanistic studies were conducted to analyze the protein expression levels of Nrf2-HO-1 pathway-related proteins,phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT).Acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed to evaluate the safety of SST.Results:A total of 46 active components were identified from SST,including ketones,terpenes,phenylpropanoids,and organic acids.SST intervention significantly regulated serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels in aging mice:it reduced MDA content in brain and liver tissues,increased SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px activities,and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels.HE staining showed that SST alleviated D-galactose-induced brain and liver damage.Mechanistically,SST mitigated oxidative damage by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway and upregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT.Acute and subacute toxicity tests confirmed the safety of SST.Conclusion:SST can effectively delay the D-galactose-induced aging process by improving the oxidative stress signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for the development of antioxidant functional foods.展开更多
Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhan...Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhancing aboveground carbon(AGC)storage is well established,there remains limited empirical evidence from Pakistan’s forest ecosystems.This study investigated how taxonomic and functional diversity,alongside topographical variables,influence AGC across four districts in Punjab.Taxonomic metrics such as the Importance Value Index(IVI)and genus richness were computed,along with functional diversity indices including functional richness(FRic),functional dispersion(FDis),functional divergence(FDiv),and functional evenness(FEve).AGC was estimated using species-specific allometric equations,and linear mixed-effects models were applied to identify the most influential predictors.Acacia modesta and A.nilotica emerged as the dominant species in the studied sites.While species richness and biomass increased with elevation,Shannon diversity showed a negative relationship with elevation.AGC values ranged from 100 to 350 Mg ha⁻¹across the study sites.Among diversity metrics,FRic(0.042)and FDis(0.342)were significantly associated with higher AGC,whereas taxonomic diversity measures showed weaker correlations.Although elevation was a strong predictor of diversity patterns,it did not have a significant direct effect on carbon storage.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait diversity and topographic variability into forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration,strengthen ecosystem resilience and support sustainable rural livelihoods.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and fu...The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.展开更多
Submodular optimization is primarily applied in multi-agent systems for tasks such as resource allocation,task assignment,collaborative decision-making,and optimization problems.Maximization of optimizing submodular s...Submodular optimization is primarily applied in multi-agent systems for tasks such as resource allocation,task assignment,collaborative decision-making,and optimization problems.Maximization of optimizing submodular set functions attracts much attention since the 1970s.A large body of work has been done using approximation algorithms.When the dimension of the independent variable of the set function changes from one tok,it is called ak-submodular set function.Thek-submodular set function,a generalization of the classical submodular set function,arises in diverse fields with varied applications.In many practical scenarios,quantifying the degree of closeness to submodularity becomes essential,leading to concepts such as approximately submodular set functions and the diminishing-return(DR) ratio.This paper investigates ak-dimensional set function under matroid constraints,which may lack full submodularity.Instead,we focus on an approximately non-ksubmodular set function characterized by its DR ratio.Employing a greedy algorithmic approach,we derive an approximation guarantee for this problem.Notably,when the DR ratio is set to one,our results align with existing findings in the literature.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm over the baselines.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023gf0003)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFD126)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104404).
文摘Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear and contentious.This study offered a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of research published until June 2024,analyzing the effects of multivitamins on various cognitive functions in individuals aged 65 and older.We included ten randomized controlled trials encompassing 13,600 participants from multiple databases.These studies evaluated the impact of multivitamins on reasoning,memory,learning,visual perception,idea production,cognitive speed,psychomotor abilities,and higher cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis revealed that multivitamins significantly enhanced delayed free recall (standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.09,95%confidence interval(CI)=[0.05,0.13],P<0.0001).However,they had no substantial effects on immediate free recall(SMD=0.85,95%CI=[-0.18,1.90],P=0.11),idea production(SMD=0.00,95%CI=[-0.04,0.03],P=0.86),or cognitive speed(SMD=0.34,95%CI=[-0.07,0.74],P=0.11).Thus,while multivitamins facilitated delayed free recall,they did not significantly improve other cognitive functions in older adults.
文摘Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for emhancing FMS and CF in early childhood remain unknown.Thus,the study aimed to determine the effects of PA interventions in enhancing FMS and CF among young children and to establish the optimal types of PA interventions.Methods:Six electronic databases(PubMed,OVID,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane)were searched for studies from inception to March 17,2024.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included in this study if they reported outcomes related to FMS,CF,or both associated with PA interventions.Effect sizes were calculated and performed as Hedges'g.The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Risk of bias was independently assessed using the Cochrane Riskof-Bias 2.Results:This analysis included 38 studies with 5237 young children,with sample sizes ranging from 32 to 897 participants.The types of PA interventions analyzed included active play/free play/unstructured PA(AP),general structured PA(GSPA),FMS-targeted PA programs(FMSprograms),cognitively-engaging PA programs(CPA),multilevel PA interventions(MPA),and exergaming.PA interventions had a large,pooled effect size for total FMS(g=0.96;95%CI:0.45-1.46;p<0.01;I^(2)=94%).For CF,a small-to-moderate pooled effect size was found(g=0.39;95%CI:0.18-0.60;p<0.01;I^(2)=88%).PA interventions longer than 3 months showed fewer benefits for FMS(p<0.01).The network meta-analysis showed that FMS-programs(standardized mean difference((SMD)=1.55,95%CI:0.98-2.11,SUCRA=98.3%)and GSPA(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.05-1.85,SUCRA=69.8%)significantly improved total FMS compared to AP.For locomotor skills(LMS),exergaming ranked highest(SUCRA=79.3%),followed by FMS-programs(75.9%)and GSPA(61.6%).However,despite its top ranking,exergaming's effect estimate was not statistically significant(SMD=1.38,95%CI:-0.08 to 2.85).For object control skills(OCS),exergaming again ranked highest(SUCRA=91.9%)and showed the largest significant effect(SMD=2.38,95%CI:0.96-3.80),followed by FMS-programs(SUCRA=78.5%)and GSPA(SUCRA=53.7%).FMS-programs,GSPA,MPA,and UC also significantly improved OCS compared to AP.While no significant differences were observed across PA interventions for most CF domains,exergaming had a significant positive effect on working memory(SMD=1.41,95%CI:0.07-2.75).The certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion:These findings emphasize the importance of PA interventions in improving FMS and CF in early childhood.FMS-programs and GSPA appear to be the most effective approaches for enhancing total FMS,while exergaming showed the highest ranking for LMS and OCS,with a significant impact on OCS but uncertainty in LMS improvements.Additionally,exergaming had a positive effect on working memory,suggesting its potential cognitive benefits.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12474140 and 12347101supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12204432+1 种基金supported by the graduate research and innovation foundation of Chongqing,China under Grant No.CYB25066the inaugural Doctoral Student Special Project of the China Association for Science and Technology Young Talents Lifting Program(2024)。
文摘The fractional quantum Hall effect remains a captivating area in condensed matter physics,characterized by strongly correlated topological order,which manifests as fractionalized excitations and anyonic statistics.Numerical simulations,such as exact diagonalization,density matrix renormalization groups,matrix product states,and Monte Carlo methods are essential for examining the properties of strongly correlated systems.Recently,density functional theory has been employed in this field within the framework of composite fermion theory.This paper systematically evaluates how density functional theory approaches have addressed fundamental challenges in fractional quantum Hall systems,including ground state and low-energy excitations.Special attention is given to the insights provided by density functional theory regarding composite fermion behavior,edge effects,and the nature of fractional charge and magnetoroton excitations.The discussion critically examines both the advantages and limitations of these approaches,while highlighting the productive interplay between numerical simulations and theoretical models.Future directions are explored,particularly the promising potential of time-dependent density functional theory for modeling non-equilibrium dynamics in quantum Hall systems.
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
文摘A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金supported by CARS(CARS-21),the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-032)the Science and Technology Department of Xizang(XZ202401ZY0020)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023YFH0044,2023YFH0018)the Sichuan Province Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022JDJQ0006)the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(19ZX7117,21ZX7116).
文摘Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
文摘Nickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl nonaflates with B2pin2 could be realized,which proceeded effectively by means of C—O bond functionalization to afford a wide variety of valuable arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields with good functionality compatibility.In addition,the gram-scale synthesis and the application of the approach in the late-stage elaboration of aryl nonaflate derived from pterostilbene could also be achieved.
基金Supported in part by NSFC(Nos.12401011,12201214)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1000700)+3 种基金Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.23JSQ053)Science and Technology Program for Youth New Star of Shaanxi Province(No.2025ZC-KJXX-29)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2025JC-YBQN-091)Scientific Research Foundation for Young Talents of WNU(No.2024XJ-QNRC-01)。
文摘Let K_(j)/Q,1≤j≤ν,ν≥2 be quadratic fields with pairwise coprime discriminants Dj,and let τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)be the divisor function associated to Dedekind zeta function SK_(j)(s).In this paper,we consider a multidimensional general divisor problem related to the τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)involving several number fields over square integers,by establishing the corresponding asymptotic formula.As an application,we also obtain the asymptotic formula of variance of these coefi icients.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042025kf0052)。
文摘In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFB4703200)。
文摘Pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)aims to improve lung function in patients with chronic respiratory disease(CRD).In recent years,significant advancements have been made in pulmonary rehabilitation technologies,demonstrating their potential for enhancing lung function in patients with respiratory diseases.The purpose of this study is to outline recent developments in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation guided by pulmonary rehabilitation robots,which has not been previously addressed in earlier reviews.To fill this gap,this paper first provides a systematic summary of the monitoring and actuation technologies of pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems and evaluates these technologies from multiple dimensions,including portability,wearability potential,invasiveness,and clinical applications,analyzing the potential for integrating various technologies into pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems.Furthermore,three technical directions are proposed:real-time precise monitoring,suitable structure and actuation strategies,and the intelligence of pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems.On the basis of these directions,this paper presents a comprehensive technical outlook for a soft wearable pulmonary rehabilitation robot system,providing reference and guidance for future research.To our knowledge,this is the first review of pulmonary rehabilitation robot systems and their key technologies.Additionally,the review section on respiratory assistive technologies simultaneously covers key technologies such as mechanical ventilation(MV),exoskeleton robots,and functional electrical stimulation(FES)for the first time.It also summarizes the respiratory assistive technology paradigm from the innovative perspectives of respiratory assistive modalities,targeted body sites,and types of ventilation for the first time.This study offers a broader perspective and a deeper understanding of pulmonary re-habilitation robots,with a technical outlook encompassing multimodal data fusion perception,respiratory event detection and intention recognition,full-phase assistance strategies,modeling,decoupling,and quantification of multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)systems,as well as model-based interactive control strategies.
文摘Background This study compared knee osteoarthritis(OA)outcomes specific to pain,physical function,and quality of life in later life based on strength training(ST)participation over a lifetime.Methods Participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative(n=3192)were grouped by ST engagement during ages 12–18 years,19–34 years,35–49 years,and 50+years.Participants were categorized as:No ST(no ST at any point;61.7±9.0 years(mean±SD)),Some ST(engaged in ST during 1–3 life stages;58.9±8.7 years),and Lifelong ST(consistently engaged in ST across all life stages;55.6±8.1 years).Measures were collected at baseline and Year 4:Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Scores(WOMAC;pain,daily activities),Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS;sports,recreation),Physical Activity Score for the Elderly(PASE),Short Form-12 Physical Component Score(SF-12 PCS),mobility disability,chair rise time,and walking speed(20 m and 400 m).Results At Year 4,the Lifelong ST group reported better WOMAC activity scores in the right knee along with better WOMAC pain,KOOS sports/recreation,and PASE scores compared to other groups(p<0.05).The Lifelong ST group had the lowest incidence of mobility disability of all groups(0.8%vs.2.3%–4.1%;p=0.015)and maintained the fastest walking speeds in Year 4.Conclusion For those with knee OA,ST throughout life may help preserve function and mobility,allowing for greater physical activity engagement while keeping pain levels relatively lower.
文摘In this paper,we investigate the uniqueness of meromorphic functions and their derivatives in the unit disc and consider the relations between the Borel points and the shared-values of meromorphic functions in an angular domain by Nevanlinna value distribution theory.An admissible meromorphic function with orde or precise order has Borel point and shares IM common values with its derivative in an angular domain of the unit disc,then the meromorphic function and its derivative are unique.The obtained results improve and generalize some existing results and enrich the uniqueness theory of meromorphic functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301845)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012339)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200801)Seed industry revitalization project of special fund for rural revitalization strategy in Guangdong Province(2024-NPY-00-001)Modern Seed Industry Innovation Capacity Enhancement Progject of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI(2023YG01)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology(2023B1212060042).
文摘Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.
基金funded by Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project-Research and Development of Shuangshen Tablets(20210401123YY)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project-Jilin Province High-quality and Authentic Medicinal Materials(Ginseng)Science and Technology Demonstration Base+(Ji'an Dadi Ginseng Industry Co.,Ltd.Ginseng Planting Base)(20220401114YY)Scientific Research Fund of Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology(2024YB019).
文摘Background:Aging is a key risk factor for human health,causing damage to the brain and liver tissues.Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a critical driver of the aging process.Shuangshen tablet(SST),a functional food formulated with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Apostichopus japonicus as main ingredients,possesses potential antioxidant and anti-aging properties.Thus,this study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging effects of SST using a D-galactose-induced aging model.Methods:The formula of SST was optimized via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology.Chemical components of SST were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS,and their in vitro antioxidant activity was determined.D-galactose-induced aging mice were intervened with SST,followed by detection of serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels,as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in brain and liver tissues.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe brain and liver histopathological changes.Mechanistic studies were conducted to analyze the protein expression levels of Nrf2-HO-1 pathway-related proteins,phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT).Acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed to evaluate the safety of SST.Results:A total of 46 active components were identified from SST,including ketones,terpenes,phenylpropanoids,and organic acids.SST intervention significantly regulated serum oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory factor levels in aging mice:it reduced MDA content in brain and liver tissues,increased SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px activities,and decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels.HE staining showed that SST alleviated D-galactose-induced brain and liver damage.Mechanistically,SST mitigated oxidative damage by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway and upregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT.Acute and subacute toxicity tests confirmed the safety of SST.Conclusion:SST can effectively delay the D-galactose-induced aging process by improving the oxidative stress signaling pathway,providing a theoretical basis for the development of antioxidant functional foods.
文摘Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhancing aboveground carbon(AGC)storage is well established,there remains limited empirical evidence from Pakistan’s forest ecosystems.This study investigated how taxonomic and functional diversity,alongside topographical variables,influence AGC across four districts in Punjab.Taxonomic metrics such as the Importance Value Index(IVI)and genus richness were computed,along with functional diversity indices including functional richness(FRic),functional dispersion(FDis),functional divergence(FDiv),and functional evenness(FEve).AGC was estimated using species-specific allometric equations,and linear mixed-effects models were applied to identify the most influential predictors.Acacia modesta and A.nilotica emerged as the dominant species in the studied sites.While species richness and biomass increased with elevation,Shannon diversity showed a negative relationship with elevation.AGC values ranged from 100 to 350 Mg ha⁻¹across the study sites.Among diversity metrics,FRic(0.042)and FDis(0.342)were significantly associated with higher AGC,whereas taxonomic diversity measures showed weaker correlations.Although elevation was a strong predictor of diversity patterns,it did not have a significant direct effect on carbon storage.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait diversity and topographic variability into forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration,strengthen ecosystem resilience and support sustainable rural livelihoods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
文摘The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2023MA031)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12201619)。
文摘Submodular optimization is primarily applied in multi-agent systems for tasks such as resource allocation,task assignment,collaborative decision-making,and optimization problems.Maximization of optimizing submodular set functions attracts much attention since the 1970s.A large body of work has been done using approximation algorithms.When the dimension of the independent variable of the set function changes from one tok,it is called ak-submodular set function.Thek-submodular set function,a generalization of the classical submodular set function,arises in diverse fields with varied applications.In many practical scenarios,quantifying the degree of closeness to submodularity becomes essential,leading to concepts such as approximately submodular set functions and the diminishing-return(DR) ratio.This paper investigates ak-dimensional set function under matroid constraints,which may lack full submodularity.Instead,we focus on an approximately non-ksubmodular set function characterized by its DR ratio.Employing a greedy algorithmic approach,we derive an approximation guarantee for this problem.Notably,when the DR ratio is set to one,our results align with existing findings in the literature.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm over the baselines.
