Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)rema...Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients,as well as 19 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a restingstate functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis.The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements.The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex,bilateral caudate nucleus,bilateral angular gyri,and left middle temporal gyrus,while non-psychotic PBD was not,suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis.In summary,we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group.These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.展开更多
A hyperbolic function is introduced to reflect the attenuation effect of one firm＇s default to its partner. If two firms are competitors （copartners）, the default intensity of one firm will decrease （increase） ab...A hyperbolic function is introduced to reflect the attenuation effect of one firm＇s default to its partner. If two firms are competitors （copartners）, the default intensity of one firm will decrease （increase） abruptly when the other firm defaults. As time goes on, the impact will decrease gradually until extinct. In this model, the joint distribution and marginal distributions of default times are derived by employing the change of measure, and the fair swap premium of a credit default swap （CDS） can be valued.展开更多
The default mode network is associated with senior cognitive functions in humans. In this study, we performed independent component analysis of blood oxygenation signals from 14 heroin users and 13 matched normal cont...The default mode network is associated with senior cognitive functions in humans. In this study, we performed independent component analysis of blood oxygenation signals from 14 heroin users and 13 matched normal controls in the resting state through functional MRI scans. Results showed that the default mode network was significantly activated in the prefrontal lobe, posterior cingulated cortex and hippocampus of heroin users, and an enhanced activation signal was observed in the right inferior parietal Iobule （P 〈 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate）. Experimental findings indicate that the default mode network is altered in heroin users.展开更多
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive...Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive and memory-related aspects of pain perception. However, changes in the functional connectivity between the defauk mode network and insula during pain remain unclear. This study used 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 12 healthy sub- jects aged 24.8 ± 3.3 years to compare the differences in the functional activity and connectivity of the insula and default mode network between the baseline and pain condition induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline. Compared with the baseline, the insula was more functionally connected with the medial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas there was lower connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior parietal lobule in the pain condition. In addition, compared with baseline, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited greater connectivity with the posterior insula, but lower connectivity with the anterior insula, during the pain condition. These data indicate that experimental low back pain led to dysfunction in the connectivity between the insula and default mode network resulting from an impairment of the regions of the brain related to cognition and emotion, suggesting the impor- tance of the interaction between these regions in pain processing.展开更多
慢性下腰痛(chronic low back pain,CLBP)作为全球致残率最高的肌肉骨骼疾病之一,其临床表现除持续性疼痛和运动功能障碍外,常伴随注意力缺陷、执行功能下降和工作记忆障碍等认知损害。多模态磁共振成像研究为阐明CLBP的神经机制提供了...慢性下腰痛(chronic low back pain,CLBP)作为全球致残率最高的肌肉骨骼疾病之一,其临床表现除持续性疼痛和运动功能障碍外,常伴随注意力缺陷、执行功能下降和工作记忆障碍等认知损害。多模态磁共振成像研究为阐明CLBP的神经机制提供了重要证据:功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)显示前额叶、扣带回和岛叶等认知控制脑区激活异常;静息态fMRI分析揭示默认模式网络、前额叶-顶叶控制网络及显著性网络功能连接失衡;弥散张量成像发现额叶-顶叶通路和胼胝体白质纤维完整性下降,且与认知测评表现相关;磁共振波谱提示N-乙酰天冬氨酸降低及谷氨酸/γ-氨基丁酸平衡失调,反映神经元功能和兴奋-抑制调节受损。现有证据支持CLBP通过“疼痛-情绪-认知”环路和三大脑网络失衡机制导致认知障碍。现有研究主要存在以下局限:大多数为横断面设计,无法确立因果关系;缺乏长期随访数据;样本代表性有限。基于这些局限,未来研究应当:(1)开展纵向追踪和干预性研究以验证神经机制与认知损害的因果关系;(2)整合多模态MRI技术与精细认知行为评估,建立CLBP认知损害的预测模型;(3)探索影像学生物标志物的临床转化价值,为早期识别和干预提供依据。通过解决这些问题,有望为改善CLBP患者的认知结局提供新思路。本综述系统梳理了CLBP相关认知损害的神经影像学研究进展,旨在为从事慢性疼痛与认知神经机制研究的科研人员及临床医生提供理论参考与研究思路,推动该领域从现象描述向机制探索与临床干预的转化。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171291, 81371531, 81571344, 81871344)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20161109)+2 种基金the Key Program for Guangming Lu (BWS11J063, and 10z026)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province, China (18KJB190003)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2014M552700)
文摘Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients,as well as 19 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a restingstate functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis.The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements.The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex,bilateral caudate nucleus,bilateral angular gyri,and left middle temporal gyrus,while non-psychotic PBD was not,suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis.In summary,we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group.These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2007CB814903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70671069)
文摘A hyperbolic function is introduced to reflect the attenuation effect of one firm＇s default to its partner. If two firms are competitors （copartners）, the default intensity of one firm will decrease （increase） abruptly when the other firm defaults. As time goes on, the impact will decrease gradually until extinct. In this model, the joint distribution and marginal distributions of default times are derived by employing the change of measure, and the fair swap premium of a credit default swap （CDS） can be valued.
基金sponsored by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973084-C160801,C010604the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.11040606M167
文摘The default mode network is associated with senior cognitive functions in humans. In this study, we performed independent component analysis of blood oxygenation signals from 14 heroin users and 13 matched normal controls in the resting state through functional MRI scans. Results showed that the default mode network was significantly activated in the prefrontal lobe, posterior cingulated cortex and hippocampus of heroin users, and an enhanced activation signal was observed in the right inferior parietal Iobule （P 〈 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate）. Experimental findings indicate that the default mode network is altered in heroin users.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2012B031800305
文摘Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the insular cortex has a signif- icant role in pain identification and information integration, while the default mode network is associated with cognitive and memory-related aspects of pain perception. However, changes in the functional connectivity between the defauk mode network and insula during pain remain unclear. This study used 3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 12 healthy sub- jects aged 24.8 ± 3.3 years to compare the differences in the functional activity and connectivity of the insula and default mode network between the baseline and pain condition induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline. Compared with the baseline, the insula was more functionally connected with the medial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas there was lower connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior parietal lobule in the pain condition. In addition, compared with baseline, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited greater connectivity with the posterior insula, but lower connectivity with the anterior insula, during the pain condition. These data indicate that experimental low back pain led to dysfunction in the connectivity between the insula and default mode network resulting from an impairment of the regions of the brain related to cognition and emotion, suggesting the impor- tance of the interaction between these regions in pain processing.
文摘慢性下腰痛(chronic low back pain,CLBP)作为全球致残率最高的肌肉骨骼疾病之一,其临床表现除持续性疼痛和运动功能障碍外,常伴随注意力缺陷、执行功能下降和工作记忆障碍等认知损害。多模态磁共振成像研究为阐明CLBP的神经机制提供了重要证据:功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)显示前额叶、扣带回和岛叶等认知控制脑区激活异常;静息态fMRI分析揭示默认模式网络、前额叶-顶叶控制网络及显著性网络功能连接失衡;弥散张量成像发现额叶-顶叶通路和胼胝体白质纤维完整性下降,且与认知测评表现相关;磁共振波谱提示N-乙酰天冬氨酸降低及谷氨酸/γ-氨基丁酸平衡失调,反映神经元功能和兴奋-抑制调节受损。现有证据支持CLBP通过“疼痛-情绪-认知”环路和三大脑网络失衡机制导致认知障碍。现有研究主要存在以下局限:大多数为横断面设计,无法确立因果关系;缺乏长期随访数据;样本代表性有限。基于这些局限,未来研究应当:(1)开展纵向追踪和干预性研究以验证神经机制与认知损害的因果关系;(2)整合多模态MRI技术与精细认知行为评估,建立CLBP认知损害的预测模型;(3)探索影像学生物标志物的临床转化价值,为早期识别和干预提供依据。通过解决这些问题,有望为改善CLBP患者的认知结局提供新思路。本综述系统梳理了CLBP相关认知损害的神经影像学研究进展,旨在为从事慢性疼痛与认知神经机制研究的科研人员及临床医生提供理论参考与研究思路,推动该领域从现象描述向机制探索与临床干预的转化。
基金北京市科委国家重大研发计划(Z161100002616003):基于耳甲-迷走神经联系治疗抑郁症可穿戴设备从基础到临床研究负责人:荣培晶+9 种基金中德科学中心中德科学基金(GZ1236):Purine signaling in depression and antidepressant effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus electroacupuncture负责人:荣培晶国家自然科学基金委面上项目(81473780):耳甲-迷走神经刺激治疗失眠的临床及机制研究负责人:荣培晶中国博士后科学基金会(2016M590185):基于1H-NMR代谢组学研究耳甲迷走神经刺激的抗抑郁机制负责人:俞裕天财政部中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(ZZ16012):电针耳甲对意识障碍患者脑功能促进作用研究负责人:俞裕天北京市自然科学基金委重点项目(ZG105):耳甲-迷走神经联系与耳针治疗抑郁症:从基础到临床负责人:荣培晶
