This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase(GST)isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon...This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase(GST)isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)single,and their mixtures for 15 days under laboratory conditions.13 kinds of GSTs in R.philippinarum were classified,and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 12 kinds of GSTs(except GST sigma 3)expressed most in digestive glands.We detected the m RNA expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway,and detoxification system in digestive glands of clams exposed to benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P),chrysene(CHR),benzo[a]anthracene(Ba A),benzo[b]fluoranthene(Bb F),and Ba P+CHR+Ba A+Bb F,respectively.Among these genes,we selected GST-sigma,GST-omega and GST-pi as potential indicators to Ba P;GST-sigma,GST-A and GST-rho to CHR;GST-pi,GST-sigma,GST-A,GST-rho and GST-microsomal to Ba A;GST-theta and GST-mu to Bb F;while GST-pi and GST-mu to the mixture of Ba P,CHR,Ba A and Bb F.Additionally,the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues increased remarkably over time,and showed an obvious doseeffect.Under the same concentration,the bioaccumulation in single exposure group was higher than that in mixture group,and the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues with different concentrations of stress was irregular.The results revealed the metabolic differences and bioaccumulation rules in clams exposed to four kinds of PAHs,and provided more valuable information for the PAHs risk assessment.展开更多
In order to make rail transit smart stations serve passengers better,the potential of smart stations should be optimized to reduce time cost,and relieve traffic congestion.In this paper,the construction of smart stati...In order to make rail transit smart stations serve passengers better,the potential of smart stations should be optimized to reduce time cost,and relieve traffic congestion.In this paper,the construction of smart stations based on the management experience of a subway station and the benefits of smart stations were analyzed and discussed.The construction of smart stations,as well as the key technologies for the construction of smart stations,will aid in the automation and intelligent management of subway stations.展开更多
Background:Sex determination is a fundamental aspect of forensic anthropology.Anthropometric analyses,particularly of the lower limb,have emerged as valuable tools,offering insights into population-specific for sex cl...Background:Sex determination is a fundamental aspect of forensic anthropology.Anthropometric analyses,particularly of the lower limb,have emerged as valuable tools,offering insights into population-specific for sex classification.While numerous studies have investigated sex dimorphism utilizing various morphometric parameters,limited attention has been directed toward lower limb anthropometry in Nigerian populations.Objective:The objective is to investigate the lower limb anthropometric variables for sex determination among young adults in the Nigerian population.Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 360 young adults(180 males and 180 females)aged 17-34 years old by random sampling.The anthropometric variables such as femur length,tibia length,foot length,foot width,and foot index were measured.Correlation and discriminant function analysis were performed to ascertain the most discriminative variables for sex classification.Results:The femoral height,knee height,foot length,and foot width among males scored higher mean values than females.Strong positive correlation is seen between femoral height and knee height in males(r=0.851,P<0.05)and females(r=0.781,P<0.05).Foot length shows the highest potential in discriminating sex with percentage accuracy of 72.8%after cross-validation in univariate analysis.However,following multivariate discriminant function analysis,age,knee height,foot length,and foot width were chosen as the significant variables and increased percentage accuracy to 78%after cross-validation.Conclusion:Femoral height,knee height,foot length,and foot width are anthropometric parameters suitable for assessing sexual dimorphism among young adults in the Nigerian population.展开更多
The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the ...The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the SCF complex and degraded by the 26S protease accounts for the bulk of the available self-incompatibility studies.In this study,15 ClSKP1s from the‘Xiangshui'lemon genome and ubiquitome exist in the same SKP1 conserved domain(CD)as SKP1s in other species.The q PCR results showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 have tissue expression patterns specific for expression in pollen.In addition,SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 in the stigma,style and ovary were significantly upregulated after self-pollination compared to those after cross-pollination.A subcellular location showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 were located in the nucleus.In addition,yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays,bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and luciferase complementation imaging(LCI)assays showed that SKP1-6 interacted with F-box1,F-box33,F-box34,F-box17,F-box19,Cullin1-2 and 26S proteasome subunit 4 homolog A(26S PS4HA).SKP1-14 interacted with F-box17,F-box19,F-box35,Cullin1-2 and 26S PS4HA.The interaction of Cullin1-2 and the F-box with SKP1 as a bridge was verified by a yeast three-hybrid experiment.The ability of S3-RNase to inhibit pollen and pollen tube growth and development was assessed using in vitro pollen co-culture experiments with recombinant S3-RNase proteins.Overall,this study provides important experimental evidence and theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants by revealing the key role of the SCF complex in‘Xiangshui'lemon,which is bridged by ClSKP1-6,in self-incompatibility.The results of this study are of great significance for the future indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of the SCF complex and its wide application in the self-incompatibility of plants.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the changes in gene expression of plants under environmental stress during different growth and development stages.[Methods]The effects of continuous ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the changes in gene expression of plants under environmental stress during different growth and development stages.[Methods]The effects of continuous cropping on the roots and leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum were investigated using transcriptome sequencing.Normally-grown first crop P.sibiricum was used as the control group,while continuous cropping plants served as the treatment group.Transcriptomic differences in roots and leaves under different conditions were compared.[Results]The leaf materials of first crop and continuous cropping P.sibiricum(CCLZ vs FCLZ)showed 21916 differentially expressed genes(DEGs),while the root materials of first crop and continuous cropping P.sibiricum(CCRZ vs FCRZ)exhibited 12726 DEGs(the lowest DEG count)(12726).Among them,1896 DEGs were common.GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolism,cell wall degradation,and pathogen defense.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs in CCLZ vs FCLZ and CCRZ vs FCRZ primarily affected hormone signal transduction and pathogen interaction pathways.[Conclusions]This study preliminarily elucidate the regulatory mechanisms in the roots and leaves of continuous cropping P.sibiricum at the molecular level,providing reference for research on its adaptation to continuous cropping.展开更多
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4(ABCB4)deficiency is associated with cholestatic liver disease primarily because of missense mutations,and many variants remain unidentified.Here,we validate the pat...BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4(ABCB4)deficiency is associated with cholestatic liver disease primarily because of missense mutations,and many variants remain unidentified.Here,we validate the pathogenicity and mechanism of ABCB4 variants in clinical and in vitro trials,hypothesizing that these variants are responsible for impaired biliary function and contribute to the development of cholestatic liver diseases.AIM To clarify the functional features and pathogenicity of ABCB4 variants.METHODS Clinical data were collected from five patients with cholestatic liver disease that was initially not detected by routine examinations.Later,whole-exome sequencing confirmed ABCB4 variants and the patients were treated from January 2017 to December 2023.Pathogenic mechanisms were analyzed using bioinformatics tools,and a cell model in vitro was established to investigate ABCB4 mRNA expression,multidrug resistance protein 3(MDR3)expression,cellular localization,and phosphatidylcholine secretion.Results were compared using Student's t-tests.RESULTS Five missense variants(c.1757T>A,c.1865G>A,c.2362C>T,c.2777C>T and c.3250C>T),one intron variant(c.537-32G>T),and one synonymous(c.C504T)variant were identified.Three of the five patients had various degrees of cholestasis,two presented with liver cirrhosis,and all had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase.Three of the four patients who underwent a liver biopsy had bile duct dilation,and one had gallstones.Two of the four patients had normal and reduced MDR3 immunohistochemical levels.Bioinformatic analysis indicated that these variants were likely pathogenic except c.C504T variant.None of the missense variants influenced subcellular MDR3 Localization in vitro.However,the c.1865G>A variant significantly decreased ABCB4 mRNA values,and all missense variants down-regulated phosphatidylcholine secretion.CONCLUSION This study uncovered new ABCB4 variants and emphasized the pathogenic potential of specific variants.The findings from five patients provided insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ABCB4-related diseases.展开更多
Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping microbial ecosystems during anaerobic digestion.However,the specific microbial communities and their functions across a wide temperature range still remain elusive.This stud...Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping microbial ecosystems during anaerobic digestion.However,the specific microbial communities and their functions across a wide temperature range still remain elusive.This study employed a genome-centric metagenomic approach to explore microbial metabolic pathways and synergistic networks at temperatures of 35,44,53,55,and 65℃.A total of 84 metagenome assembled genomes(MAGs)were assembled,with over 65%of these MAGs corresponding to novel bacterial and archaeal species(including Firmicutes,Chloroflexota,Bacteroidia and Methanobacteriota),greatly enhancing our current comprehension anaerobic digestion process.Notably,functional annotation identified that 44_bin.2(Methanothrix_A sp.001602645)harbors enzymes associated with hydrogenotrophic metabolism.Additionally,this microorganism exhibited diverse metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature commonly employed in industrial practice yet less explored in bench studies.Consequently,it implies a promising potential for conducting anaerobic digestion at a moderate thermophilic temperature,as opposed to the conventional mesophilic range.The microorganism exhibited a variety of metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature frequently employed in industrial applications but underexplored in laboratory investigations.The findings suggest that anaerobic digestion carried out at moderate thermophilic temperatures may have a higher potential for methane production.展开更多
Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemio...Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.展开更多
In this paper,a standardized analysis method is established for identifying meat quality-related genes in Ordos finewool sheep using transcriptome sequencing data.A meticulously standardized approach is utilized to in...In this paper,a standardized analysis method is established for identifying meat quality-related genes in Ordos finewool sheep using transcriptome sequencing data.A meticulously standardized approach is utilized to investigate the genetic determinants of meat quality in Ordos fine-wool sheep through transcriptome sequencing analysis.Muscle samples from the longissimus dorsi of one-year-old sheep are collected under controlled conditions,and key texture properties—hardness,elasticity,and chewiness—are measured to categorize samples into high-and low-textural-value groups.Genes significantly associated with meat quality traits are identified through standardized RNA extraction,high-throughput sequencing,and differential gene expression analysis.Functional enrichment analysis reveals their involvement in biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization and metabolic pathways.The findings underscore the pivotal role of standardization in meat quality research,laying a solid scientific foundation for future research on meat quality improvement and molecular breeding.展开更多
This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(Rrs)in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.Rrswas initially di...This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(Rrs)in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.Rrswas initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole Rrs were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95%of the variances of Rrs are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of Rrs(A-D Rrs-EOF1)significantly contributed to the total variances of each Rrs class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D Rrs-EOF1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class ARrs-EOF1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B Rrs-EOF1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(ag(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C Rrs-EOF1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D Rrs-EOF1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape.展开更多
AIM:To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity.METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract ...AIM:To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity.METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract was recruited.Nineteen individuals took part in this study including 5 affected and 14 unaffected individuals.Sanger sequencing targeted hot-spot regions of 27 congenital cataract-causing genes for variant discovery.The pathogenicity of the variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and InterVar software.Confocal microscopy was applied to detect the subcellular localization of fluorescence-labeled ephrin type-A receptor 2(EPHA2).Co-immunoprecipitation assay was implemented to estimate the interaction between EphA2 and other lens membrane proteins.The mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting assay,respectively.The cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay.Zebrafish model was generated by ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant to demonstrate whether the mutant could cause lens opacity in vivo.RESULTS:A novel missense and pathogenic variant c.2870G>C was identified in the sterile alpha motif(SAM)domain of EPHA2.Functional studies demonstrated the variant’s impact:reduced EPHA2 protein expression,altered subcellular localization,and disrupted interactions with other lens membrane proteins.This mutant notably enhanced human lens epithelial cell migration,and induced a central cloudy region and roughness in zebrafish lenses with ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant under differential interference contrast(DIC)optics.CONCLUSION:Novel pathogenic c.2870G>C variant of EPHA2 in a Chinese congenital cataract family contributes to disease pathogenesis.展开更多
As a key node for the surrounding area,metro stations are closely connected with the surrounding urban space and develop cooperatively.Different types of metro stations have differences in land use and functional posi...As a key node for the surrounding area,metro stations are closely connected with the surrounding urban space and develop cooperatively.Different types of metro stations have differences in land use and functional positioning.This paper mainly used the methods of Tyson polygon,kernel density analysis and correlation analysis,based on POI data,to classify the stations of Beijing Metro Line 7.This paper made a detailed analysis of commercial subway stations,and analyzed the distribution characteristics of commercial metro stations on Line 7.展开更多
AIM： TO investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasi...AIM： TO investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasis, to identify the hepatocarcinoma-specific biomarkers for the early prediction in diagnosis, and to explore the new drug targets for liver cancer therapy. METHODS： Total proteins from human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis （2DE）. The silver-stained gel was analyzed by 2DE software Image Master 2D Elite. Interesting protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） and database searching. RESULTS： We obtained protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Among the twenty-one successfully identified proteins, mitofilin, endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp29, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex core protein I, peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase, peroxiredoxin-4 and probable 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 precursor were the six novel proteins identified in human hepatocarcinoma cells or tissues. Specific functions of the identified heat-shock proteins were analyzed in detail, and the results suggested that these proteins might promote tumorigenesis via inhibiting cell death induced by several cancer-related stresses or via inhibiting apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic signal pathway. Other identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins were also analyzed.CONCLUSION： Based on the protein profile of SMMC-7721 cells, functional analysis suggests that the identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins have their own pathways to contribute to the tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Furthermore, proteomic analysis is indicated to be feasible in the cancer study.展开更多
This paper reported firstly successful cloning of lycopene ε-cyclase （lbLCYe） gene from sweetpotato, lpomoea batatas （L.） Lam. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）, lbLCYe gene was cloned from sweetpot...This paper reported firstly successful cloning of lycopene ε-cyclase （lbLCYe） gene from sweetpotato, lpomoea batatas （L.） Lam. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）, lbLCYe gene was cloned from sweetpotato cv. Nongdafu 14 with high carotenoid content. The 1 805 bp cDNA sequence oflbLCYe gene contained a 1236 bp open reading frame （ORF） encoding a 411 amino acids polypeptide with a molecular weight of 47 kDa and an isoelectric point （pI） of 6.95. IbLCYe protein contained one potential lycopene ε-cyclase domain and one potential FAD （flavinadenine dinucleotide）/NAD（P） （nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate）-binding domain, indicating that this protein shares the typical characteristics of LCYe proteins. The gDNA oflbLCYe gene was 4 029 bp and deduced to contain 5 introns and 6 exons. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbLCYe gene was significantly higher in the storage roots of Nongdafu 14 than those in the leaves and stems. Transgenic tobacco （cv. Wisconsin 38） expressing [bLCYe gene accumulated significantly more ^-carotene compared to the untransformed control plants. These results showed that lbLCYe gene has an important function for the accumulation of carotenoids of sweetpotato.展开更多
Despite controversy regarding the clinical value of semen analysis, male fertility investigation still relies on a standardized analysis of the semen parameters. This is especially true for infertility clinics in both...Despite controversy regarding the clinical value of semen analysis, male fertility investigation still relies on a standardized analysis of the semen parameters. This is especially true for infertility clinics in both developing and developed countries. Other optional tests or sophisticated technologies have not been widely applied. The current review addresses important changes in the analysis of semen as described in the new World Health Organization （WHO） manual for semen analysis. The most important change in the manual is the use of evidence-based publications as references to determine cutoff values for normality. Apart from the above mentioned changes, the initial evaluation and handling methods remain, in most instances, the same as in previous editions. Furthermore, the review evaluates the importance of quality control in andrology with emphasis on the evaluation of sperm morphology. WHO sperm morphology training programmes for Sub-Saharan countries were initiated at Tygerberg Hospital in 1995. The external qualitY control programme has ensured that the majority of participants have maintained their morphological reading skills acquired during initial training. This review reports on current sperm functional tests, such as the induced acrosome reaction, and sperm-zona pellucida binding assays, as well as the impact of sperm quality in terms of DNA integrity, and the relationship of sperm function tests to sperm morphology.展开更多
Reliability allocation of computerized numerical controlled（CNC）lathes is very important in industry.Traditional allocation methods only focus on high-failure rate components rather than moderate failure rate compon...Reliability allocation of computerized numerical controlled（CNC）lathes is very important in industry.Traditional allocation methods only focus on high-failure rate components rather than moderate failure rate components,which is not applicable in some conditions.Aiming at solving the problem of CNC lathes reliability allocating,a comprehensive reliability allocation method based on cubic transformed functions of failure modes and effects analysis（FMEA）is presented.Firstly,conventional reliability allocation methods are introduced.Then the limitations of direct combination of comprehensive allocation method with the exponential transformed FMEA method are investigated.Subsequently,a cubic transformed function is established in order to overcome these limitations.Properties of the new transformed functions are discussed by considering the failure severity and the failure occurrence.Designers can choose appropriate transform amplitudes according to their requirements.Finally,a CNC lathe and a spindle system are used as an example to verify the new allocation method.Seven criteria are considered to compare the results of the new method with traditional methods.The allocation results indicate that the new method is more flexible than traditional methods.By employing the new cubic transformed function,the method covers a wider range of problems in CNC reliability allocation without losing the advantages of traditional methods.展开更多
An EMS(ethy methanesulfonate)-induced lethal etiolated(le)mutant obtained from the rice variety Zhongjian 100 was characterized by lethal etiolated phenotypes,with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll a,chlorop...An EMS(ethy methanesulfonate)-induced lethal etiolated(le)mutant obtained from the rice variety Zhongjian 100 was characterized by lethal etiolated phenotypes,with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll,and carotenoids.Additionally,the mutant displayed a significantly decreased number of chloroplast grana,along with irregular and less-stacked grana lamellae.The le mutant showed markedly diminished root length,root surface area,and root volume compared with the wild type.It also exhibited significantly lower catalase activity and total protein content,while peroxidase activity was significantly higher.Using the map-based cloning method,we successfully mapped the LE gene to a 48-kb interval between markers RM16107 and RM16110 on rice chromosome 3.A mutation(from T to C)was identified at nucleotide position 692 bp of LOC_Os03g59640(ChlD),resulting in a change from leucine to proline.By crossing HM133(a pale green mutant with a single-base substitution of A for G in exon 10 of ChlD subunit)with a heterozygous line of le(LEle),we obtained two plant lines heterozygous at both the LE and HM133 loci.Among 15 transgenic plants,3 complementation lines displayed normal leaf color with significantly higher total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,and chlorophyll b contents.The mutation in le led to a lethal etiolated phenotype,which has not been observed in other ChlD mutants.The mutation in the AAA+domain of ChlD disrupted the interaction of ChlDle with ChlI as demonstrated by a yeast two-hybrid assay,leading to the loss of ChlD function and hindering chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.Consequently,this disruption is responsible for the lethal etiolated phenotype in the mutant.展开更多
Since entering the era of Industry 4.0,the concept of Healthcare 4.0 has also been put forward and explored by researchers.How to use Information Technology(IT)to better serve people’s healthcare is one of the most f...Since entering the era of Industry 4.0,the concept of Healthcare 4.0 has also been put forward and explored by researchers.How to use Information Technology(IT)to better serve people’s healthcare is one of the most featured emerging directions in the academic circle.An important field of Healthcare 4.0 research is the reliability engineering of healthcare service.Because healthcare systems often affect the health and even life of their users,developers must be very cautious in the design,development,and operation of these healthcare systems and services.The problems to be solved include the reliability of business process,system functions,and personal healthcare data.The Functional Resonance Analysis Method(FRAM)has been applied in reliability engineering for safety-critical systems in available studies,using both qualitative and quantitative approaches.However,the method has not been applied in the field of digital healthcare services development.Therefore,to narrow the gap,we present in this paper a semi-quantitative functional resonance analysis method to develop reliable healthcare services for diabetics.Moreover,this paper has tried to improve the reliability design of the service-oriented architecture(SOA)of traditional insulin pump therapy by system thinking.展开更多
Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years...Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years of our Open Door Policy, they find they have to learn some English and learn it quickly. They try to learn from radio and TV and many take English courses of 4 to 6 months, with varying degree of success. Their chief stumbling blocks展开更多
基金supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GHY115007)。
文摘This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase(GST)isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum,exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)single,and their mixtures for 15 days under laboratory conditions.13 kinds of GSTs in R.philippinarum were classified,and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 12 kinds of GSTs(except GST sigma 3)expressed most in digestive glands.We detected the m RNA expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway,and detoxification system in digestive glands of clams exposed to benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P),chrysene(CHR),benzo[a]anthracene(Ba A),benzo[b]fluoranthene(Bb F),and Ba P+CHR+Ba A+Bb F,respectively.Among these genes,we selected GST-sigma,GST-omega and GST-pi as potential indicators to Ba P;GST-sigma,GST-A and GST-rho to CHR;GST-pi,GST-sigma,GST-A,GST-rho and GST-microsomal to Ba A;GST-theta and GST-mu to Bb F;while GST-pi and GST-mu to the mixture of Ba P,CHR,Ba A and Bb F.Additionally,the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues increased remarkably over time,and showed an obvious doseeffect.Under the same concentration,the bioaccumulation in single exposure group was higher than that in mixture group,and the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues with different concentrations of stress was irregular.The results revealed the metabolic differences and bioaccumulation rules in clams exposed to four kinds of PAHs,and provided more valuable information for the PAHs risk assessment.
文摘In order to make rail transit smart stations serve passengers better,the potential of smart stations should be optimized to reduce time cost,and relieve traffic congestion.In this paper,the construction of smart stations based on the management experience of a subway station and the benefits of smart stations were analyzed and discussed.The construction of smart stations,as well as the key technologies for the construction of smart stations,will aid in the automation and intelligent management of subway stations.
文摘Background:Sex determination is a fundamental aspect of forensic anthropology.Anthropometric analyses,particularly of the lower limb,have emerged as valuable tools,offering insights into population-specific for sex classification.While numerous studies have investigated sex dimorphism utilizing various morphometric parameters,limited attention has been directed toward lower limb anthropometry in Nigerian populations.Objective:The objective is to investigate the lower limb anthropometric variables for sex determination among young adults in the Nigerian population.Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 360 young adults(180 males and 180 females)aged 17-34 years old by random sampling.The anthropometric variables such as femur length,tibia length,foot length,foot width,and foot index were measured.Correlation and discriminant function analysis were performed to ascertain the most discriminative variables for sex classification.Results:The femoral height,knee height,foot length,and foot width among males scored higher mean values than females.Strong positive correlation is seen between femoral height and knee height in males(r=0.851,P<0.05)and females(r=0.781,P<0.05).Foot length shows the highest potential in discriminating sex with percentage accuracy of 72.8%after cross-validation in univariate analysis.However,following multivariate discriminant function analysis,age,knee height,foot length,and foot width were chosen as the significant variables and increased percentage accuracy to 78%after cross-validation.Conclusion:Femoral height,knee height,foot length,and foot width are anthropometric parameters suitable for assessing sexual dimorphism among young adults in the Nigerian population.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31960585)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Grant No.Guike AA22068092)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Vanguard Special Action Project(Grant No.202204)State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(Grant Nos.SKLCUSA-a201906,SKLCU-SA-c201901)。
文摘The SKP1 gene is an important component of the SCF(SKP1-Cullin1-F-box)complex and serves as a bridge connecting the F-box and Cullin1genes(F-box-SKP1-Cullin1).The pattern of S-RNase being ubiquitously labelled by the SCF complex and degraded by the 26S protease accounts for the bulk of the available self-incompatibility studies.In this study,15 ClSKP1s from the‘Xiangshui'lemon genome and ubiquitome exist in the same SKP1 conserved domain(CD)as SKP1s in other species.The q PCR results showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 have tissue expression patterns specific for expression in pollen.In addition,SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 in the stigma,style and ovary were significantly upregulated after self-pollination compared to those after cross-pollination.A subcellular location showed that SKP1-6 and SKP1-14 were located in the nucleus.In addition,yeast two-hybrid(Y2H)assays,bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)and luciferase complementation imaging(LCI)assays showed that SKP1-6 interacted with F-box1,F-box33,F-box34,F-box17,F-box19,Cullin1-2 and 26S proteasome subunit 4 homolog A(26S PS4HA).SKP1-14 interacted with F-box17,F-box19,F-box35,Cullin1-2 and 26S PS4HA.The interaction of Cullin1-2 and the F-box with SKP1 as a bridge was verified by a yeast three-hybrid experiment.The ability of S3-RNase to inhibit pollen and pollen tube growth and development was assessed using in vitro pollen co-culture experiments with recombinant S3-RNase proteins.Overall,this study provides important experimental evidence and theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants by revealing the key role of the SCF complex in‘Xiangshui'lemon,which is bridged by ClSKP1-6,in self-incompatibility.The results of this study are of great significance for the future indepth exploration of the molecular mechanism of the SCF complex and its wide application in the self-incompatibility of plants.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(XCNZ[2021]No.15)Loudi Science and Technology Innovation Program(LKF[2022]29)+1 种基金Applied Characteristic Discipline Construction Project of Hunan Province:Plant ProtectionPostgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Hunan University of Humanities,Science and Technology(ZSCX2022Y12).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the changes in gene expression of plants under environmental stress during different growth and development stages.[Methods]The effects of continuous cropping on the roots and leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum were investigated using transcriptome sequencing.Normally-grown first crop P.sibiricum was used as the control group,while continuous cropping plants served as the treatment group.Transcriptomic differences in roots and leaves under different conditions were compared.[Results]The leaf materials of first crop and continuous cropping P.sibiricum(CCLZ vs FCLZ)showed 21916 differentially expressed genes(DEGs),while the root materials of first crop and continuous cropping P.sibiricum(CCRZ vs FCRZ)exhibited 12726 DEGs(the lowest DEG count)(12726).Among them,1896 DEGs were common.GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolism,cell wall degradation,and pathogen defense.KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs in CCLZ vs FCLZ and CCRZ vs FCRZ primarily affected hormone signal transduction and pathogen interaction pathways.[Conclusions]This study preliminarily elucidate the regulatory mechanisms in the roots and leaves of continuous cropping P.sibiricum at the molecular level,providing reference for research on its adaptation to continuous cropping.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81970454.
文摘BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 4(ABCB4)deficiency is associated with cholestatic liver disease primarily because of missense mutations,and many variants remain unidentified.Here,we validate the pathogenicity and mechanism of ABCB4 variants in clinical and in vitro trials,hypothesizing that these variants are responsible for impaired biliary function and contribute to the development of cholestatic liver diseases.AIM To clarify the functional features and pathogenicity of ABCB4 variants.METHODS Clinical data were collected from five patients with cholestatic liver disease that was initially not detected by routine examinations.Later,whole-exome sequencing confirmed ABCB4 variants and the patients were treated from January 2017 to December 2023.Pathogenic mechanisms were analyzed using bioinformatics tools,and a cell model in vitro was established to investigate ABCB4 mRNA expression,multidrug resistance protein 3(MDR3)expression,cellular localization,and phosphatidylcholine secretion.Results were compared using Student's t-tests.RESULTS Five missense variants(c.1757T>A,c.1865G>A,c.2362C>T,c.2777C>T and c.3250C>T),one intron variant(c.537-32G>T),and one synonymous(c.C504T)variant were identified.Three of the five patients had various degrees of cholestasis,two presented with liver cirrhosis,and all had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase.Three of the four patients who underwent a liver biopsy had bile duct dilation,and one had gallstones.Two of the four patients had normal and reduced MDR3 immunohistochemical levels.Bioinformatic analysis indicated that these variants were likely pathogenic except c.C504T variant.None of the missense variants influenced subcellular MDR3 Localization in vitro.However,the c.1865G>A variant significantly decreased ABCB4 mRNA values,and all missense variants down-regulated phosphatidylcholine secretion.CONCLUSION This study uncovered new ABCB4 variants and emphasized the pathogenic potential of specific variants.The findings from five patients provided insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ABCB4-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270138)。
文摘Temperature plays a crucial role in shaping microbial ecosystems during anaerobic digestion.However,the specific microbial communities and their functions across a wide temperature range still remain elusive.This study employed a genome-centric metagenomic approach to explore microbial metabolic pathways and synergistic networks at temperatures of 35,44,53,55,and 65℃.A total of 84 metagenome assembled genomes(MAGs)were assembled,with over 65%of these MAGs corresponding to novel bacterial and archaeal species(including Firmicutes,Chloroflexota,Bacteroidia and Methanobacteriota),greatly enhancing our current comprehension anaerobic digestion process.Notably,functional annotation identified that 44_bin.2(Methanothrix_A sp.001602645)harbors enzymes associated with hydrogenotrophic metabolism.Additionally,this microorganism exhibited diverse metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature commonly employed in industrial practice yet less explored in bench studies.Consequently,it implies a promising potential for conducting anaerobic digestion at a moderate thermophilic temperature,as opposed to the conventional mesophilic range.The microorganism exhibited a variety of metabolic capabilities at 44℃,a temperature frequently employed in industrial applications but underexplored in laboratory investigations.The findings suggest that anaerobic digestion carried out at moderate thermophilic temperatures may have a higher potential for methane production.
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82304253)(and 82273709)the Foundation for Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022KQNCX021)the PhD Starting Project of Guangdong Medical University(Grant No.GDMUB2022054).
文摘Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
基金funded by the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project,and the Ordos Municipal Science and Technology Major Special Project(Grant No.2022EEDSKJZDZX021).
文摘In this paper,a standardized analysis method is established for identifying meat quality-related genes in Ordos finewool sheep using transcriptome sequencing data.A meticulously standardized approach is utilized to investigate the genetic determinants of meat quality in Ordos fine-wool sheep through transcriptome sequencing analysis.Muscle samples from the longissimus dorsi of one-year-old sheep are collected under controlled conditions,and key texture properties—hardness,elasticity,and chewiness—are measured to categorize samples into high-and low-textural-value groups.Genes significantly associated with meat quality traits are identified through standardized RNA extraction,high-throughput sequencing,and differential gene expression analysis.Functional enrichment analysis reveals their involvement in biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization and metabolic pathways.The findings underscore the pivotal role of standardization in meat quality research,laying a solid scientific foundation for future research on meat quality improvement and molecular breeding.
基金The Key Projects of the Guangdong Education Department under contract No.2019KZDXM019the Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)under contract No.ZJW-2019-08+2 种基金High-Level Marine Discipline Team Project of Guangdong Ocean University under contract No.002026002009the Guangdong Graduate Academic Forum Project under contract No.230420003the"First Class"discipline construction platform project in 2019 of Guangdong Ocean University under contract No.231419026。
文摘This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(Rrs)in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.Rrswas initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole Rrs were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95%of the variances of Rrs are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of Rrs(A-D Rrs-EOF1)significantly contributed to the total variances of each Rrs class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D Rrs-EOF1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class ARrs-EOF1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B Rrs-EOF1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(ag(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C Rrs-EOF1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D Rrs-EOF1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01229)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1000307).
文摘AIM:To identify genetic defects in a Chinese family with congenital posterior polar cataracts and assess the pathogenicity.METHODS:A four-generation Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital cataract was recruited.Nineteen individuals took part in this study including 5 affected and 14 unaffected individuals.Sanger sequencing targeted hot-spot regions of 27 congenital cataract-causing genes for variant discovery.The pathogenicity of the variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and InterVar software.Confocal microscopy was applied to detect the subcellular localization of fluorescence-labeled ephrin type-A receptor 2(EPHA2).Co-immunoprecipitation assay was implemented to estimate the interaction between EphA2 and other lens membrane proteins.The mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting assay,respectively.The cell migration was analyzed by wound healing assay.Zebrafish model was generated by ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant to demonstrate whether the mutant could cause lens opacity in vivo.RESULTS:A novel missense and pathogenic variant c.2870G>C was identified in the sterile alpha motif(SAM)domain of EPHA2.Functional studies demonstrated the variant’s impact:reduced EPHA2 protein expression,altered subcellular localization,and disrupted interactions with other lens membrane proteins.This mutant notably enhanced human lens epithelial cell migration,and induced a central cloudy region and roughness in zebrafish lenses with ectopic expression of human EPHA2/p.R957P mutant under differential interference contrast(DIC)optics.CONCLUSION:Novel pathogenic c.2870G>C variant of EPHA2 in a Chinese congenital cataract family contributes to disease pathogenesis.
基金Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation(22GLC062).
文摘As a key node for the surrounding area,metro stations are closely connected with the surrounding urban space and develop cooperatively.Different types of metro stations have differences in land use and functional positioning.This paper mainly used the methods of Tyson polygon,kernel density analysis and correlation analysis,based on POI data,to classify the stations of Beijing Metro Line 7.This paper made a detailed analysis of commercial subway stations,and analyzed the distribution characteristics of commercial metro stations on Line 7.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30370403the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education, No. 705046the Doctoral Foundation of Xi’an Jiaotong University, grants No. DFXJTU2005-05
文摘AIM： TO investigate the protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, to analyze the specific functions of abundant expressed proteins in the processes of hepatocarcinoma genesis, growth and metastasis, to identify the hepatocarcinoma-specific biomarkers for the early prediction in diagnosis, and to explore the new drug targets for liver cancer therapy. METHODS： Total proteins from human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis （2DE）. The silver-stained gel was analyzed by 2DE software Image Master 2D Elite. Interesting protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） and database searching. RESULTS： We obtained protein profile of human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Among the twenty-one successfully identified proteins, mitofilin, endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp29, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex core protein I, peroxisomal enoyl CoA hydratase, peroxiredoxin-4 and probable 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 precursor were the six novel proteins identified in human hepatocarcinoma cells or tissues. Specific functions of the identified heat-shock proteins were analyzed in detail, and the results suggested that these proteins might promote tumorigenesis via inhibiting cell death induced by several cancer-related stresses or via inhibiting apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic signal pathway. Other identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins were also analyzed.CONCLUSION： Based on the protein profile of SMMC-7721 cells, functional analysis suggests that the identified chaperones and cancer-related proteins have their own pathways to contribute to the tumorigenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of liver cancer. Furthermore, proteomic analysis is indicated to be feasible in the cancer study.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (Sweetpotato)the National High-Tech Research and Development Project of China(2011AA100607 and 2012AA101204)
文摘This paper reported firstly successful cloning of lycopene ε-cyclase （lbLCYe） gene from sweetpotato, lpomoea batatas （L.） Lam. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）, lbLCYe gene was cloned from sweetpotato cv. Nongdafu 14 with high carotenoid content. The 1 805 bp cDNA sequence oflbLCYe gene contained a 1236 bp open reading frame （ORF） encoding a 411 amino acids polypeptide with a molecular weight of 47 kDa and an isoelectric point （pI） of 6.95. IbLCYe protein contained one potential lycopene ε-cyclase domain and one potential FAD （flavinadenine dinucleotide）/NAD（P） （nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate）-binding domain, indicating that this protein shares the typical characteristics of LCYe proteins. The gDNA oflbLCYe gene was 4 029 bp and deduced to contain 5 introns and 6 exons. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of IbLCYe gene was significantly higher in the storage roots of Nongdafu 14 than those in the leaves and stems. Transgenic tobacco （cv. Wisconsin 38） expressing [bLCYe gene accumulated significantly more ^-carotene compared to the untransformed control plants. These results showed that lbLCYe gene has an important function for the accumulation of carotenoids of sweetpotato.
文摘Despite controversy regarding the clinical value of semen analysis, male fertility investigation still relies on a standardized analysis of the semen parameters. This is especially true for infertility clinics in both developing and developed countries. Other optional tests or sophisticated technologies have not been widely applied. The current review addresses important changes in the analysis of semen as described in the new World Health Organization （WHO） manual for semen analysis. The most important change in the manual is the use of evidence-based publications as references to determine cutoff values for normality. Apart from the above mentioned changes, the initial evaluation and handling methods remain, in most instances, the same as in previous editions. Furthermore, the review evaluates the importance of quality control in andrology with emphasis on the evaluation of sperm morphology. WHO sperm morphology training programmes for Sub-Saharan countries were initiated at Tygerberg Hospital in 1995. The external qualitY control programme has ensured that the majority of participants have maintained their morphological reading skills acquired during initial training. This review reports on current sperm functional tests, such as the induced acrosome reaction, and sperm-zona pellucida binding assays, as well as the impact of sperm quality in terms of DNA integrity, and the relationship of sperm function tests to sperm morphology.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51135003,51205050,U1234208)Key National Science & Technology Special Project on"High-Grade CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipments"(Grant No.2013ZX04011011)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20110042120020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
文摘Reliability allocation of computerized numerical controlled（CNC）lathes is very important in industry.Traditional allocation methods only focus on high-failure rate components rather than moderate failure rate components,which is not applicable in some conditions.Aiming at solving the problem of CNC lathes reliability allocating,a comprehensive reliability allocation method based on cubic transformed functions of failure modes and effects analysis（FMEA）is presented.Firstly,conventional reliability allocation methods are introduced.Then the limitations of direct combination of comprehensive allocation method with the exponential transformed FMEA method are investigated.Subsequently,a cubic transformed function is established in order to overcome these limitations.Properties of the new transformed functions are discussed by considering the failure severity and the failure occurrence.Designers can choose appropriate transform amplitudes according to their requirements.Finally,a CNC lathe and a spindle system are used as an example to verify the new allocation method.Seven criteria are considered to compare the results of the new method with traditional methods.The allocation results indicate that the new method is more flexible than traditional methods.By employing the new cubic transformed function,the method covers a wider range of problems in CNC reliability allocation without losing the advantages of traditional methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072049)Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China(Grant No.20210208).
文摘An EMS(ethy methanesulfonate)-induced lethal etiolated(le)mutant obtained from the rice variety Zhongjian 100 was characterized by lethal etiolated phenotypes,with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll,and carotenoids.Additionally,the mutant displayed a significantly decreased number of chloroplast grana,along with irregular and less-stacked grana lamellae.The le mutant showed markedly diminished root length,root surface area,and root volume compared with the wild type.It also exhibited significantly lower catalase activity and total protein content,while peroxidase activity was significantly higher.Using the map-based cloning method,we successfully mapped the LE gene to a 48-kb interval between markers RM16107 and RM16110 on rice chromosome 3.A mutation(from T to C)was identified at nucleotide position 692 bp of LOC_Os03g59640(ChlD),resulting in a change from leucine to proline.By crossing HM133(a pale green mutant with a single-base substitution of A for G in exon 10 of ChlD subunit)with a heterozygous line of le(LEle),we obtained two plant lines heterozygous at both the LE and HM133 loci.Among 15 transgenic plants,3 complementation lines displayed normal leaf color with significantly higher total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,and chlorophyll b contents.The mutation in le led to a lethal etiolated phenotype,which has not been observed in other ChlD mutants.The mutation in the AAA+domain of ChlD disrupted the interaction of ChlDle with ChlI as demonstrated by a yeast two-hybrid assay,leading to the loss of ChlD function and hindering chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.Consequently,this disruption is responsible for the lethal etiolated phenotype in the mutant.
文摘Since entering the era of Industry 4.0,the concept of Healthcare 4.0 has also been put forward and explored by researchers.How to use Information Technology(IT)to better serve people’s healthcare is one of the most featured emerging directions in the academic circle.An important field of Healthcare 4.0 research is the reliability engineering of healthcare service.Because healthcare systems often affect the health and even life of their users,developers must be very cautious in the design,development,and operation of these healthcare systems and services.The problems to be solved include the reliability of business process,system functions,and personal healthcare data.The Functional Resonance Analysis Method(FRAM)has been applied in reliability engineering for safety-critical systems in available studies,using both qualitative and quantitative approaches.However,the method has not been applied in the field of digital healthcare services development.Therefore,to narrow the gap,we present in this paper a semi-quantitative functional resonance analysis method to develop reliable healthcare services for diabetics.Moreover,this paper has tried to improve the reliability design of the service-oriented architecture(SOA)of traditional insulin pump therapy by system thinking.
文摘Background Generally speaking. Chinese college graduates in the fifties and sixties took Russian as their second language, and those who graduated in the seventies had no second language to speak of. Now, in the years of our Open Door Policy, they find they have to learn some English and learn it quickly. They try to learn from radio and TV and many take English courses of 4 to 6 months, with varying degree of success. Their chief stumbling blocks
